Biography
Umbhali waseFransi, uEssura noFlowwerwwript Camo wayengummeli woncwadi wesizukulwana sakhe. Ukuthambisa ngeengxaki zentanda-bulumko yentsingiselo yobomi kunye nokukhangela kwimilinganiselo yokwenene ebonelelwe kumbhali inqaku lehlelo phakathi kwabafundi kwaye lazisa amabharha avela kwiNcwadi engama-44.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAlbert Cami wazalwa nge-7 kaNovemba ngo-1913 kuMondevvy, iAlgeria, emva koko yayiyinxalenye yeFrance. Utata wakhe - isiFrentshi wabulawa ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, xa uAlberia wazaliseka ngonyaka omnye. Umama wenkwenkwe, iSpanish ngemvelaphi, wakwazi ukubonelela ngengeniso kunye nezindlu ezikwindawo ehlwempuzekileyo e-Algeria enkosi ngomsebenzi ongafanelekanga.
Ubuntwana buka-Albert babuhlwempuzekile kwaye bunelanga. Ubomi eAlgeria bamenza uCami baziva betyebile ngenxa yemozulu yobushushu. Ukugweba ngengxelo ye-camus, 'wayehlala kubuhlwempu, kodwa evuya kakhulu. " Ilifa lakhe laseSpain liye lamvelela kukuzithemba kubuhlwempu kunye nenkanuko yembeko. U-Cami waqala ukubhala esemncinci.
Kwiyunivesithi yase-Algeria, wayefunda kakuhle ifilosofi - ixabiso kunye nentsingiselo yobomi, egxininisa ekuthelelweni kobungqina nobuKristu. Ngelixa umfundi, lo mfo wamisa ithiyetha, kwangaxeshanye wakhokelela kwaye edlala. Ngo-17, uAlberta wagula sisifo sephepha, esingamvumenga ukuba abandakanyeke kwimidlalo, imisebenzi yasemkhosini kunye nokufundisa emkhosini. U-Cami wasebenza kwizikhundla ezahlukeneyo ngaphambi kokuba lintatheli ngo-1938.
Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala eyapapashwa yayiyindlala kwaye ijongene nobuso "ngo-1937 kunye" nomthendeleko "ngo-1939 - ingqokelela yentsingiselo yobomi kunye nolonwabo, kunye nokungabinantsingiselo. Uhlobo lweleta ka-Albert Camus uphawula umsantsa nge-bourgeois yendala yendabuko. Uhlalutyo lwakhe olunomdla lwengqondo kunengxaki yefilosofi.
I-Camis iphuhlise umbono wobudenge, obonelela ngesihloko uninzi lwemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala. Ubudenge yinzonzobila phakathi komnqweno womntu owonwabileyo kunye nehlabathi, ukuba angayiqonda ngobuchule, kunye nehlabathi lokwenyani elingoyikiweyo kwaye lingasebenzi. Inqanaba lesibini leengcinga zaloo ngxelo zaphakama kwasekuqaleni: umntu akufuneki athabathe nje indalo engekho phantsi kwendalo, kodwa kwakhona 'nokuvukela' kwakhe. Olu nyulo alunguye kwezopolitiko, kodwa egameni lamaxabiso emveli.
Iincwadi
Ukusuk 'kokuqala kwamaRoma "Ukugculela", kupapashwe ngo-1942, wanikela kwinkalo engeyiyo yomntu. Incwadi isixelela ngomabhalana oselula ogama linguMerso, ongumlinganiswa webali kunye nomlinganiswa ophambili. UMerso Airger kuzo zonke iimvakalelo zabantu ezilindelekileyo zabantu, "ulinyanisa" ebomini. Intlekele yenoveli ityhilwe elunxwemeni xa igorha libandakanyekile kwingxabano alikho kwityala layo, lifihla iAraba.
Inxalenye yesibini yenoveli inikezelwe kwinkundla yakhe ukuba ibulale kwaye isigwebo kwisigwebo sentambo, esiqondayo malunga nendlela awayixhelayo uAraba. UMerso unyanisekile kwinkcazo yeemvakalelo zakhe, kwaye kukunyaniseka okusenza ukuba "ngumntu ongaqhelekanga" kwihlabathi kwaye uqinisekisa ukuqiniseka. Imeko ngokubanzi ifanekisela ubunyani bobomi, kwaye le mpembelelo iphuculwe yindlela eyi-flet kunye nembono engenabala.
U-Cami wabuyela e-Algeria ngo-1941 wagqiba incwadi yakhe elandelayo "Intsomi malunga neSysiff", epapashwe ngo-1942. Esi sisincoko sefilosofi malunga nobume bobomi obungenantsingiselo. Umlinganiswa wentsomi uSisif, wagwetywa ngonaphakade, ephakamisa ilitye elinzima entabeni kuphela kangangokuba waphinda waphakamisa. I-SISIA iba luphawu loluntu kwaye kwimigudu yayo engapheliyo izuzisa uloyiso oluthile olulusizi.
Ngo-1942, wabuyela eFrance, uMyili wangena kwiqela elithi "Ukuxhathisa" kwaye wabandakanyeka kubuncinci beMurnalismsm 'kwi "Mfazwe" ngo-1944, xa waba ngumhleli wephephandaba "iminyaka emi-3. Ngeli xesha, amadlala akhe okuqala afakwa: "Kwangoko" ngo-1944 kwaye "uCaligula" ngo-1945
Indima ephambili kumdlalo wokuqala wadlalwa ngumdlali we-Aria Kazares. Ukusebenza nge-cami efudukele kulwalamano olunzulu kubude kwiminyaka emi-3. UMariya wahlala ebudlelwaneni obunobuhlobo noAlbert ekufeni kwakhe. Umxholo ophambili wokudlala yayingumonde wobomi kunye nokuphela kokufa. Kwakumdlalo wentshatsheli eyayiziva iphumelele kakhulu.
