Biography
U-Yang van Iyk ngummeli oqaqambileyo wobugcisa obubonakalayo we-epoch ye-enaissance yaseMantla. Umculi waseDatshi ubeka isiqalo obizwa ngokuba ngu "ART NOVA". Wayephakathi kwababhali bokuqala abasayiniweyo. Umsebenzi wakhe wabona iinkcukacha zemifanekiso kunye nokuchaneka okukhulu, ukunyanzelwa kweengcali ukuba zicinge ukuba umzobi usebenzise izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo emsebenzini.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-biegraphy yomlindi ihlala iyimfihlakalo, njengoko ingafunyaniswanga amaxwebhu aqinisekisa iinyani ezininzi. Abaphandi bahlala kuphela ukuba benze iingcinga kunye nokwakha iziqhushumbisi. Umzekelo, umhla ochanekileyo wokubonakala kukaJan Whang Eyka ayaziwa. Kukholelwa ukuba uzalelwe kwixesha elivela kwi-1385 ukuya kwi-1390 iminyaka. Ilizwe lakhe linokuba yidolophu ebizwa ngokuba yiMaskiik okanye kwenye indawo yokuhlala ephondo, i-Limburg. Namhlanje zombini izixeko zingomhlaba weBelgium.
Umculi odumileyo wavelisa nabazalwana irhuluneli negumbi lasebukhosini, kunye nodade wabo uMargarita. Funda iimbambano ezininzi ngegama leRhuluneli Wang Eyka. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba i-upeling yana yazifunda. Umkhuluwa okhulileyo wadlula kwindibano yakhe kwaye wathatha inxaxheba ekudalweni kwemisebenzi ethile.
Abaphandi bacebisa ukuba uhlobo "lwe-Daet losapho" linokuphumelela. Kodwa ngokuchaseneyo, bahlala bebeka iinguqulelo ezazingazibandakanyi kulo msebenzi weWang Eyka kwaye azinakubakho kwaphela. Inyani yile yokuba ezi ncwadi kunye nemithombo ihlala iphazamisa, ke akukho lula ukwakha umfanekiso oqinisekileyo weziganeko.
Umsebenzi wokuqala womculi awuzange ugcinwe, kodwa kukho isiqinisekiso sokuba umsebenzi wakhe waqala ngo-1422. Ngeli xesha, uJan van I-Eyk waba ngumthambisi wenkundla yegrafu i-jonna III wavaria kwaye wayehlala eHague. Ngokwemigangatho yanamhlanje, umculi wayesemncinci, kodwa inkosi ngobuchule ingayifumana le meko. Ngexesha, i-porratist ikwazile ukufumana abafundi nakwisikolo sakhe.
Ukupeyinta
Indlela yombhali ye-yana ivan eyka yayingumntu oqiqayo kwiXesha eliPhakathi ekudibaneni nenyaniso. Ababhali-mbali babhiyozela kwimisebenzi yomculi we-artist yimisebenzi yeTomason Da Modena kunye neRobert Campen. I-Verintali van ye-ivale imangalisiwe abalandeli ngokuchaneka okumangalisayo, umfanekiso oqinisekileyo wezinto kunye nokukhanya.
Abanye ababhali-mbali abobugcisa bacebisa ukuba umzobi uqalise umsebenzi wokuyila onamandla. Ubhaliso lwakhe lubangelwa ngumsebenzi 'womngcwabo "kunye' nokuthinjwa kukaKristu elugcinweni", hla 1415-1417 iminyaka. Enye yezona misebenzi idumileyo yomculi yayisisibingelelo esineBelgian, eSt. Bahloni bakaSt Bavon. I-Polyptihi iqukethe i-12 ye-Oak imifanekiso. Kukholelwa ukuba uJan wasebenza kuye kunye nomntakwabo umntakwabo.
Umsebenzi wawuswa eluntwini ngo-1432. Ichaza usuku lokusazisa, nguGabriel kwintombazana enyulu nto uMariya. Ikwabonisa noJohn Evangelis kunye noYohane umbhaptizi. Ingaphakathi lesibingelelo "kukunqulwa kwetakane", imeko yomhlaba esebenza ngenkcukacha zeVan i-Eyke edalwe ngokuchanekayo. Imizobo engummelwane ibonisa uAdam noEva, iingelosi kunye noYise.
Umzobo ohlawule ekhethekileyo kwizihloko zenkolo kwaye uhlala ubonakalisa uMadanzo. Umsebenzi wokuqala wale ndlela yayiyi "Madonna ngomntwana, okanye iMadonna phantsi kwe-canopy", yomhla we-1433. Kunyaka emva koko, i-van ye-eny yadalwa "Madominika Van Dele" kwaye ngo-1436 watyhila i-ronllane yoluntu ", ethathwa njengesona sidalwa sithethwa ngumbhali. Ngo-1439, "I-Madona's's Tontana" yaphuma phantsi kwebrashi yakhe.
