Biography
I-Vasily Polenov yenye yabadlali abaphambili baseRussia wenkulungwane ye-Xix. Umculi ukhumbule uluntu njengokuziva lunemvakalelo engathethekiyo, umlandeli onekhwele. Umfanekiso wakhe "uKrestu nomoni" nguMbutho waba yinxalenye yengqokelela yoMlawuli wase-Elexander III, kunye neNkundla yaseMoscow ye-cannon "yohlobo olusondeleyo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-vasily DMITEREVICH izalwa nge-20 kaMeyi 1 (nge-1 kaJuni kwi-1844 eSt. Petersburg. Inkwenkwe kunye nokholo lwakhe lwaseTwina lwaba luzibulo lwezinto zakudala ze-DARHARYCHY VIMMINGENHICH kunye nomculi, umbhali waBantwana uMaria Alekseevna waikova. Ekhaya, abantwana abathathu akhuliswa: uKonstantin (1848. R.), Alexey (1849. R.), Elena (1850. R.). UMzalwan 'uAlexander wasweleka kwasebusaneni.
UMaria Alekseevna, obandakanyeka ekupeyeni phantsi kobunkokeli baseKarl Brrullov, ethanda ukuzoba imifanekiso. Ngenxa yoku, abantu bexesha elide bayazi ukuba i-valenely polenov ijongeka njani ebuntwaneni.
Abantwana bakhulela kwintsapho yendalo. Umakhulu vera nikolaevna murikova wayesazi ngokugqibeleleyo iRashiya ngokugqibeleleyo, ethanda imibongo kaZwelonke kunye neentsomi. Abazukulwana bahlala beza kwipropathi yakhe kwingingqi yetambov. Kwidolophu yabo, babelinde ukhuphiswano kubugcisa bokuzoba, beqanduse, njl njl. Ngeyona misebenzi ilungileyo, ugogo wanika iimbasa ezenziwe ekhaya.
Nabazali baxhase i-gurts yendalo, abaqeshiweyo ootitshala abadumileyo abavela kwi-Academy yobugcisa, umzekelo, ePavel Chistyakucov. Emva koko, valily DMITRICEVICHID ziphumelele kuhlobo olusezantsi, kwaye udadewabo uElena waba ngomnye wabafazi bokuqala - ababoniswa beencwadi zabantwana.
I-Polenov kwangethuba yayiziva inqwenele i-canvas kwaye yayiza kusebenza kwi-Academy yobugcisa, kodwa abazali banyanzelisa ukufumana imfundo "ebaluleke kakhulu". Ngo-1861-1663, umfana wafumana ulwazi ngokubanzi kwi-olones ye-gimmasium yephondo ePetrozavdsk, yathengiswa nge-Alexei, yathengiswa nge-Alexei, yathengiswa nge-Interbult yeYunivesithi yaseStters.
Ngexesha lakhe elikhululekileyo, ixesha le-polenov lityelele iikhosi zobugcisa, elingekuko ukupeyinta kuphela, kodwa ne-anatomy, yejoloy. Apha, umculi wexesha elizayo watyhila italente yomculo: wayecula kwi-choir, equlanti kwipiyano, yayiyinkqubo ye-opera. Kuninzi emva kwexesha, ngo-1906, i-Preserest ye "Goolts" yabanjwa "e-Polyenov" yabanjwa kwi-moscow.
Emva kokuphumelela kumfundi onesilivere ngembasa yepeyinti yakhe ngo-1867, iAlma Mater ayishiyanga i-polenov, kodwa wangena kumakhakali omthetho. Emva kweminyaka emi-5, ukhusele ngempumelelo i-thessis yakhe kwisihloko "kwixabiso le-ART ekusebenzeni kwalo kwi-crafts".
Ukupeyinta
Ngo-1867, iPolenov yathimba umakhulu we-Nikolaelagivna kwi-canvas, kwaye le mifanekiso yaba ngumsebenzi wetyala lombhali.
