Biography
I-Claude Debussy yenye yezona zinto zityhutyhekileyo zeFrance zakudala ze-19 ukuya kwele-19 ukuya kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ilungu loluntu "le-ART ROOEV", abangazange bazazi izithethe zeklasi, baba ngumbhali wemisebenzi emininzi kwaye yamkelwe ngummeli oyintloko wesebe lomculo waseYurophu.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Ashil Claude Debussy yazalelwa kumantla-ntshona eParis yeParis ngo-Agasti ka-Agasti ngo-Agasti kaMagaul-achilla biz-xess mouri. Kude kube ngu-1870, usapho lwexesha elizayo lwahlala kwikomkhulu laseFransi, emva koko lwafudukela e-Canes, kwindlu yezalamane kumgca woomama. Apho, uClaude omncinci waqala ukuqeqesha umdlalo kwipiyano phantsi kweliso le-Italiyane iJean Cherutti.
I-Debussy yajika yaba ngumfundi onetalente kwaye esemncinci ifake i-paris yogcino, apho wafunda khona ubuchule bokudlala izixhobo zekhibhodi, i-Solfeggio, ukwakhiwa kwethiyori. Ngo-1874, uClaude wafumana iprimiyamu ekuphumezeni ikhonsathi ye-chopin kwaye wafumana igama njengepiyanisi entle.
Ngexesha leholide yehlobo, i-1879 i-Dumbessy yonwabisa iindwendwe zenqaba ye-Schononso kwaye yakhawuleza ilukhuni. Kunyaka kamva, ndikhangela ubomi obuhle, lo mfana wafumana imvumi kunye notitshala kwiofisi kaPeter Illich Tchaich Tchaich Triich Tecc, kunye neminyaka emi-2 ehamba eFrance, i-Switzerland, e-Itali naseRussia. Ngo-1882, uClaude waqamba i-mineure "ye-ballade À laune", "Madrid, ePrincesse despagnes" kunye ne-piano "iTrio Sub"
Ugcino lwe-Debussi luye lwabangela ingqumbo yootitshala, iphazamisa iingceba zeklasi. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1884, wafumana ibhaso "lamaRoma laseRoma elithi" L'-L'ment "luphawu" kwaye laqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Itali. Umculo wasekhaya awuzange ukhuthaze uClaude, owayekhetha ukuba adibane neengcinga zakhe zokuyila, ngaphandle kwempembelelo yoogxa boogxa bakhe.
Yiyo loo nto imisebenzi yexesha lobomi base-Italiya ye-bisy, ngokweekhontrakthi zemfundo, eziboniswe kulondolozo, ootitshala bafunyanwa bengaqhelekanga, iinqanawa kunye nokungaqondakali. Ukubuyela eParis, uClaude waphulukana ne "Inkululeko yomculo", ukubetha impembelelo yeengoma ze-richard wagner, kodwa kwakamsinya, kodwa kwaphela kwabona ukuba ubuchule beJamani baseJamani babengenalo elizayo.
Umculo
Imisebenzi yokuqala ye-Dubsy yayibulawa izihlandlo ezininzi esidlangalaleni, kodwa ayizange imkhusele impumelelo enkulu kunye nokuthandwa. Ngaphandle koku, oogxa ababambeleyo baqonda italente yombhali oselula kwaye ngo-1893 bamkela kwiKomiti yoMculo kaZwelonke, apho kwazisa umculo we-maurice kuphela.
Kwakuloo nyaka, umcimbi kwenzeka ukuba unexabiso eliphambili kwindalo yokuyila ye-gussy. Umqambi watyelela i-Premiere yomdlalo kwi-MAURICE Merice Meterlinka "Pelleas neMelizanda" kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba leseti ye-operare iphinde izalwa ngohlobo oluhlala luhleli. Kungekudala uDumbissi wafumana imvume yombhali waseBelgian ukuze alungelelanise umsebenzi kwaye, ngaphandle kokuphulukana nexesha, waqalisa ukusebenza.
Imizobo ephambili yomqambi wexesha elizayo ogqityiweyo ngoDisemba 1894. Kwangelo xesha, umbongo we-symphony upoem preupege "Ukuzonwabisa kwemini kaFavna" kungeniswa kwinkampani yomculo wesizwe ", efumene ukwamkelwa esidlangalaleni.
