Biography
Omnye wabaphathi boMlawuli wokuqala-Avagadi weGadi Union, obeka esichengeni usebenzisa indlela yeGrotece kubugcisa obuhle kwaye wabize i-biomechanics ". I-VSEvolod Meerver kwaye namhlanje ihlala ingumzekelo kwifilimu kunye ne-theatrical elite, engafuniyo ukuqonda ubuchule babo kubume beSithuba esiqhelekileyo.
Ngokuka-EvgenIa vakhtangov, Meerver "wanika iingcambu zethiyele yexesha elizayo." Ngobomi bakhe, wabizwa ngokuba yiNkosi kunye ne-wizard yethiyetha. Kodwa okusesikweni kwento ifanele ililibele ukuba uMatra unabagxeki abaneleyo. Othandekayo kwiHlabathi lemidlalo yeqonga uNemirovich-dachenkgo wajonga kwiimvavanyo kunye nokudumba okubiyela iqabane elincinci kunye ne-skepticism.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Karl Casimir theodore Myergold yazalwa-Lo mfundisi kuvakala ukuba, kwintsapho enkulu yosapho lwe wayini i-Inilia. Isityalo sazisa usapho lwabantu abangabaqiqi be-German-Lutheera, kodwa hayi ulonwabo. UAlvina Dadilovna, Maerive Goma, ukuzala umntwana wesibhozo neyokugqibela - uNyana kaCharles, wabandezeleka kwindoda yakhe, engazange ayifihle.
Ubuntwana kunye neMeyaring encinci idluliselwe ePuna. Apha kwaye namhlanje isakhiwo se-2nd ye-Gymnasium sigcinwe, apho wafumana uMlawuli woLwazi. Wafunda uKarl kakubi, wayehamba kathathu kunyaka wesibini. Endaweni yeminyaka eyi-8 ubudala, unyana weSayensi yeGranite 11. Ikuphela kwendlu yomfana kwabizwa ngokuba zanelisa umama weSixeko. Useto lokuqala lwe-Karl lubone kwinqanaba lasekhaya.
Enye i-biography ye-charles pepling izibakala ezinomdla. Ubeke i-Amateur yokuqala ye-Amateur nge-18. Usuku lwe-prierere yayiyeyona kwaye ivuya, yaye kwaye ilusizi: NgoFebruwari 14, 1892, i-biography yesidalwa yaseMeyring yahlala, kodwa kwangalo mhla wayewokugqibela ebomini bentloko yentsapho. Rhoxisa inkulumbuso ngenxa yonyana kaNyana kwaye wayengacingi.
Kwisi-21, umfana wahlukana nexesha elidlulileyo, wamkelwa ngu-Orthodoxy waza watshintsha igama apho izigidi zabantu abamazi khona namhlanje. EVsevolod, waba ngumrhumo kuncothulwe inkunkuma yakhe ethandekayo.
Ngo-1895, i-vsevod meylege yaya eMoscow kwaye yangena eyunivesithi ngokukhetha i-rourispridence. Emva konyaka, wayeqonda ukuba imithetho exhaphakileyo yayidiniwe nguye, yaphosa iyunivesithi.
Iimviwo kwisikolo somculo-ohambayo, zivulele kwiMetropolitan Philhamrmic, iVSEVELOD igqitywe yi-Glitter: Abavavanyi abachaphazeleka yitalente kunye neqondo lokuhlala kwePenza nugget, lalibhalisile kwikhosi yesi-2.
Ithiyetha
I-VSEVELOD MEEREND "YAYIZA" I-Theatre ayisiyo mbulelo nje kumama-umbono omkhulu kwindoda encinci yenza umdlalo "Othello", wanikezelwa nguKonstantin Stanislavsky. Umlawuli waba ngumbono weVSEVOD wobomi.
Kwiminyaka yobudala, uVladimir Nemirovich-dancnko ephembelela i-Pelenezza enetalente yePenzenje, ephawula umfundi ongumdla. Utitshala wabelana nabafundi malunga nokudala iqonga lethiyetha elitsha kwidolophu leyo, kwinqanaba lokuba liza kurhoxisa iiwadi zakhe.
