Biography
USimon Bolivar - Enye yeenguqu eziqaqambileyo kwimbali yehlabathi. Abahlali bokukhanya okutsha, umgaqo-nkqubo wegama luphawu lwentshukumo yenkululeko kumazwe ase-Latin American, amakholoni yangaphambili yaseSpain. UBolivar wayekholelwa ukuba ubukhoboka bumele butshazelwe, kwaye uninzi lwemveli lwalungenziwa kumalungelo okufumana ubomi obucekeceke.
Ubomi bokugqibela, iBolivar ifumene isihloko se "Americarator's Mjinini". Kwintlekele, ezopolitiko zinamahla anyukayo. Ngaphambi kokuba ukufa, wahlala ethembekile kwiimbono zakhe. Igama lakhe alifikanga egameni lelizwe - iBolivia, eyayisakuba yiSpanish yePeru.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
UBolivar wazalwa ngoJulayi 24, 1783 eCaracas. Igama elipheleleyo - uSimon José Antonio de la santisimad bolidad bolivar de la contepcion-and-pontealios-and-Blancoa. I-biographic Accounds zezopolitiko zisekiwe: Ookhokho benguqulo yexesha elizayo bafika eMzantsi Merika kwilizwe le-16. Abafuduki bangena ngempumelelo ebomini beSpanish Colonies kwaye kungekudala saqalisa ukuthatha inxaxheba kubomi bamajoni amatsha.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi kaSanta Simona, isihloko se-chasment, singavunyelwa kukumkani waseSpain. Utata kaSimon, uJuan Vincent Bolivar, wasomeleza imeko yosapho. Emva kokufa, abazali bakwaSimon bashiya indlalifa emincinci ukuba baye kulima, izityalo, izindlu, amakhoboka kunye nempahla yempahla. Kwakudla kuthelekiswa nemeko yezityebi zale mihla, iBolivar ingangena kuluhlu lweebhiliyoni zedola.
I-Syrota yazisa umalume uCarlos Palacios. Utitshala kwizifundo eziphambili yayisisithandi-sobulumko uSimon rodriguez. Wazinikezela uSimon oselula kwimbono ye-france's i-ranch kwaye icacisiwe ngokweenkcukacha malunga ne-rolobhus. Emva kokubaleka kukaRodriguez ngokuqeqesha uSimon, uNobhala weRhuluneli Jikelele Andres i-Andres inomdla. Enkosi kumcebisi, uSimon dibana nangezenzululwazi nge-Alexander Hubholst kunye ne-EmeBplan, eyanefuthe elinamandla kwiVidiyo yeHlabathi yeBolivaar yaselula.
Ngo-1799, abagcini babantwana benza isigqibo sokuthumela umfana ukuba bafundele igunya. IBolivar ithatha usapho lwasebukhosini. Uxhasa unxibelelwano nePrince Ferdinand, ukumkani wexesha elizayo waseSpain, oya kuthi kamva abe lutshaba lwezopolitiko.
Kwiminyaka emine kamva, ngo-1803, uSimon ufumana eFransi. Ifunda kwizifundo zeParis Polytechnic kunye nesikolo esiqhelekileyo esiqhelekileyo. Umzala wakhe fanny wanxibelelana ngenzondelelo ngentambo yasimahla. Kwisangqa sabo, uBolivar wangena, esabelana nabo ngezimvo eziqhelekileyo kwezopolitiko nakwehlabathi.
E-United States of America, utshintsho lwexesha elizayo luwela ngo-1805. Umzekelo wenkululeko ye-United States kumagunya aseBritane iba yimodeli yohlaziyo loMzantsi Merika. Bolivar phakathi kwabo. Uvunyiwe kwizimvo zakhe zezopolitiko. Umbono wokudala kumhlaba wamazwe aseLa Latin American I-United States yaseMelika yaseMelika iphambili kuye.
