Biography
UMargaret Mitchell ngumbhali, owoliswa ngulowo wazisa inoveli "umoya". Incwadi yapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1936. Utshintshelwe kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo kwaye waphinda waphinda waphinda waphinda waphinda wafumana izihlandlo ezili-100. Umsebenzi wawusoloko usibizwa ngokuba "yincwadi yenkulungwane", kuba kwiRomatity ide ibe nkulu ngo-2014 yayingaphezulu kwenye imibhalo ebalaseleyo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UMargaret Mitchell wazalwa nge-8 kaNovemba eAtlanta, eGeorgia, kwintsapho ekhuselweyo nenempumelelo. Wayeyi-scorpion kumqondiso we-zodiac kunye ne-Irish ngobuzwe. Oogqirha bakaMitchell emgceni katata bafudukela eUnited States eIreland, nakwizihlobo nakumama bafudukela kwindawo entsha yokuhlala eFransi. Kwaye loo nto kunye nabanye babenzelwa uMzantsi Ngexesha leMfazwe yamaKhaya ye-1861-1865.
Le ntombazana yayinomzalwana okhulileyo ogama linguStefano (uStephen). Utata wasebenza njengegqwetha kwaye wabandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezinxulumene nepropathi. U-Eugene Mitchell wenza usapho ukuba lungenelele kuluntu oluphezulu. Wayenemfundo ebalaseleyo, yayingusihlalo woluntu lwembali yasezidolophini nasekutshatweni lwayo lwaphupha lokuba ngumbhali. Wakhulisa abantwana ngokuhlonela ooyihlo kunye nexesha elidlulileyo, elidla ngokuthetha ngeziganeko zemfazwe yamakhaya.
Akunakwenzeka ukujongela phantsi kwaye imizamo kamama. Umfundi kunye nenjongo, weva inenekazi elibalaseleyo, elaliphambi kwexesha. UMaria Isabella wayephakathi kwabasekeli bephulo lokuvota abafazi kwaye babandakanya ukunxulumana amaKatolika. Lo mfazi wayitshabalalisa intombi yakhe intlekele entle kwaye yayalela ngendlela eyiyo. IMargaret ithanda i-cinema, iinoveli ze-adventure, ukukhwela kunye nokukhwela emithini. Nangona intombazana yayiziphatha kakuhle eluntwini kwaye yadanisa ngokugqibeleleyo.
Kwiminyaka yesikolo, iMitchell yabhala umdlalo we-mug ye-holothi yomfundi. Ke, ukuba ngumfundi weseminari yaseWashington, ubekho kwiPhilindlonon eAtlanta. Apho waba nguMdali kunye nenkokeli yeklabhu enkulu. Ukongeza kwityala le-theatrical, uMargaret wayenomdla kwintatheli. Wayengumhleli weNcwadi yoNyaka yeZikolo "iinyani kunye neZimvo" kwaye wabamba isikhundla sikaMeongameli weWashington Local Society Society.
Kwiminyaka eyi-18 iMargaret Mitchell yadibana neHenry Clifford, indabuko laseNew York iminyaka engama-22. Ukwazi kwenzeka ngokudanisa kwaye kwanika ithemba lokuphuhliswa kobudlelwane, kodwa uHenry kufuneka aye ngaphambili ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwiimfazwe zehlabathi lokuqala eFrance. UMargaret ufake i-Smith Smith eNorthampton, eMassachusetts. Kweli ziko lemfundo, wafunda i-Psychology nentanda-bulumko.
Ngo-1918, uMargaret wafunda ngokusweleka komyeni. Usizi lwakhe lwaphindaphindwa xa iindaba zafakwe ngumama osweleke esichengeni. Intombazana yabuyela kwi-Atlant ukuya kunceda utata wakhe, yaba yinkosikazi yelifa laza laza labanjiswa ngabaphathi babo. Kwibhayiloji ye-Mitchell, i-Scarlett o'hara ibonakala. UMargaret wayengumntu onesibindi, onesibindi nobuqili. Ngo-1922, waba yintatheli ye-Atlanta Joenal uhlelo, kuba abhalwa ngukumkani.
