Biography
UCharles Babbiage - IMathematiya yaseBritane, isithandi-sobulumko, umyili kunye nenjineli, uMdali wophawu lwekhompyuter yedijithali. Ngombulelo kulwazi oluqungolo kunye nomsebenzi kumanqanaba ohlukeneyo ezenzululwazi, abantwana abaphakathi kwezona zithixo zibalaseleyo zeXaix.
UCharles Babbie wazalwa ngoDisemba 26, 1791 eLondon, kwintsapho kaBenjamin Babbbja no-Elizabeth (Betsy) yedangatye. Kusapho, ukongeza kwinkwenkwe, bekukho abantwana abathathu. Ngo-1808, uBabviji wafudukela kwimpuma tingmouth.
Utata wesongulo wexesha elizayo wayekwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuba uNyana wajika iminyaka esi-8, wamthumela kwisikolo sabucala eAlfington. Umbingeleli owayenemfundo yenkwenkwe, wanconywa ukuba ungalayisha umntwana: Ebuntwaneni, uCharles wagula rhoqo, kwaye abazali bakhetha ukuba unyana wabo banyamezele imiphumo yomkhuhlane.
Emva kwexesha, uCharles waya kwindawo yokuzivocavoca ewonke kwi-South Arons kangangexesha elithile, kodwa impilo ebuthathaka kungekudala yamnyanzela ukuba abuyele esiya kufundwa ngabafundisi-ntsapho ababucala. Emva kokufumana imfundo yesikolo, abantwana abavunyiweyo bangena kwi-Academy kwi-Enfield. Kweli ziko lemfundo kwakukho ilayibrari ebanzi, enkosi apho umfana onomdla khona kwimathematics. Emva kwexesha, uCharles waphinda wafunda ootitshala babucala ukuze afumane ulwazi olwaneleyo ukuba angenelele kwi-cambridge.
Ngo-1810, abantwana abavunyiweyo baba ngumfundi weKholeji kaBathathu Emnye, kodwa ikharityhula kungekudala yathobela umfana-wafumana ulwazi olukhulu ngaphezu kotitshala. Ndikunye nabahlobo ngo-1812, uCharles wabumba uluntu oluhlalutyo, emva koko watshintshelwa kwenye iKholeji yaseCambridge, uPeteuse, apho wagqiba khona ngo-1814, ngaphandle kweemviwo zokufumana isidanga se-bachelor.
IMathematics kunye neMathematics
Ngenxa yokuthetha ngomnye wabafundi abaphumelele kakhulu, uCharles ngokukhawuleza waphumelela kwintsimi yesayensi. Sele ngonyaka ka-1815, wasifundisa kwi-Royal Iziko, kwaye ngo-1816 waba lilungu loluntu lwasebukhosini. Ngethu, nangona kunjalo, ayizange ilungele, kwaye, ibanga izikhundla zokufundisa, wafumana ukwala. Ke, kude kube nge-1827, indoda yayixhomekeke kwimali kuyise kwaye yafumana imali kwimali yakhe kuphela emva kokuba efile.
UCharles Babbie wayengusosayensi obenegalelo kwiiSayensi ezininzi ezichanekileyo, ukusuka kwi-Astronomy kuqoqosho. Kodwa eyona lifa lidumileyo le yayiyimisebenzi ekuphuhlisweni kwezixhobo zekhompyuter, ezilindele iikhompyuter kunye neekhompyuter zale mihla.
Iprojekthi yokuqala enjalo kwi-bibysi yendoda yayingumatshini omkhulu womahluko. Imbono yendalo yayo yabonakala eCharles ngo-1822. Isixhobo malunga naloo mbono yayikukunceda abantu ababale ukubala efunekayo kwi-Istronomy kunye nokuhamba, ngelo xesha beneminyaka emininzi kwaye besenza ingozi yempazamo evunyiweyo ngumntu.
