Biography
UAlexander Menshikov - Okuqikelela kwaye uyithandayo yoMlawuli uPetros Mna, owazibonakalisayo kwimisebenzi yombuso nangomphathi onesibindi. Wathatha inxaxheba kumaqununu zezobupolitika kwaye wasaziwa njengoNondyebo woMbuso. Isazisi sika-Alexander Dalovich Menshikov ngumzekelo ocacileyo wokuba umntu ohlonitshwe ngu-ufifetin uhlonitshwe yintlupheko, kodwa ugqibile ubomi kubuhlwempu. Emva kokuba edlulile umendo ovela kumrhwebi ukuya kwindibano ngasekunene komlawuli, wadibana naye ngelixa edibana neSiberia.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Alexander Menshikov's Biography izele ziinyani ezinomdla, ukungqubana kunye ne-peripentia, kodwa incinci yaziwa ngemvelaphi yakhe. Inkwenkwe yazalwa ngoNovemba 16, 1673 eMoscow. Malunga nokuba ubuntwana bakhe obutsha kangakanani, bunokuqikelelwa njani, ngokusekelwe ekuthinteleni abaphandi. Abanye bathanda ukukholelwa ukuba utata ka-Alexander wakhonza njengesitali, abanye babambelele kwizimvo awayezifumana ubomi obufumanayo, ukuba yibhakeke.
Kanye kufutshane neyadi, i-Monhikov yabantu echaza umthi wemibungu. Ukusuka kwingxabano apho yayikukuba oookhokho benkosana babeziimbi ze-lithuania. Kodwa, mhlawumbi, le nyaniso ikhokelela ekubeni ancede ubuso bezikhundla.
Ngokwembali, inkwenkwe ye-thenhikov ithengise ii-Presties zaseMoscow, kodwa uAlexander Sergeeevich uCumpkin uyayiphikisa, imbali kaPeter "ukuba ibali lizele i-boychery. Imvelaphi yaseMenshikov ibonakalise ukuba le ndoda isenokuthembeka. Wayekhonzwa nguPisari kunye noonobhala abawenza amaphepha.
Ngapha koko, uAlexander oselula uMonhikov wawa kwinkonzo yegqabi lendoda. Jikelele wayithatha phantsi kogcino. Umfana oneminyaka eli-14 ubudala wabona ukumkani wamamkela amashumi amabini. Umsebenzi wamqhubela ngokukhawuleza. Wabangela intembelo kurhulumente, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu - uPeter i. ukuba kunye ne-body yokumkani, uMonshikov wabhaliswa kwimikhosi eyonwabisayo. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, wayengumsebenzi we-Pretobrazhensky, kwaye kungekudala wafumana i-valetniner kwiNkosi enguMongami.
UAlexander Menshikov waba nguTrastikkuthi kaPeter I. Wenza imiyalelo yomcebisi, kunokuba yabangela ukuba ungamkholisi. Unikwe igunya lokuhamba noMlawuli oselula kuhambo lokuqala lwangaphandle. I-Monhikov igunyazisa ulwazi kubasebenzi benqanawa yaseDatshi. Ekunye noPeter Alekseevich, waqala ukunxiba ngendlela yaseYurophu, ehambisa imbonakalo kwi-wigs kwikomkhulu, ethathe inxaxheba kwimikhankaso yasemkhosini kwaye wancedisa kurhulumente.
Inkonzo yezelizwe
UAlexander Dalovich Menshikov uthatha inxaxheba kumaphulo e-Azov, abe negalelo ekucinezelweni kwesitalato esikwi-1698, eyakomeleze ukuzithemba kwakhe kuye. Xa uFranz Lethatte wasweleka ngo-1699, bendiqinisekile ngoPeter: I-Monhikov yahlala eliqabane elithembekileyo.
Ngo-1700, kwaqala imfazwe yaseMantla, apho uAlexander Danavich wazibonisa igorha elinesibindi. Wayesemgceni wangaphambili njengomphathi-mkhosi we-cavalry kwaye wakhokelela ekuthatheni iinqaba, kuquka neNienshanz, apho bakwi-1704 ababezinikele kwi-chin enkulu.
UMlawuli wabuxabisa umxholo wesihloko, olwa nomhlaba weSweden eLithuania ngo-1705, waphula i-Corpuld Corps ngo-1706. Ngexesha lokukhuphela umkhosi, nto leyo eyayiquka amawaka amajoni ali-15. I-qirionation enjalo iPyotr Alekseevich ithunyelwe ukunceda inkosi yasePoland ku-Agasti ukuze isuse i-SUMEDS. I-Menshikov igqibe injongo kwaye yafumana isihloko soBukhosi baseRoma oqaqambileyo baseRoma.
