Biography
Owona mfanekiso uqaqambileyo kunye nobuhle kwigalari yeediliya-i-maria nikolaevna volkokaya. NjengePrincess TrubetSkaya, wabonakala kumzekelo wokuzinikela ngokungenamda kunye nemvakalelo, eshiye iSiberia ukuze abe ngumyeni, iPrince Sergui VolKonsky emva kweminyhadala ye-1825. Ishiye uphawu kwimbali kunye noncwadi, ukuba ngumbhali wamanqaku "aManqaku e-MarialKonskaya", nto leyo yaphefumlela imbongi uNikolai Nekralai Nekralai eKhrasov ukuba yenze inxalenye yesibini yombongo "waseRussia".Ubuntwana noLutsha
Inkosazana Maria Nikolaevna VolKonskaya (Nee Raevskaya) yazalwa, njengoko yayizalwa, ngoJulayi 22, 1804 kwidolophu yaseKamenka Chiigurinsky yePhondo le-kieshwa. Kodwa kukho enye idatha ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe - Januwari 6, 1806.
I-biegraphy yenkosazana iphawulwe nge-prigigree kunye nengathandekiyo. Utata Nikolai Nikolayevich Raevsky - I-Russian South, iRinet, i-Hero 1812. USophia Alekseevna Konstantinova - umzukulwana wenzululwazi enkulu yaseRussia i-mikhail lomonosov. Isibini esitshatayo sazalwa sabantwana abayi-7 - oonyana aba-2 kunye neentombi ezi-5. Uninzi lwazo lubona ukukhanya kumaphulo omkhosi obungenamkhosi wentloko yentsapho, awayehamba neqabane elithembekileyo.
Ukususela kwicala likatata, abantwana bazuza njengelifa i-Polish (iRaevsky - ugqatso oludala, ololonwabo kwi-XV yenkulungwane) Konstay Konstantinov II , yayisisiGrike ngobuzwe).
IGazi lesiGrike lalingabonakaliswa kubonakala ngathi uMariya, intombi kaRaevsky. Mnyama kwaye mnyama-ntwasahlobo, kunye nolusu olumnyama, wayengutata onomdla. Indalo yamnika ilizwi elihle, kwaye jikelele wabhala utitshala e-Itali ukuba angayigcina izwi lentombi yakhe. I-Masha yafumana imfundo yasekhaya, egqibeleleyo ngesiFrentshi nesiNgesi, eyamkelweyo, yayinomdla kwimbali noncwadi.
Imozulu kwindlu ye-raevsky, ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esingqongqo sosolusapho, sinobubele kakhulu kwaye sinobuhlobo. Oodade bajonga abazalwana noodade abakhulileyo. Ngeengokuhlwa emva kwesidlo sangokuhlwa, yayinguMussitis kwigumbi lokuhlala. Kwaye ukubuya kwiibhola ezinesalathiso, kuvalelwe kwi-chiech yakhe, ubhale iidayari zabo zentombazana xa ukukhanya kwamakhandlela.
Ngehlobo le-nikolai nikolayevich raevsky bathumela i-Foevsky yonke intsapho kwi-crista kunye neCaucasus. Kwathi behamba kunye ne-Alexander Sergeeeevich Suinkin, owaba ngabahlobo kunye noNikolai Nikolayevich ngexesha lekhonkco elingasezantsi. Sele eneminyaka eli-16 ubudala, uMaria Nikolaevna Wonwabile, kwaye iindaba zobuhle bakhe zasasazeka kwi-St.
Ubomi Buqu
Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, intliziyo yobuhle ityhutyha xa ibamba umbono othandekayo wembongi emincinci eluthandweni. Ukuhamba neRaevski eCaucasus ngo-1820, uPungkin waba nomdla kwintombazana eneminyaka eli-15 ubudala kwaye akazange azifihle iimvakalelo zakhe zothando. Iqwalaselwa ukuba uMary Raevskaya unikezelwe kwimibongo yakhe ye-lyrical ebhalwe kwikhonkco elingasezantsi (phakathi kwabo - kamva "musani ukucula," "" kwiinduli zaseGeorgia). Nangona kunjalo, le nguqulo ibhala abanye abaphandi bendalo kunye nembali yembongi.
Ngapha koko, umfanekiso wePrincess VolKonsky akasayi kuphinda avuke njenge-poetasy yembongi. Uya kumlandela ikamva lakhe, kwaye athandaze isenzo sakhe senkosikazi yakhe ye-orbhiri, uya kuyisebenzisa imigca emitsha kwibhinqa eliselula.
