Biography
UCharles Bukowski ngumbhali waseJamani, imbongi, i-noveli, inkosi yamabali aqaqambileyo, yayinemisebenzi eqaqambileyo ye-United States yaseMelika Ngeminyaka yoo-1980 yenkulungwane yama-20. Ukumkani womhlaba ophantsi wapapashwa ngokubanzi kwiimpapasho ezishicilelweyo waza wakhulula iincwadi ezingaphezulu kwama-60 ezabangela ukuba abahlekisi baphendule kwabahlekisi kunye nabafundi ngexesha lokufa kwakhe emva kokuba efile.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UHeinrich Karl Bukkki wazalelwa eJamani nge-16 ka-Agasti, wayebizwa ngokuba ngu-Katharich abazali bakaKatharina Fet kunye noHeinrich Bukovsky ukuya eMelika kwakamsinya nje emva kokubonakala konyana. Ekuqaleni, le ntsapho yahlala eBaltimore, yaya eLos Angeles, kwilizwe lookhokho kumgca kayise. UCharles oselula wathetha isiNgesi kunye ne-Accoven eyomeleleyo yaseJamani, ebangela ukugculelwa kobubi kubantwana bendawo.
Ekhaya, inkwenkwe ikwangafumananga intuthuzelo nenkxaso, njengoko uTata wamvava umntwana ngokuziphatha nangokwasemzimbeni, ebeka isiphoso esincinci. Umama owayesoyika ukuzisa ingqumbo yomyeni wakhe, ukuthule wakhangela ukubandezeleka kuNyana wakhe.
Emva koko, xelela ngobuntwana bakhe kwifilimu yoxwebhu "Bukovsky: Uzalelwe ngolu hlobo", uCharles wenza isigqibo sokuba unyango luye lwalunceda ekuqondeni uhlobo lwebhayilo lomdlalo wokudala. Ukongeza, uxinzelelo, luthathelwe indawo ngumsindo, lwanika izwi kumbhali kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo zexesha elizayo.
Inkwenkwe endala ifumaneka ekufundeni, eyayishiya ishiyekile ebomini. Umntwana okwishumi elivisayo waya eLos Angeles High School, kwaye wachitha ixesha lakhe sasimahla. Ukukhula, wangena kwiKholeji yesixeko, apho wayetyelele khona izifundo kuncwadi, ubuchwephesha kunye nobugcisa.
Ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, uCharles waphosa i-York kwaye wafudukela eNew York, emva koko ePhiladelphia, apho, ngenxa yemvelaphi yaseJamani, iBokovsky ibambe iiarhente ze-FBI. Umbhali wexesha elizayo watyholwa ngokugxothwa ekomzini kwaye wasungulwa iintsuku ezili-17 entolongweni. Emva koko, uCharles wagqiba kwelokuba aye emkhosini, kodwa akaphumelelanga uvavanyo kwi-psychology kwaye wamkelwa ngokungafanelekanga kwinkonzo.
Amaphupha omsebenzi wokubhala ovela entlokweni kaBokovsky esebutsheni, kodwa amanyathelo okuqala kwincwadi eyazisa umbhali oneminyaka engama-24. Ukudandatheka. Emva kokusilela kwamabali aliqela ahlehliweyo, uCharles wakholelwa kwitalente yakhe kwaye wasuka ekuyileni kweshumi leminyaka, ebandakanyeka emsebenzini. Ngeli xesha, iBukowski ihlala isela kwaye iwuphelile umzimba ngokungabikho kwesondlo sesondlo esipheleleyo.
Ngenxa yoko, ngo-1955, umfana othile weza esibhedlele ngesilonda esibulalayo esibulalayo. Ukuphuma esibhedlele, uCharles akazange ashiye umkhwa owonakalisayo, kodwa kwakhona uthathe ipeni. Upapashe inani lemibongo kwi-Coyitic yodidi oluthothileyo, emva koko waqala ukusebenzisana ne-Nomad, epapashiweyo yenye yezona zincoko zidumileyo bukovsky "I-Menestostos".