Inyaniso enomdla: kwimithombo emininzi ibichaziwe ukuba ngo-1869 umzobi wafumana imbasa encinci yegolide yokupeyinta "Imisebenzi kunye nabahlobo bakhe." Ngapha koko, umsebenzi ngomnye umntu ofunda naye kwi-polenov, ukupeyinta i-ilya edumileyo. I-vadrily DMITERICHICE ifumene ibhaso lokuqala lendalo - Imbasa enkulu yegolide - ngo-1871 ye-canvas "i-canvas intombi kaJayire".
Kwitalente ebonakalayo, i-polenov kunye nentlawulo ithunyelwe kwi-Europer. Ngaphandle kweminyaka engama-27 ubudala - iminyaka engama-27 ubudala, i-vasily dmiteevich ayinakuthatha isigqibo sokuzinikela ekuzinikeleni. Ukuphefumlelwa, waya kwiZiko loLondolozo lweNdawo: Ukunxibelelana neenkosi zepeni: UCarlo Pilot, iArnold Becklin, Hans Makartu.
Kumgangatho oneminyaka emi-6 ubudala, imihlaba yazalwa ngokuthi "ihashe elimhlophe. I-NONNYMAYY "(1874)," Imibala ye-Italiyane "(1874)," I-1874), "i-18.45), umzobo we-huggentin nimolin de metanin de thein" (1876 Inikezwe inqanaba lobugcisa bemfundo.
Ngokundwendwela iVienna, iMunich, ezona dolophu zindala zase-Itali naseFrance, ngo-1876 umzobi wabuyela eRussia ngombono ocacileyo wendlela yokudala.
"Ndizamile kwaye ndizame konke ukuzalwa kwepeyinti: imbali, i-Marina, imifanekiso yendalo, indalo emfazwe isondele kakhulu kubume bomhlaba, uhlobo lwasekhaya, endinalo Uya kwenza. "- ubhale kwidayari ye-polenov.
Ukwenza ubuchule ngokukhawuleza ekufikeni kukaVasily DMMITICHICH akunaxesha - kwaqala imfazwe yaseRussia. Nangona kunjalo, iilori zikarhulumente, beva malunga ne-Academy yeZiko lobuGcisa, elimenyiwe ukuba lithathe indawo yomculi osemthethweni ongaphantsi kweAlexander III.
Into eyoyikisayo yemfazwe, inkosi yepeni idluliselwe kwi-canungel yamandla, kwaye ephepheni - imizobo yakhe yangaphambili yaprintwa kwimagazini "inyosi". Ingqwalaselo engakumbi ye-polenov ehlawulelwe kwimihlaba yoxolo. Ngexesha lokudibana kwe-Russian kunye ne-ottoman igadi, "igadi yase-Otkoman" kunye "ne-moscow divrak" (1878) zadalwa, kwangoko emva kwemfazwe - (1879).
Ukupeyinta "I-Moskovsky Diversik" ithathelwa ingqalelo enye yezona zinto zidume kakhulu emsebenzini wePlenov. Wabamba ubomi babemi phakathi kosuku lwehlobo: Ibhinqa litsala i-gocker, abantwana badlala engca, ihashe elixhotyisiweyo liyidlelo. Ngasemva-izindlu eziwileyo, kodwa amandla asindiwa eSand. Oogxa be-Polenov benza i-cyvas ejongene nohlobo olwahlukileyo - "umhlaba osondeleyo".
Ebutsheni be-1880s, umhlaba waseMpuma kunye neenjongo ezisebhayibhileni zavela emsebenzini weVasily DMMMICICHich. Ngeli xesha lebhayiloji, umzobi waqhubela phambili kwi-cradle yobuKristu: iConstantinople, ePalestine, eSyria. Endleleni, iipeyinti zazalwa "IBhetelehem", "Oonine egadini egadini", "uMthombo wentombi enyulu yaseNazarete" (1882).
Kwangelo xesha, i-polenov yaqalisa ukubhala ilaphu le-Epoch "uKrestu nomoni". Uyilo lokupeyinta "U-Kristu kunye noMoni" (elinye igama - "Ngubani ongenasono?") Uvele kwi-polenov phantsi kombono we-canvas "ka-Alexander Ivanova. Umculi wayefuna ukubonisa uYesu, ongenguye ogqibeleleyo, kodwa ukho phakathi kwesinye lamalungu.
