Biography
Omnye wabameli bobalo olukhulu lwe-wikolai illich telstoy - utata ongumbhali waseRussia obalaseleyo uNikolayevich Tollstoy. Umfanekiso wombhali waba ngumzali ophephe kwimisebenzi enjenge "imfazwe noxolo" (iRostov), "ebuntwaneni", "Uxolo" (uNicholyna). Ebutsheni bakhe, wenza umsebenzi ophumelelayo emkhosini, emva kokuba etshatile noMariya, i-Thesis kunye nenkosikazi edumileyo ye-perlist marian volKonsky, ovela kwi-polyona "ecocekileyo ngoku i-Tolstoy .Ubuntwana noLutsha
UNikolai Illich Tollstoy wazalwa nge-26 kaJuni, 1794. Indawo yokuzalwa kwegrafu ayaziwa. Mhlawumbi wazalelwa kwilifa likaNikolsky-vyazmerk, ingengumama wakhe iPrincess Pelagae Gorchakova.
Utata ubala i-Inta andreevich Tollstoy Inkonzo yasemkhosini kwisikhundla sikaBrigadier emva komtshato kwindlalifa, kodwa walungisa yonke iRhuluneli, enqumama endaweni ye-Kazan. Kwezi ndawo, watyholwa ngokunyanzelwa kwemali yoluntu kwaye wafa kungekudala emva kokuba esuswe, eshiya amatyala amaninzi. Kule mtshato, bazalwa ngabantwana aba-4 - izibulo likaNitondaya, emva koko uAlexander, noPelagia.
Emva kokusweleka kwe-ilya encinci (eneminyaka eyi-7), uNikolai waba kukuphela konyana wegrafu, kwaye utata wakhe weza kumsebenzi wakhe wexesha elizayo. I-Tolstoy ichonge unyana oneminyaka emi-5 kwinkonzo yaseburhulumenteni kwinqanaba lobhaliso lwePhondo kwi-kredin yesakhiwo seKremren. Emva kweminyaka eli-10, le ndodana yasebenza njengoMbhalisi wekholeji, emva koko wafudukela kwimo yonobhala wephondo.
UNikolai Illich wakhula kwintsapho, nangona ndinolwakhiwo losolusapho, kodwa kwiimeko zasimahla. Abantwana ababekho endlwini babemkelekile kwaye bengazange bahlale begqobho. Abazali babephila ixesha elide ePolidany, emva koko eNikolsky-vyazmenky, apho imithendeleko kunye nemifanekiso yalungiswa ngokomyalelo wokulandelelana kukaBawo.
Xa uNicholas Illich wayeneminyaka eli-15 ubudala, udade bonina wamnika eyakho iAardovii Petrov - inyani yokuba uthetha ngokukhulisa i-GerFodom yeSerfdom.
Inkonzo ye-Ark kunye nenkonzo yasemkhosini
Imfazwe yentlupheko ye-1812 yandisa lo mfana ukuba afudukele kwinkonzo yasemkhosini, nangona wayechaswa zizilwanyana ezinqwenelekayo. Nge-11 kaJuni, 1812, uNikolai wafakwa kwi-connet kwi-3rd ye-cossack cossack.
Ngehlobo elinye, waguqulela kuMbutho waseMoscow Gusar kwaye kungekudala, emva kwenguquko yenani lokugqibela, yaqala ukuya kukhonza kwi-Irkutsk Gumar shelfit. Imfazwe yayingumoyiki omkhulu womfana ongenamava omfana obaleka kwindlwana yakhe yokuqala.
"Ndibone yonke le mfazwe iyoyikeka; Ubhale ezindlwini ezilishumi, esithi ezinzweni zakhe.Igrafu iTolstoy ithathe inxaxheba kwiimfazwe eziphambili zemfazwe ye-1812, kwaye azikwazi ukwahlula kwiimfazwe zenkululeko yeminye imimandla ebanjwe yintshutshiso kunye nokutshatyalaliswa komkhosi we-napoleonic. Wayikhupha umyalelo we-lieutenant kunye ne-odolo ye-St. Vladimir IV ngesidanga somahluko kwiidreyini phantsi kwaye xa unqumla i-elbe. Kwisibindi esibonakaliswe phantsi kwedabi eliqhelekileyo kufutshane ne-leipzig ifumene i-rank china-rothmisra.
Ngo-Okthobha 1813, xa ihambisa i-Devech Jikelele eSt. Ukubuyela eRussia nge-8 ka-Agasti, i-1814, iTolstoy iqhubeka nenkonzo yasemkhosini. Igrafu eselula yadluliselwa kwi-cavalry ye-calvariment kwaye yanyula iPrince engekho mthethweni iPrince Andrei Ivanovich Gorchakov, umntakwabo wesibini.