"Njengembongi, wawucinga ukuba uxanduva lwayo luthando nabo bonke abafazi abancinci kunye namantombazana amancinci, awayedibana nabo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, wavuma kuphela imyuziyam yeyamyalelo, "i-Inskons iya kubhala kamva kwiizezi zakhe.Omnye uZadychal maria Nikolaevna wabala i-gustav boolizar, umbongo wePoland, owayengumbhali, owayekho ngelo xesha iNkokeli yePhondo le-kieV. I-Enchangecweyo yi-houstes yeenkosana, igrafu yaba lundwendwe rhoqo kwi-raevsky kwaye ngo-1823 wasungula intombazana. Nangona kunjalo, wafumana ukwala utata wakhe. U-Olizar wafunyanwa kakhulu ebomini bakhe, kwaye umfanekiso wentanda yakhe ixesha elide emsebenzini wakhe.
Emva konyaka, utata uMariya waphinda wafumana umnikelo womtshato. Ngeli xesha, iPrince Sergey Grigorievich VolKonsky, igosa lokugqibela elibonakalayo kunye nohlobo lwakudala lwakudala. Uye watyelela indlu kaRaevsky kunye nendlela i-erchatswe iyonwabisa kakhulu ukuculwa kummangaliso okumangalisayo kukaMariya, ndimncoma nge-curls emnyama.
Wayengumdala kangangeminyaka engama-20 kwaye kwi-37 esele esebenze kwinqanaba ngokubanzi, amagorha azibonakalisa kwiimfazwe zemfazwe ye-1812. Eli xesha lenziwa isindululo, kwaye ngoJanuwari 11, 1825, kwadla umtshato eKiev. Kukholelwa ukuba uMaria Raevsky awutshatshwanga nakweyakhe inkanuko, kodwa ngokunyanzelisa utata wakhe, ukuba ngelo xesha letyala le-shaky bafuna eyona ntombazana ilungileyo yentombi yakhe.
I-honeymoon yabanjwa eGurziuf, emva koko kwahlukana okungapheliyo: i-vorkkonky ishiye iimfundiso, uMaria, sele ukhulelwe, waya eOdessa ukuphefumla umoya waselwandle. NgoDisemba 1825, uVolkonky wanikezela kwilifa labo e-Uman, wamthabatha umfazi wakhe wayisa endlwini kayise eKiev, wemka kwangoko.
Umnqweno we-odddrbrists wenzeka ngoDisemba 14, we-1825 kwi-Senate Square yeSt. Petersburg, uMaria akazange azi kwanto. Akazange anyamezele ukukhulelwa kwakhe. NgoJanuwari 2, 1826, unyana kaNicholas wazala kwaye wachitha ebhedini esibhedlele ixesha elide.
Ufundile malunga nokubanjwa kwendoda yakhe kufutshane nentwasahlobo kwaye ngoko nangoko wathumela ileta eya kwinqaba ye-Petropavlovsk ngenjongo yokwahlula-hamba, nokuba iyothusa intolongo. UVolkorky uphendule oko
"Akufuni nokuba ithemba lokuba iya kululula olo lonwabo."I-Katerga eSiberia
Isigwebo samankokeli senziwa nge-12 kaJulayi ngo-1826, ngokutsho, inkosana yeVolkorky yagwetywa iminyaka engama-20 yamandla aseSiberia. Emva kokuba efundile ngayo, uMaria wathetha ngokuyinxenye ngokukhululeka. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, zonke ezi nyanga kwafuneka zinyamezele impikiswano nosapho lwayo - utata kunye nomntakwabo-ntsapho omdala uAlexander, ofuna uqhawulo-mtshato.
Abantu basetyhini abazifihla kwiindaba zenkosazana, oonobumba abamisiweyo, bakwalela umyeni wakhe kunye nezalamane zakhe. Kodwa uMaria wasinda kuzo zonke izithintelo, ubhala uMlawuli kuNikolai i, isikhalazo semvume yokulandela iSergey kwaye sifumana impendulo efanelekileyo. Ukushiya i-Kohl enye eneminyaka enga-Kohl kwinkathalo kanina, i-maria volkokaya iya eSiberia. Utata onqabileyo wathembisa ukuba uyiqalekisa intombi yakhe ethandwayo, ukuba akazukubuya kunyaka kamva.
Eli bhinqa lafika kumgodi onombulelo, apho iingcali ze-eddgeperbrist), ngoFebruwari 11, 1827. Ukudibana nomyeni wakhe kudala balindelwe kwaye kunzima ngaxeshanye. UMaria wabona iSergey Grigorievich, iboshwe kwimingxunya, kwaye kwimpembelelo yeemvakalelo zaqala zanga imingxunya, kwaye yeyeyakhe. Inkosana ngelo xesha yawa ngokupheleleyo kuMoya kwaye yagula kakhulu. Ukufika komfazi wakhe ukuphucula impilo-ntle yakhe.
I-Volkokaya ihlanjululwe kwindlu enye kunye nenkosikazi yenye inkohliso ye-chormbleskoy. Imihla ngemihla iveki ihamba, abafazi bakhokelela kwifama, befunda ukugcina kuyo yonke into. UMaria Nikolaevna wathabatha imbopheleleko yokubhala iileta zabantwana babo.