Iincwadi
"Ukuhlanjwa" - umRoma owazisa uMargaret Mitchell. Ngo-1926, umbhali waphula i-ankle wayeka ukusebenzisana neli phephancwadi awayesebenza kulo. Waphefumlelwa ngumsebenzi ozimeleyo, nangona wayeyibhala ngokungacwangciswanga. Ukuba ngumazantsi, uMargaret wenza inoveli malunga neziganeko zemfazwe yamakhaya, uzivavanya kwimbono yakhe, ephantsi.
Kodwa iMitchell yayinomdla kwizibakala zembali kwaye yayisekwe kwiinkcazo kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Uthathe udliwanondlebe naye wangaphambili abaphumeleleyo. Emva koko, umbhali wathi oonobumba benoveli abanazo iiprototypes zokwenyani. Kodwa, ukwazi amanani eembono zabafotirivers, ukuqonda isimilo kunye neempawu zexesha loxinzelelo olukhulu, i-psychoshalysis, itchell yanika iqhawe eliphambili kunye neempawu. Isimboli eMelika yayingenguye olona hlobo lokuziphatha.
UMargaret waphumelela ngenyameko isithuba ngasinye. Ngokwembali, owokuqala wayenemahluko engama-60 kunye neYilo. Inyaniso enomdla: Ekuqaleni, umbhali obizwa ngokuba nguPansy kwaye ngaphambi kokuba anike lo mbhalo-ngqangisi kumshicileli, watshintsha ingqondo, elungisa igama lika-Scarlett.
Incwadi ikhuphe umshicileli uMcmilllan ngo-1936. Kunyaka kamva, uMargaret Mitchell waba ngumnini webhaso le-pitzer. Ukusukela kwiintsuku zokuqala, amanani eShed Roman Roman. Kwiinyanga ezi-6 zokuqala, ukusasazeka kwe-1 yezigidi kuthengisiwe namhlanje. Namhlanje, le ncwadi ithengiswa nge-250 lamawaka eekopi ngonyaka. Umsebenzi uguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezingama-27 kwaye eUnited States uprintwe ngaphezulu kwama-70.
Amalungelo kummiselo athengiselwe nge- $ 50 yamawaka, kwaye le mali yayirekhodi. Ngo-1939, uVictor Fleatic film eRoma Mitchell wakhutshwa kwizikrini. Ufumene i-8 starupettes "oscar". Indima ye-Dorta Butter iphumeze i-clark iby, kwaye i-scarlett idlale i-vivien vivien lee.
Umdlali weqonga wayefuna indima enkulu iminyaka emi-2 kwaye yamkelwa kuphela uMdlali we-Persormere okhumbuze uMlawuli kumorgaret oselula. Ukuthandwa kwe-Scarlett kuye kwandiswa emva kwe-preasere yeteyiphu. Kwiishelfu zeevenkile, iiladi zabasetyhini kwisitayile seqhawe lavela.
IMargaret Mitchell vele inqabile ukudala ukuqhubeka kwenoveli. Ngaphezu koko, wayefundisa emva kokuba efile ukuba atshabalalise eminye imisebenzi yabo, ke ngoko akunakwenzeka ukwenza i-bibliography epheleleyo namhlanje. Ukuba ukuqhubeka kwebali Hreelett kwaye wabakho, umfundi akazazi ngayo. Ezinye izinto ezibhaliweyo phantsi kwegama lombhali azizange zipapashwe.
Ubomi Buqu
UMargaret Mitchell wayetshatile kabini. Umyeni wakhe wokuqala yayingumthengisi otywala obungekho mthethweni, indoda ye-birn nrava berrien hinnard anger. Ukubethwa kunye nokugculelwa kweqabane lakho kwanika intombazana ukuba iqonde ukuba ukhetha ngokungachanekanga.