Idabi ePoltava laphinda lazisa iNkosana yeLavra. Wabonisa inkalipho emva kokungcatsha iHetman Mazepa, ekhokelela kwi-Avar-Gard-Gard-Gardee Dees kunye nefuthe lasekhohlo lokucaphukisa. I-prorit yomphathi yayikukuthatha i-Schlippenbach yothango kunye nezixhobo zeRoss.
Ngayo, bekunokwenzeka ukuba woyise kwaye ujike umkhosi welinye iqela. Imikhosi ye-charles xii enentloni yagxothwa. Kodwa i-menshikov yafumana kwaye yenziwa ukuba inikezele. Ukuba kweyona ndawo ishushu ngamadabi okubetha, waphinda waqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kukumkani nakwinto yokuhla kwexabiso.
Uloyiso phantsi kwePoltavaya wamzisa itayitile yentsimi ye-marshal kunye nezinto ezinkulu zomhlaba zanikwa. Amawaka angama-43 amawaka eshaltere yongezwa kwimpahla ye-Alexander Dalovich. Yayinguye kuphela ngenani leesethi, ngakumbi kuphela kuPeter I. Imisebenzi yasemkhosini uAlexander Mensland, ePomerania, i-pomerania kunye ne-holt. Ngo-1714 wabuya waya ePetersburg, enamanqanaba, izinto kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu kuRhulumente.
Imisebenzi kaRhulumente
I-Menshikov ikwazile ukuqhubela phambili nge-steirser capcase enkosi kwinkanuko yomkhosi kunye nezigqibo ezifanelekileyo zolawulo. Ngo-1702, wadweliswa ngumphathi weTestburg, kwaye sele esuka kwi-1703 wafumana idinga lesithuba seRhuluneli yeSt. Petersburg. Yongamela ukwakhiwa kwemali enkulu, ukulungiselela ukutshintshwa kwenqanawa, amashishini omzi-mveliso, ukubeka i-kronslot, i-kronstal kunye nendawo yabo yokuhlala.
Ibhotwe ye-Menshikov yenye yezakhiwo zokuqala esixekweni kwaye zahlulahlulwe ngobunewunewu. NaseOranienbaum wayenendlu yelizwe. Ngexesha irhuluneli yayiyinjineli yaseKrelia, e-Estland ne-ingermanland. UAlexander Dalovich wayengenakwenzeka ukuba abe yingqongwe ekubhiyozeni uxanduva. Ukususela nge-1713, umlawuli kunye nentendelezo efudukele eSt. Petersburg. Ngoku kukho isebe lezopolitiko kunye neSenethi.
Ukusukela nge-1715, inqanawa ye-kronadd yenqanawa yayikukhathalela inkosana. Waqhuba amatyala ekuthatheni isigqibo kwi-admiralty, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha athathe inxaxheba kumaphulo aselwandle. Omnye wabo yayiyindlela yokuphuma evukelwa kunye neCape Gangeut kwinqanawa ye-friedrichstadst. UPeter ndenze iimfundiso, kwaye oyithandayo wenza umdlali welinye iqela. Ngo-1721, i-Monhikov yabelwa isihloko se-vices vices.
UAlexander Dalovich Menshikov wayengabi sono. Njengomntu onamandla, waziva kakubi. Ke ngoko, waba ngumphathi, akazange acinge ukuba akanakukwazi ukuthatha ithuba lemali engenayo. I-Casnodrad ibanjiwe, eyathi yaxelwa kuMlawuli. Ngokuchasene nomthetho, i-Menshikov ayizange ibhinqe ukugxeka kwaye ayithunyelwanga kulumka. Ukuncamathisela usibandelelo lweGqwetha leGqwetha, uPeter Alekseevich okhethe ukuyisebenzisa kwixa elizayo kwaye waxolelwa, ethatha ilizwe lesikhulu lwelahleko.
Isikhundla se-mensshikov siphindezelwe ingozi. Omnye wabo yayingunyana kaPetros, uAlexey, evalelweyo kwinqaba kaPetros noPawulos. Ikhulu eliqaqambileyo lithathe inxaxheba ekutshutshisweni lomfana laza laziswa ngenxa ye-1718. Uncedo luphakanyiswe kwityala elinjengoPeter Ngapha koko, uAlexander Dadilovich wayedla ngokuncedwa ekusombululeni imicimbi yosapho. Waba negalelo ekupheliseni iqabane lokuqala lokumkani, e-Evadokiya, nasekwakheni ubudlelwane ne-Martha yeSpanavonia, eyathi kamva, njengoCatherine I.
Ngaphandle kokuhlala, uMenshikov wafumana ubuncwane bukaMenshikov obangela ukungaboneliseka kukaMongami. Ngo-1722, waphinda wangena ekungazithembi ngezenzo ezingekho mthethweni xa ulawula iCrocChLot nophanga. UPeter wamhlutha ngamacandelo aliqela, icuba lecuba, iRokov IREKHORY kwaye ibeka isohlwayo. Ngaphambi kokusweleka kwenkosi, oko kuphakanyiswe kwakhona, apho wahluthwa iRhuluneli yeRhuluneli ehlala iminyaka engama-22.