Umsebenzi wezopolitiko
Ngo-1810, iBolivar ithatha inxaxheba kwi-vripusco Miranda, ekhokelela eVenezuela enyakeni ukuvakalisa ukuzimela. Urhulumente waseSpain uzama ukubuyisela umhlaba wekoloniyeli. Ngo-1812, umkhosi kaVenezuela watshatyalaliswa, wathunyelwa uMiranda entolongweni. IBolivar ibaleka ukubaleka elizweni kwaye ifihla kwintsimi yeGrenada entsha.
Ngo-1813, uSimon, kunye nabavukeli, uququzelela ukomelela okutsha, nto leyo elawula ukuthatha umkhosi waseSpanish. IBolivar iba yiSahluko I-II yeRiphabhlikhi yeVenezuela kwaye ifumana isikhundla seLibetor. Kodwa emva konyaka, amaSpaniards alawula i-bolivar evela kwisixeko esikhulu saseVenezuela - caracas.
I-Oper ibongoza amagunya eGati kwaye ifumana inkxaso. Ngo-1816, iBolivar ifika eMzantsi Melika kwaye iqala ukutshintsha. Dlulisa ubukhoboka kwaye uvakalise ukukhutshwa kwamajoni omhlaba athatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe ukuze bakwazi ukuzimela.
Ngo-1818-1819, uSimon Bolivar, ngenkxaso yomkhosi wemikhosi, eseka ulawulo lwe-venezuela kunye neGrenada entsha. Ekupheleni kuka-1819, wanyulwa nguMongameli weRiphabhlikhi yeColumbia enkulu, eyayiquka imimandla yeColombia kunye neVenezuela.
Ngowe-1824, abaseSpaniards phantsi kwe-Naambirs bamaColombide ishiya imimandla apho i-ecuador, iPeru neBolivia sele ifumaneka. IBolivar iba nguDistotor wasePeru kwaye ngo-1825 chaza iRiphabliki yaseBolivia yenziwe nguye. Elinye ilizwe lihlala lithembekile kulo mbono-ukudala i-United States yaseMzantsi Merika, eyayiya kuba yinxalenye yentsimi yasePanama ukuya eChile.
UBolivar wazama ukumkhuthaza kwiCongress ekhethekileyo, kodwa ejongene nokudibana kwendawo yengingqi. Ifumana iimpawu zendlela yokudibana kweyona ndlela ye-Bonaphartist, kwaye kubizwa ngokuba uNapoleon omehlo akhe. Ukwenza intshukumo kwaphuhliswa ngokuchasene nomsebenzi, ngenxa yoko waphulukana namandla eBolivia nasePeru.
Ngo-1828, iBolivar kunye nomkhosi ingena kwi-bogeta, apho wenza khona indawo yokuhlala yomlawuli weColumbia. Kwakuloo nyaka, omnye wabahlobo uququzelela wazama kuye. IBolivar yommangaliso ivumela ukufa kwaye icinezela imvukelo. Ukuxabana kweBolivar yamandla kuyaqhubeka. I-Elite yeCaracas ivela kwiSebe leVenezuela evela eColombia. Umlawuli uphulukana nempembelelo kunye namandla elizweni. Ngo-1830, uyarhoxa.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-19, uSimon, ukuba seMadrid, ukudibana ne-Aristoct Maria tereria Rodriguez. Yena, njengeBolivar, inemvelaphi ye-creole. Emva komtshato, esi sibini sitshatileyo eVenezuela. Apha, umfazi kaSimon uyosulela i-fever yetyheli kwaye isweleke. Umsitho woyika kakhulu umfana, kwaye unika isifungo se-chibikelela.
Utshintsho ebomini bomntu lwenzeka ngo-1822, xa uBolivar wadibana neqabane lesibini lobomi ngexesha lokungena kwemikhosi kwi-ecuador ye-ecuador ye-ecuador yekomkhulu. Ngexesha lokuhamba kweKolon ezitratweni, ezele ngabantu, uLaurel Wumshuwa uyawa ezandleni zikaSimon. Inguqulelo yokuguqula ijongene nentombazana eneenwele ezimnyama emi kwi-balcony kunye neenkululeko ezamkelayo.
