Biography
URoger Zelazna - Intsomi ye-American Scicy Scigion, i-bibliography yakhe ineenoveli ezingama-20 kunye nokuqokelela amabali. Umbhali "we-chronicle amrber" amaxesha ama-6 waba ngumnini webhaso eliqinisekileyo "hugo", izihlandlo ezi-3 zifumene imbasa ye "Nevadel" neli-1 yanikwa i-Apollo ". Eminye imisebenzi yombhali edalwe kwiibhodi ezilahlekileyo kunye noogxa bakho, kwaye abanye abantu bapapashwa phantsi kwePseuduguson Darrison Denmark.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Igama elipheleleyo lentsomi yiRoger Joseph Joseph Josen. Wazalwa nge-13 kaMeyi, ngo-1937 kwidolophu yaseYukli, eOhio. Unyana we-Irish noJoseph unxibe igama lokugqibela lokugqibela, eliguqulelwe kulwimi lwasePoland lithetha "intsimbi".
Inkwenkwe ibonakalisa amandla okudala onobudala. Kwi-10, sele ebhale iintsomi. Inkalo ichaphazele ukumiliselwa kweWatchIWal Vaily yombhali wexesha elizayo, kodwa, ukukhetha umsebenzi, akazange enze isigqibo ngokukhawuleza ukuzinikela kuncwadi. Ukufumene imfundo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ngo-1955 uRoger wangena kwiDyunivesithi yaseNtshona eCleveland kwaye waba ngumfundi weSebe lezeMyirensi.
Ukuqonda ukuba utyekelo loncwadi lunamandla, umfana wafuduselwa kwi-faculty yoncwadi lwesiNgesi. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, kwimo yemeko ye-bachelor, uZhellana wafudukela kubasebenzi baseNew York, emva koko bafumana isidanga se-Master kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia. Umxholo womsebenzi wakhe yayikukuphononongwa kwedrama kwi-Ellizavtian nase-Jacochs.
URoger unike ingqalelo kungekuphela kukomoya kunye nengqondo, kodwa nokukhula komzimba. Le ndoda yayinomdla kubugcisa be-orial fartial, kubandakanya uYudo. Ngokuhambelana nokubhala imisebenzi emincinci kunye nemibongo, wafunda isiJapan neHindi. Indalo yokuyila yamthoba ukuba wazi iingcali ze-Esoterica kunye neengcali zokucamngca.
Ngo-1960, uRoger Zezlana wabizwa kwiMkhosi kaZwelonke. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu wayekhonza eTexas, emva koko wangena kwi-United States yaseMelika. Kangangexesha elithile, wayenengxaki yokubitha ebizwa ngokuba yiNika, kwaye ekupheleni kobomi benkonzo yayikwiyunithi ejolise kuhlaselo lwengqondo yotshaba lotshaba lotshaba. Kule nto, kwaphela umsebenzi wenkonzo, kwaye iicookies zathunyelwa kwi-reser.
Iincwadi
Ibali lokuqala loMbhali, epapashwe kwimithombo yeendaba, yayingumdlalo "womdlalo wethamsanqa". Ithunyelwe kwelinye lamabhendi ethi "Amabali Amangalisayo". Ukusuka kumanyathelo okuqala kuncwadi lwe-Zelazny, ukudumisa nokudumisa nokudumisa i-windile kwaye ubamba ingqalelo yoluntu. Ngokuhambelana nobuchule boncwadi, umbhali wasebenza kwi-Agerical Ingeniso, emva kwethuba ukusuka ngo-1967 ukuya kwixesha lokususela ngo-1968, wayengunondyebo ongunobhala kwi-American Ukunxulumana nababhali abathabatha.