Emva kweminyaka emi-3 yenkonzo, ngo-1817 nikolai ilylich wafaka isicelo kwi-Epesser Alexander iguqulelwe kwinkosana ye-Gusar yombutho oorenji. Ababhali-mbali basichazela esi sisombululo kukuwohloka kwemeko yezinto ezibonakalayo. Nangona kunjalo, apha umfana othile wakhondla ixesha nje elifutshane, warhoxa ngo-1819 kwinqanaba le-lieutenant Colonel.
Ngo-1820ting kaNikolai illich wasweleka. Umama noodade bahlala bekhathalela umntu. Wazihambisa eKazan eMoscow, wawagubungela amatyala katata, enyanzelekile ukuba angene enkonzweni, ukuba abe ngumfundi oncedisayo kwiofisi yasemkhosini yaseMoscow. Kodwa, kunjalo, umtshato ovuthayo uyakhawuleza kwaye uchanekile ngokuchanekileyo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1822, ababale balukiweyo ukuya kwi-vorkousky yenkosazana yeVolkowini kaMaria Nikolaevna, owamkela isindululo se-lieutenant. Umtshakazi wayeneminyaka emi-4 ubudala kunoMkhweli wakhe kwaye ephantsi kakhulu kuye knobuqaqawuli bangaphandle.
Ukubala uNikolai Ilylich ngumfana oqaqambileyo onembali eqaqambileyo enebhayiloji enkulu: iqhawe lemfazwe, uvuya, kwiindiza ezininzi ezibalaseleyo.
"Utata wayenentamo" ye-sanguine ebomvu "," unamandla, "unamandla," Amehlo aMnandi "," uxele ingcinga kaBawo Le Lell Nikolayevich.UMaria nikolaevna babenempawu ezinkulu zomntu owahlutha abantwana bakhe. I-Volkokaya yayinemfundo egqwesileyo, incasa yobugcisa kunye netalente yetalente, eyazi iilwimi ezininzi. Kodwa eyona nto iphambili - inkosazana yayikwimeko entle, phakathi kwe-dowry yayiyindawo edumileyo yendlu "kwindawo ecacileyo ye-pululana" kwindawo ekufutshane yeTula.
Kukho abatshatileyo abashiyekileyo kwangoko emva komtshato, owenzeka nge-9 kaJulayi ngo-1822. Ngo-1823, isibini sakhankanya i-nikolai. Emva koko oonyana abathathu bavela - iSergey (1826), i-DMIMMY (1827), ingonyama (1828). Intombazana ekuphela kweTolstoy Maria yazalwa ngonyaka ka-1830.
Kwangoko emva kokuzalwa konyana wokuqala, uNikolai Illich wakha indlu enkulu enkulu. Benze okuninzi malunga nezinto, esakuthanda ukuzingela. Uqoqosho lwalusondele kuye: Igrafu yaqhekeza igadi enkulu, ikhokelele kumhlaba weManor. Ukuba ngumthandi wokufunda ngokwakhe, uNikolai illich waqokelela ilayibrari enkulu evela kwabo baziswe kwikomkhulu nakwiincwadi ezikwiincwadi ezikwiincwadi ezikwiincwadi ezikwiincwadi ezikwiincwadi zase-phesheya.
Ngo-1830, ngaphandle kokuphola iMash, umfazi kaTolstoy uyafa. I-OVDOV, ukubala yenza isindululo kudadewabo wesibini uTatiana Yergolskaya, apho wayehlala ethandana nobutsha bakhe. UTatiana wayeyinkedama kwaye wakhuliswa endlwini kaTata uIkolai ilylich. Ubomi bayo buqu abungasebenzi, kwaye walinda intombi emdala.
U-Ergolskaya ubala waliwe, kodwa wathembisa ukuba unakho ukukhathalela abantwana bakhe ngaphandle kukamama. Kwaye emva kokusweleka komthendeleko, abantwana babesele bebanjisiwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye babandakanyeka ekukhuliseni kwabo.
Ukufa
Ekupheleni kobomi babalo, uNikolay Tolstoy wakwazi ukulungisa imicimbi yezemali. Waqhela amatyala kayise kwaye wamomeleza iLizwe lakhe, ukuthengisa into kwilifa lomfazi wakhe, lafumana eyakhe. Ukubalwa kodlula ngokungalindelekanga, ukuba kwiiofisi zendlela - wafumana isibetho ngenxa yoxinzelelo olugxunyekwe. Yenzekile eTula ngoJuni 21, 1837.