Ngo-1823, inzululwazi incinci yabelwa ukudalwa kwezixhobo, kuba iRoyal, kunye noluntu lwasebukhosini ngenzondelelo waliqonda umbono weBabja. Nangona kunjalo, uCharles usilele ukubala ngokuchanekileyo ixesha okanye iindlela. Iminyaka emi-3 ecwangcisiweyo kunye nokufumana i-1,500 ye-1,500 ye-1,500.
Ngo-1827, inkcitho iphakama ngaphezu kwamaxesha ama-2, kwaye imali eninzi ye-babbhija kwafuneka ikhuphe epokothweni yayo. Umsebenzi okwethutyana kwafuneka uhambe, emva kwentlekele, uCharles wayengakwazi ukuqhubeka nophando lwenzululwazi, kwaye inzululwazi ikwazile ukubuyela kumatshini wokumahluko ngonyaka we-1828. Imali ngeli xesha yayigqithile, kwaye ifumane inkxaso-mali eyongezelelweyo kwi-Babbiage State kuphela ngo-1830.
Emva kweminyaka emi-4, umsebenzi kwakhona waphakama, ngaphandle kwemali enkulu esele ichithwe kuyilo lwemveliso. I- £ 17 iwaka. Yabelwe ukudalwa komatshini womahluko, urhulumente, enye i- £ 6-7 yamawaka. Utyalo malile iSayensi ngokwakhe. Kude kube ngu-1842, abasemagunyeni bagqiba ekubeni baqhubeke nokutyala imali kule projekthi, kwaye ngenxa yoko baliwe. Ngexesha lokuphila kukaCharles, isixhobo sasingaze sibekho. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1840, le ndoda yabuya iye kwimbono yomatshini womahluko kwaye ikhulelwe ukuba yenze inguqulelo ephuculweyo, kodwa le nzame ibingathwelwa ngempumelelo.
Umsebenzi onzima kwaye ongaphendulanga umatshini womahluko akazange ayeke ukubaleka kweengcinga zikaCharles, kwaye ngo-1833 umbono omtsha weza entloko - ukwenza umatshini wohlalutyo, isixhobo esinokulungelelaniswa. Ngokungafaniyo nomatshini womahluko, wayenokusombulula imisebenzi entsonkothileyo.
Ngo-1834, abantwana abavunyiweyo baqala ukudala umatshini wohlalutyo, umgama omiselweyo weekhompyuter zedijithali ozisa uzuko kuye, nangona emva kokufa. Uyilo lwesixhobo lwaluthetha ubukho bememori (i-Warehouse), ii-Mills (iProser AnAG), ulawulo kunye nesixhobo sokungena kunye nokukhupha idatha yokufaka kunye nokukhupha idatha. Kwakhona kuyilo kwakukho enye into elawula ukulandelelana kwemisebenzi, ukunxibelelana ne "Warehouse" kwaye ufunde idatha evela kwi-pubed.
Phezu kwayo le projekthi, uCharles wasebenza ngokuzimeleyo, kwaye ekuphela komntu owabona amandla apheleleyo ngombono yayiyinto yesihogo, ibhinqa elanamhlanje lithathwa njengommiselo wokuqala. Imisebenzi yayo, esekwe kwiprojekthi yomatshini wohlalutyo, ithathwa njengomsebenzi wokuqala kwicandelo lesayensi yekhompyuter.
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imijikelezo yesayensi ibonise umdla kumatshini wokuhlalutya, kunye nomatshini wokumahluko, akazange agqitywe. Ngo-1851, iSayensi yabhala ukuba amathuba akhe, eyimali, akwanele ukuphelisa umsebenzi.
Umsebenzi kaCharles emva kokusweleka kwesayensi waqhubeka nonyana wakhe uHenry. Ngo-1888, wakwazi ukudala indibano ephakathi yoomatshini womanyano, kwaye ngo-1906, ngoncedo lwenkampani ye-Monro, i-Babbird Junior yenze imodeli epheleleyo nefanelekileyo.