Ukuthatha isigqibo sokuzinikela kuncwadi lwayo, uZekalazna washiya umsebenzi, waya kubuchule entloko. Ukubonelela ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zakho, umbhali kufuneka abe neziqhamo kakhulu. Umjikelo womsebenzi ubonelela ubukho obude bokwalatha. Ke kwathi nakwimeko yeZellasons, nangona umbhali engacwangciswanga kuthotho lweenoveli. "Iinkosana eziphambili ze-Amber" zazifanele ukuhlala ungumsebenzi ozimeleyo. Intsomi yesayensi ibalwe amandla okubhala isandiso, kodwa kwakhona.
Incwadi yapapashwa ngo-1970, kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-2 kamva, inoveli 'ruzhhya i-Avalon "yalandelwa. Inzala yabalandeli ecaphuke impumelelo, kwaye umbhali waqhubeka nomjikelo. URoger khange acinge ukuba wafaka impapasho yeencwadi ekuhambeni. Wayefuna ukuzama ukuzama iintlobo kunye nemibono eyahlukileyo. Iimveliso ezingenamntu ezingenamntu zingenabantu abane-novelist zihlala indawo kwiishelfu zeevenkile zencwadi kwaye zakhulisa ukuthandwa.
Ngo-1976, ibali elithi "Ukubuya kwebhotwe" lapapashiwe. Yenzelwe ukuba umbhali ahlonitshwe "kwaye" ebandakanyekile ". Kwangelo xesha linye, umsebenzi we "Iminyango entlabathini" wamkelwa njengabagxeki zoncwadi zonyaka wonyaka wabaphulaphuli abakwishumi elivisayo. I-finliale yeminyaka elishumi iphumelele yenye inoveli ye-Amber. Lo mjikelo wajika waba yiSayensi yeKhadi leShishini. Abalandeli bokuyila kombhali baqala ukulungiselela iiklabhu kunye nemidlalo yokudlala indima kwi-romanov, i-frien Fich Vicle, yenziwe ngabalandeli beekuki.
Ukusebenzisa ithuba, i-novelist yavula inkampani ye-Amber kwaye yaqala uluhlu lwesibini lweencwadi, ukuza kwindalo yayo ngokunentsingiselo ngakumbi. "IIKOMIKETHI SEZITHUTHILO saseMerlin" sasingengabi sathelekisa iincwadi ezi-5 zangaphambili, kodwa impumelelo yorhwebo ilandele le misebenzi. Babethengiswa kuzo zonke iimbombo zomhlaba kwaye bazisa impilo-ntle yoMdali, awayephupha ngayo.
Ngeminyaka yee-1980s, i-neckens yabhala ngaphantsi, kwaye abanye abalandeli, abasindileyo okokuqala, balibale ngezithixo. Nangona kunjalo, abagxeki baqhubeka nokusalela umbhali unika amabhaso ombhali ngenxa yohlobo olufutshane. Emva koko uRiger ubuyela ekubhaleni imibongo kwaye wapapasha ingqokelela. Ngo-1990, umbhali wagqiba kwelokuba avavanye amandla akhe njengomfundi wobugcisa. Wayeqokelele iiholo, efunda imisebenzi yakhe kunye neencwadi zabanye ababhali.
Kunomdla wokwazi ukuba imvakalelo yobunini besayensi ayizange ibandiswe, nto leyo eyenze ukuba ikwazi ukusebenza ngokutsha kwamanye amanani. Ekunye noPhilip Dick, uZekaznos wapapasha incwadi ethi "Nkosi yokukhula", kwaye kwiDeet neFred Saberigen ekhuphe "itrone emnyama" kunye "netrone emnyama". URoger unikeza abo basebenza ugqirha, kwaye bafaka ephepheni.
Ngo-1993, umbhali ukhuphe inoveli "ubusuku obusebusuku ngo-Okthobha", osisiseko kwincwadi ethi "INkosana YOKUZINYANYA Okwangoku, i-Zelaznos azisebenzi kakuhle. Woyiswa kukugula kakhulu. Ukuhlala kwinkokeli ye-ke ebizwa ngokuba "yintshabalalo entsha" kwicandelo lentsomi, uRoger wafaka imbali yakhe ngoncwadi kwaye akazange atshintshe kuye de kwanantsuku.