Emva kokuphumelela esikolweni, i-vsevod meering yadityaniswa kwiTaroupe ye-MHT. UMlawuli wamkhuphela ngendima ye-Hamlet, Vasily Shuisky, Tsar Yohane. Iindibano zocweyo zabekwa kwimisebenzi yeShakespeare kunye neChenokv. Izolo, umfundi ekuqaleni wayedlala ngenzondelelo, enobuhle kakhulu kwimifanekiso yamagorha ahlukeneyo, kodwa kwanele amaxesha ama-4 kuphela.
Inkathalo evela kwi-MHT Actor ichaze ukuphefumlelwa, kodwa aboni babiza esinye isizathu: UNemirovich-Danankgo akazange azingenise i-meyirhel kwisabelo semidlalo yeqonga elitsha lemidlalo yeqonga lemidlalo yeqonga entsha. Kwaye kumculi, ndaphola, ndibona ngendlela yakhe yentshukumo yomdlalo kunye ne-begyatitsa.
I-vsevod ekhubekileyo i-vsevod ishiywe i-MHT kunye nomntu osebenza naye uAlexander Kossheov. Abadlali bangena kubantu bangaphandle - i-kherson, apho balungelelanise khona imithi leyo yethiyetha yabo.
Kwiphondo, imisebenzi ye-meyern yapholalwa, kodwa yafunyanwa iFoI. Ixesha leqonga laqala ngoSeptemba 1902.
Ekuqaleni, imisebenzi yabonakala ngathi 'icinyiwe "kwiingxelo ze-MHT, kodwa kungekudala ababukeli abanomdla baphawula" umbhalo "womlawuli. I-VSEvolod Meerver, ngokungafaniyo nesithixo sakhe stanislavsky, ayigxininisi kwi-psychologist kunye nokugcwala kwangaphakathi komdlalo, kodwa kwiplastiki, ukuzonwabisa.
UStanislavsky, ovileyo ngempumelelo ye-meyerland e-Kiden, enike iqabane eliselula ukuba abuyele kwi-cound and gouupe yenziwa yi-MHT Theatre, ekhokelwa nguNemirovich - uDanchenko. IVSEVOD yavuma ngokukhawuleza kwaye yaya eMoscow.
Nangona kunjalo, kwinqanaba leMetropolitan, iVSEVELOD Meyer Reund ibeka kuphela iintsebenzo ezi-3 kuphela. Kwaye ukuba uStanislavsky wasamkela ubuchule boogxa bakho obucingayo, uNemirovich - uDanhenkgo akazange azisole uSarcasm. Ngo-1905, umlawuli kwafuneka abuyele e-Kherson.
Ngethamsanqa imhlophe iphinde yancuma i-Meyersing: Kunyaka emva koko wasebenza eSt. Petersburg, apho bendibize khona i-Prima vera. Ngokutsho komThetho odumileyo, umlawuli wentloko yethiyetha kwigosa kunye nexesha lexesha lazisa abaphulaphuli 13. Apha, i-Ave-Garddie yamkela inkuthalo.
Kwiminyaka yee-1908 ye-1908th yemidlalo ye-vsevod ye-vselige, nkqu kwinqanaba lemidlalo yeqonga, de kutshanje ithathele ingqalelo eyona nto iphambili - uAlexandrinsky.
I-Premiere ye-Meyeruticary yokuGqibezela i-Meerlicary Perporeen yabanjwa ngoFebruwari wendawo yokutshintsha yowe-1917. Umama ubeke i-lermontovsky masquerade.
Imfihlakalo yeVevolod eneminyaka engama-43 ye-vselodi eneminyaka engama-43 "Uyise weqonga lethiyetha elitsha", njengoko wabizwayo, esebenzisana ngokuvumayo norhulumente omtsha ngaphandle kokulibazisa waba lilungu le-WFB.
Kwinqanaba yayiyinto emfihlakalo-buff, i-vladimir may mayakovsky, indawo ebize i-Kazamir Malevich. Ndikunye ne-mayakovsky, ibhloko ye-Alexander, Nathan Altman Altman kunye nabanye abameli beNkcubeko, uMerland bafumanisa ukuba izimvo zombono kunye neenkokeli ezintsha.