Njengelifa lemveli iveni yashiya imizobo emininzi eyenziwe ngemeko ethatyathiweyo kunye nokuchaneka kwemizobo. Indlela yakhe engachazwanga yakhokelela eqingqiweyo ukuba umculi usebenzisa izixhobo ze-faks, ukuvumela ukuba udlulise ngokuchanekileyo amachaphaza omntu ngamnye obonakalisiweyo.
Unokuqiniseka ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uqiniseke ukuba iyayazi imisebenzi yakhe: "Imifanekiso yendoda ebomvu", "i-Pretrait ye-Margaret Van iyok". Okokugqibela, uGiovanni Arnoffini kunye noMtshakazi wakhe - umfanekiso, ongaphantsi kwesibingelelo sesini.
Eyona nto iphambili yomsebenzi kaWang eyka yayikukuba waqala ukubonakalisa amagorha kwibhanti, kwaye engabizi, kwaye emva kwe-3/4. Umculi ujolise kubuntu bomlinganiswa ngamnye ogqityiweyo.
Inyaniso enomdla: Abanye abaphandi bayaphikisana ukuba wang zyke wayeyindoda evule ipeyinti yeoyile. Wayengenguye onguvulindlela, kodwa aphembelele ukusekwa kolu lwalathiso kubuGcisa boBugcisa. Mhlawumbi, i-porraitist yenza uhlobo olutsha lomxube, oquka amaqondo obushushu. Izibane zepeyinti yomculi ongumculi ichaza le meko.
Ngenxa yempilo yokwenziwa komsebenzi we-wang ilki ijongene nayo iyonke inomqondiso we-spin kunye nenqaku elibonakalayo. Imbono esetyenziswe kwincwadi yomsebenzi ngokukhanya, yenza isiphumo seplastiki esikhethekileyo.
Ubomi Buqu
UJan van uyatshata. Ngobomi bakhe obuqu, kunye nemvelaphi, yaziwa kancinci. Kwi-1430, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, umzobi wafumana iibhulethi, apho wathenga indlu. Ngo-1434 kwintsapho, izibulo zavela, uMattheta woThixo yayinguDulip yasePhilip III. Abaphandi baqinisekisa ukuba iVany Yuka yayinabantwana abayi-10.
Ngembonakalo yeqabane lomlingane wabaphandi abagibi bagwetywa ngumfanekiso odalwe nguye. U-Yang wabhala umfanekiso kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba afe kwaye, kubonakala ukuba, yayiza kuzisa iqabane lomhla wokuzalwa. Ibhinqa elisemfanekisweni alifuneki. UMargaret wayenomtsalane, kodwa imbonakalo yakhe igcina itywina lobungakanani kunye nobunzulu.
Kunomdla wokuba lo mfanekiso umfazi womculi emva kokusweleka kwakhe wadluliselwa ngumbutho wamagcisa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngenkulungwane ye-18, umbutho wathi kuye ukutyelela uluntu ngomhla kaLuka uLuka-iholide yesizwe yamagcisa. Lo mfanekiso uthathwa njengesampulu yezakhono.
Ukufa
UJan Van Eyk wasweleka nge-9 kaJulayi, i-1441 eBurgere, apho wachitha usuku lonke. Unobangela ngqo wokufa womculi awugutyungelwanga. Ingcwaba lakhe lalikwindawo yeCawa yaseSt. Doaaciana kufutshane nendlu yomdwebi.
Ngonyaka emva kokufa, umntakwaBayana ka-Iyana, uLafar, wacela i-duke imvume yokuphinda ubonakale emzimbeni wang Eykwa kwaye wafumana imvume. Ngapha koko, i-patron ibingelela umxholo wobomi bomhlolokazi.
Ukupeyinta
- 1432 - "Isibingelelo Esihle"
- I-1433 - "umzobo wendoda ebomvu turban"
- I-1433 - "Madonna Nomntwana" "
- I-1434 - "I-PORTRAIT ye-arnolphin amane"
- I-1435 - "Amadoda AmaPordef Anemisebenzi"
- I-1436 - "Madonna Cappllor rollane"
- I-1437 - "ingcwele engcwele"
- I-1438 - "ICawe kaKristu"
- I-1439 - "I-PROGRAIT ye-Margaret Van iyok"
- 1440 - "Imifanekiso kaKristu"