Ngo-1900, uClaude waqala ukutyelela iintlanganiso zoluntu olungekho sesikweni "les Appassies", nto leyo eyayiquka amagcisa aselula, iimbongi, abagxeki kunye neemvumi "ze-Artional". Amalungu amaninzi alo mbutho ayezinyaswe yi-Orchestral "i-Nokturnov" ebizwa ngokuba "ngamafu", "umnyhadala". Uphengululo lwalo msebenzi lwalubonakala: Abanye abagxeki babekholelwa ukuba umqambi wenza inyathelo elikhulu emva, abanye bancoma amandla, umtsalane, impilo ebalaseleyo yombhali.
Ukususela ngo-1898, uClaude wasebenza kummiselo we-opera we-biput kunye neengxoxo ze-LED kunye nobunkokeli bendawo yemidlalo ye-paris ebusweni kunye ne-albert carre. Ngenxa yoko, ngoAprili 1902, "i-Otéra-Comique" yayiphethe i-preefere ye "Pelleas kunye neMelisasda", ezahlula-hlula abantu abalandeli kunye nabagxeki.
Nangona uluvo lomsebenzi omtsha we-Dusisy wayengcungcutheka, i-opera ngokukhawuleza yathandwa yaza yamenza umbhali ngomyalelo wemiyalelo yasemikhosini, eyaziwayo eFrance namanye amazwe eYurophu. I-Vocal Priing yapapashwa ngoMeyi 1902, kwaye ukupapashwa ngokupheleleyo kwamanqaku kwapapashwa ngo-1904.
Ngo-1905, eParis, uDussissi waqalisa umsebenzi woSlemn "waselwandle", ophinda wafumana imbambano ebuncinane nobuchule bomqambi. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1900, ukwakhiwa kolawulo kudla ngokubonakala kwiinkqubo zekonisathi kwilizwe lazo nasekunyenyameni. I-Suite "Ikona yabantwana" kunye neziqwenga zakhe "ukudanisa ikhephu" kunye "Nalusini Onamidlalo" osetyenziswa ngokukhethekileyo.
Ukwamkelwa koluntu lutyhile i-gussy yokusebenza. Ngo-1910-1913, umqambi wenza owona mdlalo udumileyo wepiyano, indawo ekhethekileyo ethatyathwe "yindlela", equlethe iincwadana ezinemigca yeflassi "kunye" nethaleji yemihla yokuKhanya kweLunar. "
Ngo-1914, uClaude waqala ukusebenza kumjikelo wee-sonatas ezi-6 zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa isifo esibulalayo sathintelwa ngokumgqibezela ngokupheleleyo. I-Masterpiece Debasssi yayingumsebenzi we-violin nepiyano, ebhalwe ngo-1917.
Ubomi Buqu
Kwiminyaka yokufunda kwi-Debissorvatory, imvakalelo yothando eyomeleleyo yavavanywa. Inkanuko yakhe yayingumfundi weklasi yokucula ogama linguMarie, owayetshatele kwi-paint younts yeemvumi eziselula uHenri vasnya. Kungekudala le ntombazana yaba yinkosikazi yakhe kunye nommangalelwa, obu buhlanga bakhe baqhubeka iminyaka esi-7.
Ngo-1890, uMarie walalanisa nobudlelwane obunengxaki kwaye wabuyela kwiqabane lakhe. Ukususela kuthando loMqambi, iingoma ezingama-27 zashiywa zinikezelwe kumdlali omuhle, okokugqibela kwendlela yokwakhiwa kwe-mandolin.
Kungekudala emva kokuhlukanisa neMadame Vänaja Claude yahlangana nentombi yomthungi ovela kwiLizor kwiLizor, eyayibizwa ngokuba yiGabriel Durip. Kwiminyaka emi-3 emva kokuqala kobudlelwane bukaClaude noGabi, ubomi obuhlanganisiweyo eParis baqala. Kwangelo xesha, uDlassi waqala inoveli enemfoloko teresa roger kwaye ngo-1894 wanikela ngokusemthethweni ngokusemthethweni. Abahlobo kunye nabantu endibaziyo bagwebe indlela yokuziphatha emzimbeni kumqambi kwaye ndinegalelo ekuphelisweni kolu nqobo.