Ngo-1925, iMitchell yahlukana naye kwaye yatshata noJohn Marsha, iarhente ye-inshurensi. Inomdla wokwazi ukuba abantu abancinci babeqhelene nokususela ngo-1921 kunye nokucwangciswa kokuzibandakanya. Abantu babo sele beqhelekile, kwaye kwachazwa lo msitho. Kodwa isimangalo se-RAPID SMRTART saphula ubomi bakhe.
UJohn wanyanzelisa ukuba uMargaret ushiya umsebenzi wentatheli, kwaye usapho lwazinza kwisitalato se-peach. Kukho intatheli yangaphambili kwaye yaqala ukubhala incwadi. Indoda ibonakalisa imimangaliso yokunyaniseka kunye nomonde. Walibala ngekhwele lakhe kwaye wahlulahlula ngokupheleleyo izilangazelelo zeqabane. I-Matshi yaphembelela iMargaret ukuba ithathe ipeni hayi eluntwini, kodwa ngenxa yokoneliseka, ngenxa yokuba ungumfazi wasekhaya, ngenxa yokuba i-Minkene, iMitchell ihlala ifumana uxinzelelo ngenxa yokunqongophala komsebenzi obalulekileyo.
Ukufundwa ngokulula kwengqondo yakhe yokubuza bekungekho. Ngo-1926, iMitchell yafumana umatshini wokuchwetheza obhaliweyo kwiqabane lakhe. UYohane wamxhasa umfazi wakhe kuyo yonke into. Ukubuya emsebenzini, wafunda izinto ezibhaliweyo nguye, wanceda ukucinga nge-ploupetics kunye nokungqubana, kwazisa ii -ds zaza zajonga imithombo yoqobo ukuchaza ixesha.
Ukupapashwa kwenoveli kwazisa uMbhali kwiHlabathi kudume emhlabeni, kodwa uzuko lwagqabhuka eMitchell waba ngumthwalo omkhulu. Wayengafuni ukhubazekile kwaye akazange ahambe nasekupheleni kwe-cinema kwincwadi yakhe. UMargaret wamenyelwa kwiiyunivesithi ukuba afunde izifundo, iifoto zayo zivele kuyo yonke indawo, kwaye iintatheli zacelwa ngokucela udliwanondlebe.
Uxanduva ngeli xesha, uJohn Marsh wathabatha. Umyeni wombhali waxhasa imbalelwano nabavakalisi kunye nemicimbi elawula imali. Wazinikezela ekuziphenduleni komfazi wakhe. Umlingane uqikelelwa uqobo, ke inoveli "ihambile umoya" inikelwe kwindoda ethandekayo iMargaret Mitchell.
Ukufa
UMargaret wasweleka nge-16 ka-Agasti, ngo-1949. Unobangela wokufa yayiyingozi yemoto. Wayedutyulwe imoto, eqhuba umqhubi onxilayo. Ngenxa yengozi, umbhali akazange afike ekuqinisekisweni. Ibhinqa langcwatyelwa eAtlanta, kumangcwaba e-Oakland. I-Margaret ye-Margaret Mitchell yayihlala emva kokuba ifile iminyaka emi-3.
Kwinkumbulo zombhali, iikowuti ezininzi zahlala, ifilimu "inkanuko evuthayo: Ibali likaMargaret Mitchell", echaza i-biography Mitchell ", echaza i-biography yomfazi, ifoto, udliwanondlebe nenoveli engafiyo.
Ngo-1991, uAlexander Rumpley wakhupha incwadi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Scarlett, eyayiqhubeka "kukuqhubeka" kwe "moya". Inkcazo yenoveli yavuselela umdla omtsha womdla ongumsebenzi kaMargaret Mitchell.
Iikowuti
Andiyi kucinga ngayo namhlanje, ndiza kucinga ngayo ngomso "" xa umfazi akakwazi ukulila, yoyikisa "" "I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1936 - "Uphume ngumoya"