Kwangorhatya, uSimon noManuel Base badibana nebhola kwaye kuloo mzuzu bazama kunye. IkwanguRicolen, omncinci kangangeminyaka eli-12. Iimbono ezabelweyo kwinkululeko yemimandla yekoloniyali kwiLatin America. Xa uManuuela wadibana noSimon, wayetshatile noGqr .. Umfazi wayekholwa yindoda yakhe, ukuba yindoda elungileyo. I-SAAAN inomdla kwipolitiki.
UManuuula noSimon akazange abe ngumyeni nenkosikazi. Wafunga ukuba anganyanisekanga kumfazi ongasekupheleni, kwaye umyeni osemthethweni. Kuye, uBolivar wayenombulelo ngosindiso ngexesha lokuzama. Abantu emva kosindiso olumangalisayo lwenkokeli yabo baqala ukubiza iMbelly yeMjinumtha kaManuel.
Xa wayelahla isikhundla sikasongela, wayeqinisekile ukuba umshiye. Waqhubeka emthanda kwaye wabhala iileta ezivela eBotta, echaza iinkcukacha ngento eyenzekayo, malunga nendlela eya kuthi ga ngoku amaqabane omdlalo ngokungcamla ishishini lakhe. Emva kokusweleka kweManuel wakhe amthandayo. Bendihlala kwintlupheko kwaye ndazama ukuphila, ukuthengisa icuba kunye neelekese. Iileta ezityhidiweyo ukusuka kuSimon, kodwa zatshiswa ngexesha le-diphtheriamia. I-Sain Say isweleke kwisifo esinye kwaye wangcwatywa kwingcwaba eliqhelekileyo.
Kwakungekho abantwana abavela eBolivar.
Ukufa
USimon wamshiya iminyaka engama-47. Umsitho olusizi wenzeka nge-17 kaDisemba ngo-1830. Unobangela wokufa akakasungulwa: Ngokwenye ingcaciso-ukusuka kwi-tuberculosis, kwenye - ityhefu. UMongameli weVenezuela hugo chavez wazama ukubeka inqaku ngaphezulu "kunye". Isigqibo sokukhuthaza umzimba wenguqu kwenziwe.
Emva kohlalutyo lweDNA, zombini iinguqulelo zange bafumane isiqinisekiso. UHugo Chavez, ngaphandle kweziphumo, eqhubeka nokuxela ukuba intlawulelo yabulawa. Kwinkumbulo yeqhawe lentshukumo yenkululeko, uyayitshintsha igama lelizwe kwiBolivarian Republic yaseVenezuela.
UBolivar wathabatha ukufa kwipropathi yomnye umntu, hayi kude nesixeko saseSanta Marta. Ngaphambi kokufa, wala woba impahla kwaye wabulala ubuhlwempu. Mngcwabe kwimpahla yomnye umntu.
Emva kokufa, igama likaBolivar liyaqhubeka ukuba liphile ubomi bakhe. Phakathi kwezibakala ezinomdla kukho ulwazi malunga negama ngokulihlonipha uMgaqo-nkqubo weBonteroid Bolivian, Vula ngo-1911. Enye yezona zinto ziphakamileyo zentaba zehlabathi zikwaphethe igama lakhe - iBolivar Peak. I-Venezula Imali yiBolivari, kwaye imizobo yomgaqo-nkqubo ihombisa i-cabnotes yamahlelo ahlukeneyo.
Kwikomkhulu le-United States, iWashington, kukho isikhumbuzo se-bronze kuSimon Bolivar womfanekiso ofumileyo kaFeliks de Weldon. Ithathwa njengelitye lesikhumbuzo elikhulu le-teraterian kumgaqo-nkqubo kwiNtshona yeNtshona.
Kwimisebenzi yeefilimu zotshintsho zasuswa. Eyona nto idumileyo - "uSimon Bolivar" Alexander Blazetti of Albetti of Alberto Amberto Amberto Arvel, dut ngo-2013.