Kwiminyaka emi-5 kamva, ekugqibeleni, watshata umhlobo wakhe uMarie-Rosalie. I-Text kwi-Illy ye-lilly. Inomdla kukuba imvume yomqambi womtshakazi yaba phantsi kwesoyikiso sokuzibulala. Iqabane elincinci lalithandana, lisebenza ngokuchanekileyo kwaye lithe tye, wayethanda kakhulu abantu abangqonge i-dusyy.
Nangona kunjalo, uLilly akazange akhanye nengqondo kwaye engawuqondi ngokupheleleyo umculo, ke uClaude, unxanelwe kubudlelwane be-sublime, wathumela iqabane labazali kwaye laqala inoveli imvumi etshatileyo. Umfazi osemthethweni womqambi wafunda ngomvavanyi kwaye wazama ukuzibulala. Lo mthetho wakhokelela kwisikali esidlangalaleni esihlutha i-Debussi ukuba ixhase kwaye ihlonipha amaqabane kunye nabahlobo.
Ngo-1905, umthandi okhulelwe ngoClaude washiya umyeni wakhe, kwaye isibini sawa kumagqabantshintshi kawonkewonke eLondon. Xa iincoko zihlisiwe, abathandi babuyela eFrance kwaye bathenga indlu eParis kwi-Avenue Fort, apho intombi yomqambi yazalwa, efumene igama le-EMMA kunye negama lesidlaliso elithambileyo shushu. Iminyaka emi-3 emva kokuba efumene umntwana, i-Bardak kunye ne-Dubsy utshatile kwaye bachitha besele besentlumini yobomi.
Ayiziwa ukuba i-Debussy yamthanda umntu othile. Uxakeke ngumculo, akazange acinge ngobomi bakhe obuqu. Kungacinga ukuba umqambi wayenemvakalelo efudumeleyo yentombi yakhe, eyaba yinto yeefoto ezininzi ezifunyenwe kwindawo yogcino lwaseFransi odumileyo.
Ukufa
Ngo-1908, umhlaza we-bisgussi, umhlaza wobutyebi, emva koko unobangela wokufa komqambi, ochithe iminyaka eli-10 kumlo ochasene nentlungu eyoyikekayo. Ngo-1915, oogqirha basebenza kwiClaude, kodwa umphumo wokuphucuka kwezethutyana kuphela.
Xa isifo sibuyele umva, indoda edumileyo yaseFrensi idume iqhubeka nokubhala umculo kwaye yenze iikonsathi, okokugqibela wabonakala eluntwini kwi-Nyatatata ye-viano ye-Vianor 1917.
Ebutsheni be-1918, uClaude waceba ukulala kwaye wahlala kuphela enkosi kuphela kwinkxalabo yomfazi kaEma nentombi kaShushu. Unyango alusancedisi, kwaye ngoMatshi 25, 1918, uDumbesy wasweleka eParis, endlwini yakhe nge-avenuenuenuenu.
Iziganeko zeMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala yathintelwa umngcwabo onyanisekileyo. Umzimba womqambi ophethwe kwizitrato zeMetropolitan ezingenanto kwaye wangcwatywa okwethutyana kumangcwaba akwiLashez ngeLashez. Le ndawo ichasene nentando yokugqibela yomntu oswelekileyo, eyayifuna ukuphumla ", emva konyaka ibhokisi ye-Debsy idluliselwe kwi-Pobisy ebhankini, kufutshane nehlathi le-bouuglene.
Imisebenzi yomculo
- I-1882 - Suite "Uloyisile Vaka"
- I-1882 - i-nocturne kunye ne-syerzo ye-violin kunye nepiyano
- 1887 - Suite "Intwasahlobo"
- I-1891 - I-Suprie "i-FAVNA"
- 1893-1895 - I-Opera Plelleas kunye neMelizanda
- 1994 - "Imifanekiso"
- Ngo-1906-1908 - Suite "Ikona yabantwana"
- I-1910-I-PHRSAS (incwadi yokubhala 1)
- I-1911-1913 - i-fappees (incwadi yencwadi 2)
- Ngo-1914 - "Ubuqhoyelo uLullaby"
- Ngo-1916-1917 - Sonata ye-violin kunye nepiyano