Sebenza ngomsebenzi wenziwa ixesha elide, kwaye ukuba akunjalo ukuba udadewethu uVasiely Dmitrievich, akazange afele, ukholo uthathe isithembiso kumntakwabo ukuba uza kuwenza ifomathi yakhe enkulu. Imizobo yokuqala yembali yemihla ngemihla ka-Kristu yabonakala nge-1870s, kunye nomsebenzi wokugqibela-ngo-1888.
"U-Kristu kunye noMoni" baqondwa ngokuthandabuza, abaqalayo bade bayeke ukuvumela amanqwazi kumboniso. UAlexander III ufumene umfanekiso ngengqokelela yakhe, kwaye indawo yomlawuli kumzobi batshintsha kwangoko inkampani.
Iiplani kwiphondo le-tila, kwiibhanki zomfula we-OKE, zithengiwe kwimali. Emva kwexesha lakhiwa yiBoron Manor. Uluvo, oluvula kwiifestile zelifa, lwalusekwe kwiindonga "ekwiNdawo yeBhola", "kumnandi. Ekwindla emlonyeni kufutshane neTarpuza "," Chapel kwiBhanki ye-Oka "(1893).
Ngeminyaka yee-1900s, umzobi oqokelelelweyo oqokelelweyo wonyaka wokuqala kunye nothotho lwemifanekiso "kubomi bukaKristu." Umboniso obanjwe ngo-1909 wayenempumelelo enkulu kwaye wabeka igama le-Polenov kuluhlu lweyona ntlungu ibalaseleyo yexesha lethu.
Umfanekiso wokugqibela we-vasierievich "oka. I-Steamer "Vladimir", iguqulwe yaba yi-tug "yemihla yaya kwi-1920.
Ubomi Buqu
Kubomi bobuqu ye-vasily polenov yayingumfazi omnye kuphela - i-natalia vasineevna yakkxikova, intombi yomthengisi weMoscow. Waba ngumfazi womculi ngo-1882.
Abantwana abazalwa emtshatweni. UFerdo olwenziweyo, wavela ngo-1884T, akazange aphile iminyaka emibini ubudala. I-DMMMMY (1886 R.), UCatherine (1887 iphe.), Maria (1891, R.), i-Olga (1894) kunye noNatalia (1898.).
Ukufa
Ukufa kukaVasirievich Polenov kunyaka wobomi be-83 wobomi, nge-18, 1927, kwi-Borz Estate. Ungcwatywe kumaphandle amangcwaba asemaphandleni kwiibhanki zoMlambo iAka. Ngokutsho kokugqibela komntu oswelekileyo engcwabeni, kufakwe i-Olonetsky Cross.
Emva kokushiya ubomi, ilifa le-Polenov laqhubeka lihlala. Ngoku imbali yesikhumbuzo sembali kunye nobugcisa kunye nemyuziyam yemyuziyam-reser v. D. Polenova ikhoyo ngoku kwi-Borz Estate. Iintloko zeziko ngamaxesha onke yayizizalamane zomculi.
Ukupeyinta
- Ngo-1867 - "umzobo wokholo lukaNikolaevna olwenziwe emkhosini"
- Ngo-1873 - "Birch noFern"
- Ngo-1874 - "ihashe elimhlophe. Normandy "
- Ngo-1874 - "Mil kwi-völet. Normandy "
- Ngo-1875 - "ukubamba i-hugget wanin de memomon"
- 1877 - "uMoskovsky Diversik"
- Ngo-1878 - "Igadi yaseBabushkin"
- I-1879 - "I-Ingrown echinge"
- 1882 - "Bethlehem"
- Ngo-1888 - "UKristu nomoni"
- 1891 - "ikhephu kwangoko"
- Ngo-1896-19099 - "Ubulumko Babubuhlungu"
- 1908 - "Nguwuphi na kuni ongenasono?"