Ngo-1920, iqonga lethiyetha lombuso lavula ucango kwikomkhulu, elalifumana igama lomlawuli. Icinyiwe ishwankathelwe iindwendwe. Kwinqanaba lakhe, bekukho umsebenzi wemisebenzi yabo bathatha i-odolo entsha yababhali-yuriehi, ilya elahren, eNikolai Ehrenman kwaye, kunjalo, mayakovsky.
Ndwendwela indawo yethiyetha yaba yiZinaida Reich, eyaphela inkanyezi uMaria Babanov. Ngenxa yeengxabano ze-acketies kunye nentandokazi yomlawuli iBanova, kwaye kunye neyesithathu yeTroupes ishiye iholo yemidlalo yeqonga. Ityala lalingakho kuphela eParadesi - umsindo kunye ne-Dopotic kwaye yayingafani, eyahlukileyo kwinqanaba nayiphi na inkululeko kwaye inganyamezeli uluvo lomnye umntu.
Kukho iingcinga zokuba uAlexei Tolstoy, edala ibali lakhe elidumileyo malunga nePinocchio, wabona i-prototype ye-karabhas-barabis ngokuchanekileyo, apho amagcisa ahamba khona. Uhlobo lohlobo lwePope Carlo ithathelwa ingqalelo njenge-Stantislavsky.
I-VSEvod Emilevich izamile amandla kunye ne-cinema. Kwiakhawunti yakhe 3 yefilimu, apho wazibonakalisa njengomlawuli nangomdlali. Kwimifanekiso ye-ribbon "i-dorian grey" wayedlale u-Inkosi Henry.
Ukunyaniseka kulawulo akuzange kube yidiploma "yokhuselo" kwi-Matra-phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1930 phezu kwamafu akhe aqhekekileyo. Uqikelele ikamva lakhe, kodwa akazange alisebenzise ithuba lokufuduka, ukwala ukuhlala eParis ngexesha lohambo.
Ngobusika bowe-1936, iphephandaba elithi "yinyani" ipapasha inqaku elibizwa ngokuba yi "Subur endaweni yomculo." I-Opera "inenekazi Macbeth Mtsensky County" yagxekwa, yanikwa i-shotakovich, kunye ne-aesthetics yakhe kunye "nokuthintela ukulula kunye nenyaniso. Kwaye wonke lo mbhali ubizwa ngokuba ngu "Meyereschina".
Ehlotyeni lonyaka omnye, itayitile yamagcisa e-rolk ye-USSR yanikwa i-Stanislavsky, neMirovich-Dachenko, Kachalov, Moskvin. Kuluhlu lwe-meyer enikiweyo alizange liphume. Umlawuli wakhawuleza wangqina ukuba 'wayengu "yakhe", eyayinyanisekile emandleni. Kwinqanaba, bekukhona malunga nelali yeefama ngokudibeneyo, amaqhawe amatsha agxothwa.
Nangona kunjalo, lo mmangaliso khange senzeke: ngoJanuwari 1938, iindwendwe zavalwa. Ukusuka kumlawuli ophathwayo nengqelelweyo, bonke ababekhe bamdumisa kwaye babenebhongo ngomntu othandanayo. Ubudlelwane neBoris Patrinak, amagcisa aliqela kunye nababhali bahlala befana.
NgoMeyi, uStanislavky wolulela isandla soncedo lwe-vsevod meill, ukumisela umphathi wentloko yendlu ye-opera.
Ukufa kukatitshala kunye nesithixo ekuqaleni kwe-Agasti ye-Agasti kujongwa njengedrama yobuqu kunye nebheji yengxaki. NgoJuni 1939 wabanjwa.
Ubomi Buqu
Iqabane lokuqala le-Olga Mints luthando lwesikolo lwe-vsevod u-Eilevich, olwatshata ngaphandle kwentando kamama ngonyaka wokuqala weyunivesithi-wazisa umyeni wakhe kwiintombi zakhe ezintathu. Amaqabane ahlala kwikomkhulu, endlwini kwi-Novinsky Boulevard.
Ndikunye nomfazi wangaphambili uSergei yeSenina Zifana wiida reich mat wadibana kwiNaryompros, apho asebenza khona njengonobhala. Umeme ubuhle ukuba abe yiworkshop yabafundi, eyayikhokelwa.