UCharles usebenza kwindawo yoomatshini oxukumelo ukwakhe nokuqhubela phambili: kwimizobo yayo, izixhobo ezininzi ngo-1854 zakhululwa eSweden. Emva koko uMartin Vieberg wawaziswa kwimodeli yophuculo, emva koko wawusebenzisa umatshini ukubala kwicandelo letafile ye-logarithmic.
Ngokuyinxalenye yesizathu sokusilela kwakukuphikisana okuqinisekileyo kwe-babbej. Uhlawule ixesha elininzi kwamanye amabala ezenzululwazi, kwaye ngempumelelo. Inzala kwingxelo kaloliwe ikhokelele kwinto yokuba uCharles wancamaza isantya kwaye waba ngomnye wabadali be-Tachometer. Kukho into yokubulela unolwazi kunye nokusebenza ngokwesihloko: Maomatshini abaNcinci bakhe abenze i-Babbeck, kunye nendlela yokwenza amavili eegishi.
Umsebenzi obalulekileyo wobomi buka-Sciest waba ngumsebenzi woqoqosho lwetekhnoloji kunye nemveliso. Isihloko esivezwe kwincwadi namhlanje sibizwa ngokuba "yimisebenzi yophando". Emva kokupapashwa, umsebenzi wathengiswa ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye ngo-1836 kwakukho iimviwo ezi-4. Emva koko, uYohane mngeni waphefumlelwa nguCharles kuqoqosho, kwaye ukuthembeka kwendlela ye-Babjja ukuya kwiCandelo laBasebenzi lalijongwa yi-Carl Marx.
Ubomi Buqu
NgoJulayi 25, 1814, kwiCawa yeTingmouth e-St. Michael Charles Bables Bables edityaniswe nomtshato noGeorgia. Ekuqaleni, esi sibini sasihlala eShropshire, emva koko ngo-1815 safudukela kwisitrato seDevonshire ukuya eLondon.
Emtshatweni waseCharles naseGeorgians, abantwana abaneminyaka esi-8 bazalwa, kodwa nguBhenjamin one, kodwa uGeorgiana, uDughad noHenry basinda. Elona xesha linzima kubomi bobuqu uCharles wayeneminyaka eli-1827, ke utata, umfazi noonyana baka-ba osonononongo bafa.
Inyaniso enomdla: kuba i-uprit, i-babjaja yanikwa iBharon kunye nezihloko ze-knight, kodwa ngenxa yezimvo zabo zezopolitiko azizange ziwe.
Ukufa
UCharles Babbue wasweleka nge-18 ka-Okthobha 1871 kwiminyaka engama-78. Unobangela wokufa yayiyimfihlo yeRenan ebangelwa lusulelo lwenkqubo yokuchasa. Inzululwazi ingcwatywe kwi-London Censtary Green Cormet (yindawo yamangcwaba ayo yonke ishawa).
Impumelelo yesayensi kunye nezinto ezenziweyo zeBabja kwicandelo lezixhobo zekhompyuter zamkelwa kuphela emva kokubulawa kukaCharles. Ngo-2011, abaphandi baseBritane baqalisa iProjekthi yeProjekthi yeZigidi eziMininzi ", yenzelwe ukwenza umatshini wohlalutyo lweBabja. Isixhobo kufuneka sibe ne-675 yememori kwaye isebenze rhoqo kwi-7 hz. Kucetyelwe ukugqiba umsebenzi wenzondelelo ngo-2021, ixesha lokwakhiwa kwemoto ukuya kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-150 yokufa kukaCharles Babja.
Ngenxa yoqhagamshelo lwenzululwazi ngo-2007, umzobo wakhe wavela kwi-banknote ngehlelo le-5 leepawundi zeLotton, imali yengingqi.