Ubomi Buqu
Ingozi yemoto engalunganga, apho i-roger i-roger Zelaznows yayikwinkampani yase-Sharon, yamnceda ukuba amisele ubomi bakho. Ulutsha lwatshata ngo-1964, kodwa umtshato wabakho ixesha elide. Ngo-1966, uqhawulo-mtshato lwenzeka.
Kwiminyaka efanayo ka-1966, iickens zadibana nomfazi wesibini. WayenguJudy Sellahan. Umtshato wenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Abathandi bonwabile. Abathathu abantwana babonakala kwimanyano yabo. Unyana Devin wazalwa ngo-1971. Emva kokufudukela eSanta Fe ngo-1976, uYonatan wabonakala emkhanyisweni, kwaye ngo-1979 abazali baphawula ukubuyiselwa kokugcwaliswa kwentombi kaShan. Ngeli xesha, umbhali wasebenza kakhulu ukubonelela usapho. Ngaphambi nje kokuba ukufa kukaZelaznoy kwahlukana nenkosikazi yayo.
I-Carction e-Jane Lindskold, indoda eyayidibana emva koqhawulo-mtshato, yajika yaba yinoveli. Umbhali waqalayo waguquka ukuba abe yimfazwe yokupheka ubuchule bokupheka. Uthumele ileta kwisiko, ngaphandle kwesiko, uRoger waphendula.
UJane ngelo xesha wasebenza njengomfundisi kwi-Virginia College kwaye wacwangcisa ukubhala i-biography yombhali othandekayo. Intlanganiso yeTet-A-Tet, ibanjwe ngo-1989, zonke zahlala endaweni. Ngelo xesha, uZekaZNA wandazi ukuba wayenomhlaza we-gustric. Waphindwa kabini kwi-chemotherapy, enciphise ukuphuculwa kwesilumkiso.
Ukufa
Imeko ebaluleke kakhulu yenzekile nge-13 kaJuni, 1995. Ukuqhotyoshelwa kokungaphumeleli kweRenan, yayingunobangela wokufa oza emva kosuku. Umbhali wasweleka kwisibhedlele i-vincent vincent ye-vincent eSanta Fe. Wayeneminyaka engama-58 ubudala. Abathembekileyo uJane Lindskold wayesondele ebhedini yendoda yakhe emthandayo. Ngokufa kwakhe, unyana omncinci kunye nabahlobo abaliqela babekhona. Emnqophisweni, umzimba wabethwe ngesidumbu, nengcwaliso kuye yayisendlu ezintabeni.
Intando yokugqibela yombhali yayingumbutho wokuhlwa ngokuhlwa naye emva komngcwabo wakhe. Isikhumbuzo esichithwe kwindlu kaFred Sabegen. Ngokuhlwa kwememori yenzeka kwindibano engafunekiyo yehlabathi, echithwa eBaltimore.
UMira, owenziweyo otyheli, yindalo ebalaseleyo, umntu onokubasilisa isidima. Iincwadi zeRoder ziye zaphinda zaphinda zenziwe kwaye zibangelwa, kwaye ifoto yombhali ibandakanyiwe kwiincwadi zezifundo kuncwadi lwenkulungwane yama-20.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1966 - "Ukungafi"
- Ngo-1967 - "inkosana yokukhanya"
- Ngo-1970 - "iinkosana ze-Amber i-Amber"
- Ngo-1971 - "Jack Word"
- Ngo-1972 - "Imipu" ka-Avalon
- Ngo-1975 - "uphawu lwe-Unicorn"
- Ngo-1976 - "Hander Otheron"
- Ngo-1976 - "Iingcango kwisanti"
- Ngo-1978 - "Ukuba ne-chaos"
- Ngo-1981 - "Umhlaba Engqondi"
- Ngo-1989 - "Iqabaka kunye nelangatye"
- 1992 - "Amangcwaba"