I-Olga Mount yasabela kwibhinqa eliselula elalinabantwana ababini abancinci beYesenin ezandleni, ngemfesane, bezamkelwe ekhaya ekhaya. Ngehlobo lowe-1922, iMilts nabantwana baya emazantsi. Xa ndibuya ekuphumleni kwabo, ndabona i-reipp yazinza endlwini. UOlga kwakufuneka ajonge indawo yokuhlala entsha.
Emva kwexesha, intombi yeZinaida Reich - iTatiana yeSenin - kwiizezila zakhe ngokungagungqiyo ibhala ukuba umama akazange azive uthando ngoMthetheli-ntsapho. Baye ke baqhakamshelana nemanyano yeholo yethiyetha, eyayikhokelele eyakhe imidlalo yeqonga, yavula icawa yeBohemia.
Kwiminyaka emi-5-6 kamva, reich yaba yindawo yemidlalo yeqonga. Kodwa ubomi bamaqabane kunzima ukufowuna, badlala isibini esigqibeleleyo ebantwini, kodwa iziphithiphithi zikaShakespeare zaphakanyiswa ngasemva kweengcango ezivaliweyo.
Ukufa
IZinaida Reich yabulala ngenkani kangangeentsuku ezingama-25 emva kokubanjwa kwe-meyer. Izaphuli-mthetho zingene ngefestile kwaye zabangela ukuba umntu obhinqileyo amanxeba ali-17.
Ngokutsho kwentliziyo enye, basiwa endlwini abaphangi, bathabathela umfazi, bakhalaza. Kwezinye, ukubulala kufihlakele njengokuphanga. Kutyhuwe, i-NKVD iphinde yaphindezela iParadesi ngento yokuba ngexesha lokubanjwa kweqabane awabatyhola abasemagunyeni ngokubulawa kweYeSenin.
I-Vsevodi Meerver Sasilele kwinkosikazi yakhe: Emva kokuhlukunyezwa kwenkukhu, watyholwa ngokusebenza ngentolongo yaseJapan. NgoFebruwari 1940 wadutyulwa kwenye yeziseko zeLubyanka. Uthuli lwatshisa kwingcwaba eliqhelekileyo kwi-don monastery.
Ngokutsho kolunye ulwazi, isizathu sokusweleka komlawuli sasingxwelerhitha emgqomeni ongcolileyo. Ngaphambi kwale meyinge, owashiya uNaval kubantu osebenza nabo, waphule iminwe ezabo ezandleni zabo. Kwifoto egcinwe entolongweni, kunokubonwa indlela i-vsselod iEmilvich ifikile kwaye yakhutshwa ngexesha lentolongo.
Umzukulwana waseMering, eMaria valentine, phakathi kwe-1950s efakwe kwingcwaba laseZinaida Reich kumangcwaba, isikhumbuzo esiqhelekileyo apho igama likatat'omkhulu lankqonkqozwa khona. NGO-1956 wakufezekisa ukulungiswa komlawuli. Malunga nendawo yokungcwatywa kwakhe, iValentine yafunda kuphela ngo-1987.
Embindini we-1980, ilizwe likanina likanina safumanisa iziko lobugcisa bemidlalo ebizwa ngokuba yi "Goill House".
Ithiyetha isebenza
- Ngo-1906 - "I-LILAL"
- Ngo-1917 - "Masquerade"
- Ngo-1918 - "i-mystery-buff"
- Ngo-1921 - "Umanyano Lobutsha"
- Ngo-1922 - "Ikhadibhodi ye-gnami"
- Ngo-1922 - "Ukufa kukaTarelkin"
- Ngo-1924 - "Utitshala Babi"
- Ngo-1926 - "ROE, China"
- Ngo-1929 - "klop"
- Ngo-1930- "Banya"
- Ngo-1931 - "Ukugqibela Ukuphononongwa"
- Ngo-1933 - "Intshayelelo"
- Ngo-1934 "Inenekazi elinoSokuya"
- Ngo-1935 - "33 Ukuqaqamba"
- Ngo-1935 - "Undwendwe lwamatye"