Iincwadi
Ebutsheni bowe-1960, iBokovsky ihlala eLos Angeles kwaye isebenze ngeposi. Ngeli xesha, imisebenzi yakhe yayinomdla kwi "Hearse Printa" i-Edition, epapashe amabali amaninzi ababhali. Emva koko imibongo kaCharles yavela kwimagazini ebhalisiweyo "umphandle". Ukususela ngo-1967, uBukovsky wakhokelela kwikholamu yakhe kwiphephandaba elivulekileyo lesibini, amanqaku abasiba sisiseko sengqokelela ebizwa ngokuba "ngamanqaku ebhokhwe ebizwa ngokuba" ngamanqaku ebhokhwe ebizwa ngokuba "ngamanqaku ebhokhwe.
Ngo-1969, wasamkela isicelo ngentsebenziswano ukusuka kwi-sparrow emnyama icinezela indlu yokushicilela yaza yarhoxa emsebenzini ukuze azinikele ngokupheleleyo kubuchule. Ngaphantsi kwenyanga, wapapasha inoveli yakhe yokuqala ebizwa ngokuba "yimeyile". Le ncwadi yathandwa eYurophu yaza yazisa umbhali kwi-feme yehlabathi, iguqulelwa kwishumi leelwimi.
Abahleli beenkampani ezinkulu baphosa izindululo zeBokovsky, kodwa umbhali wahlala ethembekile kwizindlu ezincinci zokupapasha. Upapashe ukuqokelelwa kweemibongo kunye neencwadi ezi-2 zemisebenzi yohlobo oluncinci. "Izandla zobuqhetseba eziqhelekileyo" kwaye "oyena mfazi mhle esixekweni" wawunamabali obuyiibhayithi owomeleza impumelelo ye-charles kwaye walungisa umfundi ukuba angenelele "factotum".
Umbhali wagqiba isitayile sezihlanganisiweyo, esahlukileyo ziinkcazo zobomi babalinganiswa kunye nobuninzi bomthombo wepuzuko, ngamanye amaxesha amagama kunye neentetho ezihlanganisiweyo. Ngale ndlela yayiyinto efanayo uphawu kunye neproses, kunye nemibongo kwaye yaba ngabafundi abaziwayo abanomdla 'kwiinkcukacha ezingcolileyo. "
Ngesi sizathu, abaphulaphuli bahlangabezana ngenkuthalo ingqokelela yemibongo "mna kunye nexesha lakho lothando" kunye nenoveli "yabafazi". Enkosi kule misebenzi, uBukovsky waqala ukuthengisa kakuhle kwaye wafumana inkuthazo yokubhala ngakumbi.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970s-ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, uCharles wakhululwa iincwadi zemibongo ngaxeshanye kwaye wenza ukuba umbhali we-Autobiographical "owoyikekayo" "Isonka esine-ham". Kule ncwadi, iBkovsky yaguqukela ebuntwaneni ye-Ego yakhe ye-Ego Hinaasky kwaye yachaza ukungcungcutheka kukaBawo kunye nokungakhathali kukamama, owenze ngokwenene ekuqaleni kobomi bombhali.
UCharles wabuyela kumxholo kunye ne-Debauuuuplery Charles kwincwadi ethi "Umculo wamanzi ashushu", apho iziza eziqhelekileyo zazibunjiwe ngesisa sobuchwephesha obungaqhelekanga, kwaye zaqulunqa ngakumbi kwemibongo emininzi yemibongo.
Ngo-1989, uBukovsky wachaza inkqubo yokuzalwa kwefilimu "enxila" kwinoveli yaseHollywood, apho abadlali abadumileyo, abalawuli kunye nabahlohli baba ziiprototypes zabalinganiswa abaphambili. Umbhali ngokweenkcukacha kwaye wapeyinta inyani umfanekiso we-cinematographyphars, ukuyeka iimfihlo ezingathandekiyo zobomi kunye nempawu yeenkwenkwezi.
Umsebenzi wokugqibela wombhali yayiyinoveli "yenoveli", epapashwe ngo-1994, emva kokusweleka kukaBukuski. Lo mphononongo lwencwadi wahlukile kuwo onke imisebenzi yangaphambili nguCharles, ukungabikho kokubhekisa kwi-biography, kodwa igcinwe ingqumbo, ivulekile, kunye nabalinganiswa abakhanyayo nabangenakulibaleka.
Ubomi Buqu
Eselula, uBukovsky wakhokelela ebomini kwaye kungekho mthethweni. Ukunxila okungalawulekiyo kwabangela umbhali wexesha elizayo ngomtshato kunye notywala ogama linguJane Kuni Baker. Amaqabane ayehlala kunye okwethutyana, kodwa ulwalamano lwabo alunakubizwa kakubi, kamva iprosesi yaphinda yapeyinta umfanekiso wokuqala kumaphepha eMisebenzi yakhe.