Ngo-1947, uAlbert wapapasha isibetho sakhe sesibini ". Ngeli xesha, uCami egxile kwicala elifanelekileyo lomntu. Ukuchaza uhlaselo lwentsomi yesibetho se-orage kwisixeko saseOra saseOran, waphinda wajonga isihloko sezinto ezingekho ngqiqweni, eboniswe kukungabi nangqondo kwaye kungafuneki kufe nesibetho nokufa.
Umbalisi, uGqirha Rie, wachaza indlela awayenyanisekile ngayo "ngokunyaniseka" - lo ngumntu osindise amandla omlinganiswa kwaye uyazama, nokuba awuphumelelanga, lwa nokuqhambuka kwesi sifo.
Kwinqanaba elinye, inoveli inokuqwalaselwa njengengcinga yokuba ngumsebenzi waseJamani eFransi. "Isifo" safumana ubuqaqawuli babafundi njengophawu lomzabalazo wobubi kunye nokubandezeleka - iingxaki eziphambili zokuziphatha.
Incwadi ebalulekileyo ye-cam ibiyindoda enemvukelo. " Ingqokelela iquka imisebenzi emi-3 ebalulekileyo yombhali, ngaphandle kokuba kunzima ukuyiqonda imbono yayo yokufikelela esiphelweni. Kumsebenzi, ubuzwa imibuzo: Yintoni inkululeko nenyaniso, enomntu onyanisekileyo wokwenene. Ubomi eCams sisiphithiphithi. Kwaye kufanelekile ukuvela ivutha ukuze uphile ngokwenyani.
Ubomi Buqu
Nge-16 kaJuni, 1934, uCami watshata noSimone Hee, owayekhe waba ngumhlobo wombhali uMax-fuchee. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi bobuqu obuquyo babantu abasanda kutshata bathathe ixesha nje elincinci - esi sibini sahlukana ukuya kuthi ga nge-1936, kwaye uqhawulo-mtshato lwagqitywa ngoSeptemba 1940.
Nge-3 kaDisemba ngo-1940, utshatile uFrancine Francis, uBinist kunye notitshala weMathematics, owadibana ngo-1937. Nangona uAlber wayethanda inkosikazi yakhe, akakholelwa kumtshato wesiko. Ngaphandle koku, isibini sasinamaphepha angama-Twin Catherine noJean, bazalwa ngoSeptemba 5, 1945.
Ukufa
Ngo-1957, amabhaso kaNobel kwincwadi yemisebenzi yakhe yafunyanwa nguNobel Page. Kwakuloo nyaka, uAlbert waqalisa ukusebenza kwinoveli yesine ebalulekileyo, kwaye wayeza kuba ngumphathi weqonga elikhulu leParis.
NgoJanuwari 4, 1960, wasweleka kwingozi yemoto kwidolophu encinci yaseVillevin. Umbhali wayeneminyaka engama-46 ubudala. Nangona abaninzi bacebisa ukuba unobangela wokufa kombhali yayize ingozi ehlelwe ngamabhunga, akukho bungqina bale nto. Umous wasindisa umfazi nabantwana bakhe.
Omnye umsebenzi wakhe wapapashwa ngokudumileyo wathi: "Ukufa koyolo", kubhaliwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1930, kwaye wapapashwa ngo-1971, kunye no "Umntu" wokuqala wabhala i-COI yexesha lokufa kwakhe. Imeko yombhali yaba yinto elahlekileyo yoncwadi, kuba kwakufuneka abhale imisebenzi kwindawo yobudala obuqolileyo kunye nokwandisa i-biography yakhe yokuyila.
Emva kokusweleka kuka-Albert Cami, abalawuli behlabathi basehlabathini lonke bakhupha imisebenzi yaseFransi ukuba babhabha. Sele kukho iifilimu ezi-6 ezisekwe kwiincwadi zesithandi-sobulumko, kunye nembali enye yobugcisa apho iikowuti zombhali zinikiwe kwaye imifanekiso yayo yokwenyani iyaboniswa.
Iikowuti
"Kwisizukulwana ngasinye, senzelwe ukuba uziqwalasele yona ukuze uqiniseke ihlabathi" "Andifuni ukuba nobuchule, ndizama ukuba yindoda nje" "yokwazisa ngento esiya kuyenza Fi, uguqula ubomi bethu kwi-joke "" uhambo njengeyona nzululwazi inkulu kwaye imbi kakhulu isinceda kwakhonaI-Bibliography
- Ngo-1937 - "Ukutshintshiselana kunye nobuso"
- Ngo-1942 - "Ukubhinqisa"
- Ngo-1942 - "Intsomi ESISYFF"
- Ngo-1947 - "Isibetho"
- Ngo-1951 - "ipayi ebomvu"
- Ngo-1956 - "Niwe"
- Ngo-1957 - "Ukubuk 'iindwendwe"
- Ngo-1971 - "Ukufa Wonwabile"
- Ngo-1978 - "Idayari yokuhamba"
- 1994 - "Indoda yokuqala"