Biography
I-biegraphy ye-bieggenia ivanovich Zammatina iyagcwala kwaye izele ziinyani ezinomdla. Nokuba urhulumente "akazange aphule njani" umbhali, umoya wakhe akanakwaphulwa, imbongi yaqhubeka ibandakanyeka kwishishini lakhe elithandekayo kunye ne-Yaros ikhusele imeko yakhe.
U-Evgeny Zyatin wazalwa nge-20 kaJanuwari (ngoFebruwari 1) ngo-1884 kwiPhondo leTambov, kwiSixeko saseLeyadiya. Utata wasebenza njengombingeleli kwaye wafundisa ilizwi likaThixo, umama wakhe wayengumphumino. Kwiminyaka emi-4 ubudala, inkwenkwe yayisele ifunda i-gogol kunye noncwadi olubi endaweni yendlela yokuhlola.
Ngo-1893, abazali bathumela umntwana kwiLeyadiyan Gysnasium, apho imbongi yexesha elizayo yada kwaneminyaka eli-1896. Ke le ntsapho yafudukela eVoronezh, kwaye umfana othile waphumelela kwi-voronezh gymnasium ngembasa yegolide ngo-1902. Ngamaxesha esikolo, iZamyatin iqhubekile ngokugqibeleleyo neeSayensi zeNgxibani, kodwa ayizange inikwe iMathematics.
Ngo-1902, umfana wangena kwiZiko lePolyltechicnic laseSttensic, kwi-farbulty yenkonzo yokuthumela, efundwa apho uqeqesho lwezibalo lufundwe khona kwindawo yokuqala. Ngo-1905, i-Evgeny Ivanovich ingenise iqhekeza le-Bolssheviks kwaye kunye nabafundi abathathe inxaxheba kubomi obuguqukayo. Kule nto, umbhali wexesha elizayo wabanjwa, kodwa kungekudala uye kumbulela kwimigudu kaMama.
Ngehlobo lowe-1905, uZamyatin wabuya eYiputa kwaye wabona ivukelwa kwimfazwe "yePoTTKIN". Kule nto, lo mfo wabanjwa kwakhona wathunyelwa eLeyadiyan. Emva kwexesha wayengabuyiselwa ngokungekho semthethweni ePetersburg kwaye aphumelele eyunivesithi ngo-1908. U-Wevgenyy oselula wafumana injineli yaselwandle. Kwiminyaka emi-2 elandelayo, wasebenza njengomfundisi-ntsapho kwi-faculty yokwakhiwa kwenye.
Iincwadi
UZamyatin waqalisa ukubandakanyeka ngokubhala ngo-1908, kwaye emva koko ibali lakhe lokuqala lakhululwa, lapapashwa kwiMbali ". Ngokuhambelana, wasebenza kwelinye ibali - "ntombazana". Ngo-1911, abasemagunyeni bafumana imbongi kunye nokuphila ngokungekho mthethweni kwamgqitha eLakta. Apho wabhala ibali lokuqala "County", apho iingxaki zephondo laseRussia zityhilwe. Abagxeki nababhali baphawula umsebenzi kaJam kwaye bakuxabisa kakhulu oko.
Ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, ngo-1914, imbongi iqashele ibali "eKulichki", apho imibala eqaqambileyo yathetha malunga nesoyikelo emkhosini kwiMpuma Ekumkhosini. Ngale nto, abasemagunyeni batsalela enkundleni kwaye babhekisa kwiKem. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, i-jamming ikhutshelwe kwaye ithunyelwe kuhambo lweshishini ukuya eNgilani. Apho usebenza ngokuphakathi kumyili ophambili wama-Iceraikers kunye nolwakhiwo lokwakha. Ngokufanayo, wabhala incwadi ethi "Abemi besiQela".
U-Evgeny Zyatin wabuyela eRussia ngo-Septemba 1917 nangemva kweminyaka emi-4 wadala intlangano yababhali abancinci "bazalwana". Emva kolo hlaselo luka-Okthobha, ibali "eKulichki" lalishicilelwe, ngalo ekuqaleni kwemfazwe lalivaliwe.
Ngo-1920, imbongi yabhala inoveli ". Umsebenzi awuhambelani nobokubelelwa kweSoviet, kwaye akazange apapashwe. Ngaphandle kwemvume yombhali, incwadi yapapashwa eMelika ngesiNgesi, iCzech nesiFrentshi. I-Roman-Antileutopia ixelela ulawulo olunzima loluntu. Ephesheya, umsebenzi waseZamytina wayenomdla omkhulu, kwaye e-USSR yayigxekwa.
Abaphathi baseSoviet yombhali bagxekwa kwaye batyhalini, kwaye ngo-1929, i-Evgeny Ivanovich yabhala ileta eyayibhalisa i-STALIN, apho wacela imvume yokushiya ilizwe. Emva kwemvume ngo-1932, imbongi ifudukela eParis, apho iba ngumbhali wamaphephandaba aseFrance. Esona sihloko siphambili yayingumbuso wePREST yaseRussia yanamhlanje kunye nobugcisa be-Avent-garde. Ngaphandle kokuthandwa eFrance, imisebenzi yakhe yayingapapashwa kwiSoviet Union.