Ekupheleni konyaka, zombini iinkosana zafudukela kwi-cheat. Kumdaniso wobubanzi obutsha wadlulisela amadoda abo. EChita, uMaria Nikolayevna ulindele ukubetha okuninzi kwekamva kwangoko. Ekuqaleni, ngo-Matshi 1828, iindaba ezimbi zavela kwi-St. Petersburg - umolokazana wamxelela ngokufa kwamadolo akhe. I-maria etyhefu maria ukuze ingaphangeli, icela ukuba inkosi ivumele ukuba aphile kwimbonakalo yakhe ecaleni kwendoda yakhe aze afumane imvume.
Ngo-1829, isitya esitsha-ukufa kukaYise. Impilo yakhe yaphela ngamandla ngenxa yeziganeko ezinxulumene noMaria, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba umntu amxolele intombi yakhe. Kwaye ukufa, ukujonga umzobo wentando yakhe oyithandayo, wavuma ukuba "uMaria ngoyena mfazi umangalisayo wayeyazi." Umama, unempawu ezinzima, akazange axolele intombi yakhe, kunye nabantakwabo noSokiya omncinci. I-Ankaya yabhala kuphela oodade abakhulileyo uCatherine no-Elena.
NgoJulayi 10, 1830, uMaria wazala intombi kaSophia, owafayo kwangolo suku. Ukusuka kwimeko engazalangazeliyo, lo mfazi uphuma kuphela kwintshukumo entsha - kwisityalo sepetrovsky. Apha, i-oduli ingaba i-oduli ivunyelwe ukuba iphile ngokuhlala simahla kunye nabafazi babo kwizindlu zabo. Emva koko izibulo le-volkorky mikhail (1832) lazalwa, kwaye intombi kaNelli (1834).
Ngo-1835, uSergei Grigorievich wakhululwa kumsebenzi wekhalenda kwimo yempilo, kwaye iqabane lakhe lifeze na kwilali yawo kwilali yaseUrhen, eyakufuneka isebenzise rhoqo. Amaqabane akha indlu yehlobo "Kamachnik" kwi-USS-Kuddow, apho bathatha iindwendwe ezinqabileyo.
ERuika, istszgrists A. Sodahio, iM. Liunin yaphila. Bobabini yayingabahlobo abakhulu bosapho lwe-volkonky kwaye, kukholelwa ukuba baye baziva ngooMariya. Kwaye ukuba owokuqala wayethandana nenkosazana engekho mthethweni, emva koko phakathi kwendlela kunye ne-volkokaya, abanye ababhali-mbali, bekukho ubudlelwane bothando. Nangona kunjalo, abantu baseMaria niikolaevna bayayikhanyela le nyaniso.
Ukuhlala kwi-isinduli kwiminyaka yesibhozo, uMaria Volkokaya ngo-1845 wafumana imvume yokufudukela eIrkutsk. Apha ichaze abantwana kumthambo wokuzivocavoca kwaye badibana nabo batyelela imizuzwana, kwaye kungekudala ngokwakhe wavula i-salon, kunye nePrincess TrubetSkaya.
Kanye kwaye iintombi ezithembekileyo kunye nezothando ziyingozi kwaye zisuswene. Ekugqibeleni, amabhinqa akhwele, ngaphandle kokwabelana ngekhohlakalo, omabini abeka amehlo.
Ngeli xesha, impilo kaMaria nikolaevna mayibe mandundu. Phantse akuphumi endlwini ngenxa yohlaselo olusenzeka kulo kubanda. Khawulezisa ukumisela ikati yabantwana kwaye ngo-1850 utshatile nentombi ka-Elena (nelly) kwi-DMMMITRY MLCHAnova, ngaphandle kwegama lakhe elibi eluntwini.
Ngo-1855, uAlexander II ubuyela kwitrone yetrone yesiRashiya. Uxolelo lusondele kwi-1856, xa inkokheli yenkokheli ishiya iSiberia. Inkosazana yaseMaria ishiya kancinci ngenxa yempilo ebuthathaka kwaye ihlale eMoscow kwintombazana yakhe, kwaye i-vonkonky ifikile apho.
Ukufa
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umfazi wahamba kakhulu. Intombi yakhutshwa yesibini, yaba ngumhlolokazi ngo-1857, kwiDiploati Nicholas Kochubey. Watshata unyana wakhe kwinkosazana Elizabeth VolKonskaya, umtshato wenzeka eGeneva. Ukuba nondwendwela iRoma kwingcwaba likanina noodade i-Elena.
UMaria nikolaevna wabalekela kancinci emva kokufa kuka-Alexander ka-Alexander kwaye wasweleka ngo-1861, kwiLifa lonyana kwi-Colom kwi-connels (Cherimhiviv). I-Sergey Volkonsky yayilixesha lokuya kwelinye ilizwe, lafa, laphukile ngokukhubazeka, ngo-1865.