UMonhikov wayenobudlelwane bempikiswano ne-purress catherine i. Ukunceda kwibhotwe lokusweleka emva kokufa kukaPeter Alekseevich, kodwa wakwazi ukuba uyakwazi nabukumkani. Nangona kunjalo, amandla akhe ayengenamda. Ngo-1728, waba yintloko yeBhunga likaNobhala kaSesia kwaye wayenelungelo lokuthatha imithetho engenamvume ka-Katherine I. Isikhundla sakhe saseMenshikov sagqiba kwelokuba sibuyele umva, sikhuphe intombi yakhe kuPeter II. Ngelo xesha, inkosana yayilinqanaba labakhethiweyo kunye ne-jikelele.
Ubomi Buqu
Umtshato uAlexander Menshikova wonwabile. Inkosana yayitshatile uDarya Mikhailovna Arsentenyeva, intombi kaYakutsky kunye nekhoboka. Le ntombazana iphumayo ikwisiko yayisenkunkanyeni kwaye yaba nobudlelwane obunobuhlobo bukaPeter uAlekseeevich, eNatalia. Oodade bakaMenshikov babandakanywa kwisangqa sokunyanzelwa. Ukuqhelana kwamaqabane elizayo akwenzeka xa uAlexander wayeneminyaka engama-25 ubudala, kwaye uDariyo - 16. Abantu abancinci baxhasa iileta ezixhasayo kuqala.
UDria Mikhailovna wakwazi ukunyibilikisa intliziyo yeNkosana yangaphantsi yaza ingqalelo kuye, yaza yabonisa ukhathalelo. Umtshato oqaqambileyo we-Menshikov wenzeka nge-18 ka-Agasti, 1706. Kwaqatshelwa eKiev phambi kukaPeter I.
Ebusweni bobutshaba, amaqabane abona kakhulu. Ngo-1709, uDria Menshikova wazala izibulo. Ukwisidingu, wayekhathazekile ngeqabane lakhe kuye. Umntwana wazalwa endleleni, eBelgorod, apho uMonhikov wayekho ngelo xesha. I-Alexander Dalovich Ubomi buqu babugcwele uthando nenkosikazi yomfazi. Wayehamba nomyeni wakhe kwikhonkco le-rannburg, eBherezov, kodwa wasweleka endleleni, wangcwatyelwa kwimbeko ephezulu, kufutshane neKazan.
Ukufa
Ibhokhwe ibhokhwe, emva kokufa komxhamli wakhe, uMongami uPetros, ebengenamda. Emva kokuba bekucwangcise ukuzibandakanya kwentombi yakhe noPeter II, isikhulu sikonwabele ukuxhaswa kweenkundla ezithile. Ezi zicwangciso zathintelwa sisigulo esiqatha, okwethutyana, ezazinkqonkqoza indoda ephuma emibeni yeyadi. Ngeli xesha, wakwazi ukunyamezela phambi kwe-Peter II, ngexesha uElexander Danavich wayengathandeki. Wabanjwa, uluhlu, izibongozo kunye nemivuzo zasuswa, kwaye ipropathi yahluthwa.
I-Menhikov kunye nosapho bathumela kwilifa le-ranter, emva koko baya eSiberia, kwidolophu ebizwa ngokuba yiBerezov kufutshane neTobolsk. Apho i-visikov, kunye nabakhonzi abathembekileyo, wakhe indlu kunye necawa. Ngo-1729, iSiberia yayigutyungelwe ngumgcabhu lwesigaba, esasingunobangela wokufa koMongami. Wasweleka eneminyaka engama-56, noNovemba 23, 1729. IPrince yangcwatywa kwiCawe, yena ngokwakhe waphakamisa.
Ingcwaba likarhulumente alizange ligcinwe kude kube semini. Malunga negalelo lakhe kwimbali inokufumaneka kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso yeVelmes igcinwe kwimigaqo yemyuziyam, kwaye inkumbulo yayo idluliselwa kwizizukulwana ezitsha kwiiklasi zezeMpili. Abantwana besikolo banamhlanje banethuba lokufunda imbali yabaphathi abadumileyo abavela kwiincwadi kunye neenkumbulo ezigciniweyo ngabantu ababephila ngexesha. Kukho neenkcaza ezineenkcukacha ezineenkcukacha, umzekelo, izatifikethi zokukhula kwe-Monshikov kwi-2 Arshin kunye ne-12 i-12 i-12 cm).
Amabhaso
- 1703 -Umyalelo wompostile oNgcwele uAndrei kuqala
- I-1705 - i-odolo ye-White Wale
- I-1710-I-odolo lendlovu
- 1713 -Umyalelo wokhozi
- 1725 - I-odolo yeSt. Alexander Neaxander Nevsky