Ngo-1934, imbongi yaphinda yamkela ababhali be-USSR. Abathathi-nxaxheba beManyano-MASANTION bakhuthaza ubuKomanisi kwaye balwa uxolo ngoxolo nolwalamano lwabantu. Ngo-1935, uZamyatin wathatha inxaxheba kwiNkomfa ye-anti-sfarcist yababhali kwaye yayililungu loBathunywa baseSoviet.
Kwi-bibliography yombhali weSoviet kukho amabali angama-36, "umqolo" wakhunjulwa ngakumbi eluntwini, ebhalwe ngo-1920. Umsebenzi wadalwa kwisitayile saseJamine kwaye usixelela malunga nemozulu embi yelitye. I-Exgeny Ivanovich yaphefumlelwa ziimeko zobomi eziqhelekileyo kwaye yabhala amabali ngesiseko sabo.
Elinye ibali eliyinyani eliyimfihlakalo yayili "inamba", eyabhalwa ngo-1918. Waziwa ngesixa esikhulu semifanekiso, kwaye umfundi akayiqondi ngokukhawuleza intsingiselo. Kubonakala ngathi ibali lenzelwe abantwana, kodwa emva kokufunda izihlandlo ezininzi, umfundi uvula intsingiselo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Umsebenzi uchaza ixesha le-1918, xa kwaqala imfazwe yamakhaya eRussia.
Kwiminyaka eli-10, ukusukela ngo-1928 ukuya ku-1937, u-Evgeny Zamyatin wasebenza kwimbali "Skiytias", kodwa ayizange igqitywe. Inoveli yokugqibela "ulwandle lokugqibela" nguThixo "waba ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo wombhali. Isixelela ngexesha lokutshona kwelanga koBukhosi baseRoma, kunye nenkokeli yeNkokeli yeHunov Attalila ye-punnov.
Ukuba eParis, uZamyatin waphawula ukuba i-cinema iyakhula, kwaye yazama njengomfundisi-ntsapho. Ngokudibeneyo kunye neJacques, imbongi yabhala iscript yefilimu "ezantsi". NgoMeyi 1935, i-Evgeny Ivanovich yajika yajika i-Studio "Metro-Goloden-Mayer" kwaye ibanike i-Tsar "," Tsar Tsalela "," I-Tsal Tsalela "kunye" nentshutshiso kaThixo ". AmaMelika akazange avume ukusebenzisana nombhali, kwaye wazama ukuqala ukusebenza kwezinye iinkampani zefilimu.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu bembongi yaseRussia ayinantsingiselo.
Ukuba ngumfundi, uZamyatin wadibana nenkosikazi yakhe yexesha elizayo uLiudmila Nikolaevna Isov. Isibini esitshatileyo siphantse sangaboni ngenxa yonxibelelwano kunye neentshukumo, kwaye azinabantwana.
Ukufa
U-Evgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin wasweleka ngo-53, ngoMatshi 10, 1937. Ukufa kwafikeleka ngokungalindelekanga, kwaye isifo esiqatha sisifo esiqatha sisizathu sokukhathazeka, nto leyo ihluphekayo umntu.
Umbhali wangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba eParis kwiTwi. Ngo-1965, umfazi wakhe uLiudmila wasweleka. Wangcwatyelwa ecaleni kwendoda yakhe, kwaye ingcwaba lenze into eqhelekileyo.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- U-Evgeny Zyatin e-Evenyy e-Emyatin esebutsheni bakhe wayibeka imbasa yegolide eLombard, ingama-rub.
- Umbhali uyile i-iceakeker ye-ivsky ye-nevsky edumileyo, eyafumana igama elitsha "lenin" emva komhla ovukelayo.
- Iinoveli "1984" uGeorge Orwell kunye "ne" dahrees fahrees "dayradbury wabhalwa phantsi kwempembelelo kaJam.
- Umsebenzi wombhali waqalisa ukungabi namnqweno, kodwa ovela kwisithukuthezi ngelixa wayehlala kwikhonkco lokuqala.
- I-Evgeny Ivanovich yabhala inoveli entle "ngo-1920, kodwa eRussia yaqala ukuprintwa kuphela ngo-1988.
- "" "Yinoveli yokuqala yehlabathi.
- UZamyatin wabhala ngokukodwa kwindlela yeNeorealism, kwaye izazinzulu azikwazanga ukufumana ingqondo yemisebenzi yazo. Babegcwele i-folk-mythlogic poetic, enokuqondwa kuphela umbhali. Esi sisiphumo sokuqonda kobugcisa, esiye sabekwa kookhokho bakhe.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1908 - "Inye"
- I-1911 - "Intombazana"
- Ngo-1912 - "County"
- Ngo-1913 - "kwi-kulichki"
- Ngo-1917 - "Abemi besiqithi"
- Ngo-1914-1917-Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali "Intsomi"
- Ngo-1917-1920-Ukuqokelelwa kwamabali "abantwana abakhulu abantwana"
- Ngo-1918 - "i-dragon"
- Ngo-1920- "COVI"
- Ngo-1920 - "SI"
- Ngo-1935 - NguThixo Weast