Ngo-1955, uJane wanyamalala kwindawo ethe tyaba, kwaye uCharles waphila ngokusemthethweni ubomi beTexas Parbara Fry, kodwa uthando lwabo lwalufutshane. Emva koqhawulo-mtshato uBarbara waya eIndiya, apho kungekudala wasweleka kwiimeko ezingaqondakaliyo. Intombi elandelayo kaCharles yaba nguFrancis Smith, owayengangabi ngumfazi wombhali, kodwa wazala intombi yakhe uMaria Louise.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960, iBokovski yatshintsha yabasetyhini njengeigloves. Kwiminyaka eliqela wadibana nenkosi yaseLindar Linda, ubomi ovuthuzayo obahluleke ngokuxabana ngokusisigxina, ukufikelela kumlo. Ngokuhambelana nenoveli, uCharles wanxibelelana nabanye abantu basetyhini abaninzi kunokuba bambambile intombi, ababemshiya embhali kwaye bafudukela emzini, bafudukela kwenye idolophu, besuka emkhondweni kunye nexoki.
Kwakuvela eLinda King Bukukov owaqala inoveli ", eyatyhilela iinkcukacha ezisondeleyo ngobomi bakhe. Amanye amagorha e-Studiam Orgam ongumsebenzi wesandi sokurekhoda, obandezelekile kwi-Ambecher o'Neill, edla ngokutshaya, ohlala ngasekupheleni , NoYowakazi waseYoan, inkunzi ye-geatess, eyahlula umbhali oyingozi.
Ngezizathu ezingenakuqondakala kwinoveli, i-linda lee i-lae iqhube, umnini wayo ukutyela, owaba ngumfazi wokugqibela, ongumfazi wesithathu kaBukewki. UCharles waqhelana naye ngo-1976 ngexesha lokufunda esidlangalaleni kwaye phantse iminyaka emi-10 ubuxhasa ubudlelwane be-tround kunye neqabane lakho elizayo.
Ukufa
Ngo-1988, uBokovsky wafumanisa iLeudemia, eyayingunobangela wokufa kombhali ngo-Matshi 9, 1994. Kuba uCharles wayeqinisekile ukuba akakholelwa kuTixo, umngcwabo wawubanjwe ziimonki zamaBuddhist. Iintsuku ezimbalwa zokugqibela i-thesfism emdaka ebhedini kwindlu yakhe kufutshane neSan Diego, ejikelezwe yinkxalabo yendlela yeLinda yi indlela ye-Linda iMfazi weLinda iMfazi weLinda iMfazi weLinda iMfazi weLinda iMfazi weLinda iMfazi weLinda iMfazi weLinda iMfazi weLinda li.
Umsitho wokungcwaba wabanjwa kwiGreen Hard Park Park kwiPalos Verdez Rancho, eCalifornia. Kwilitye le-grivestone, iBokovsky, i-silhouette yomxokelelwane ibonakaliswa kwaye isihloko sombongo "musa ukuzama" kubhaliwe.
Iikowuti
"Xa woyisa inani elithile loncwadi olunesidima, kuyabonakala ukuba akusekho. Kuya kufuneka uzibhale ngokwakho ""Andibali ukuba wonke umntu uya kuba sisilumko, kodwa ngekhe sicinge ukuba abantu abaninzi baphosa i-inticocy kwi-aplub"
"Ukuba ukwazile ukukhohlisa umntu, oko akuthethi ukuba sisidenge - kuthetha ukuba uphumeze ngaphezu kokuba kufanelekile"
"Abantu banokuthanda kuphela ukuba ababazi kakuhle"
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1969 - "amanqaku ebhokhwe yakudala"
- Ngo-1971 - "Iposi"
- Ngo-1973 - "emazantsi ngaphandle kwemiqondiso yasemantla"
- Ngo-1975 - "prototum"
- Ngo-1978 - "Abafazi"
- Ngo-1982 - "Isonka EsineHam"
- Ngo-1983 - "Amabali Obuhlanya"
- Ngo-1983 - "Oyena Mfazi mhle esixekweni"
- Ngo-1989 - "IHollywood"
- 1994 - "Maculatura"