Biography
Imisebenzi kaRaphael Sabatini iya kukhokelela kwi-Reader kwiLizwe le-Adventure emangalisayo, amadoda angenamntu, amagqabi anobundlobongela kunye nothando oluthandekayo. Umsebenzi wombhali wazalwa njengento yokuzonwabisa ebangela umdla, kwaye kwakufika ukuqola xa sele efumene amava kwibright Brikelele yeBritish. Umbhali wabhala ngaphezulu kweenoveli ezihle ezingama-50 kunye nenoveli, kodwa odumileyo "kaOdlessey kaKaptain Blad" wamzisa encotsheni yozuko nobutyebi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
URafael Sabatini wazalwa ngo-Epreli 29, 1875 kwisixeko saseYezi, e-Itali. Utata-Italian Vincenzo Sabatini, Anna Traflord Englishwoman. Bobabini abazali bangabasebenzi abadumileyo (Tenor kunye neSoprano), kwaye bakhusele kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, inkwenkwe ikhule kwilizwe lasekhaya - ngotatomkhulu, kwilali encinci phantsi kweLiverpool.
Umzimba wololusapho welali yesiNgesi ngokugqibeleleyo wayenempumelelo, kwaye inkwenkwe ingene kwiincwadi zokufunda, ukuphucula ulwazi lolwimi lwesiNgesi ukongeza kwisiTaliyane. Xa abazali bakaRafael bawugqiba umsebenzi wokucula kwaye bahlala kwizibuko ngokuvula isikolo sabo, waya ePortugal. Apha ndafunda kwisikolo samaKatolika, ndisazi ulwazi lwesiPhuthukezi. Egcweleyo abazali abazali bathumela unyana wakhe eSwitzerland, apho kongezwa isiFrentshi neJamani ulwazi lwePolyglot.
Ngobukrakra ezazi iilwimi ezi-5 zaseYurophu, iSabatini ibuyela eNgilane (Liverpool) kwaye yaqala umsebenzi wakhe womrhwebi. Wangena kwinkonzo kwinkampani enkulu yokurhweba, apho wayeya khona imbalelwano yamanye amazwe namaqabane. Kodwa lo msebenzi unemfana. Ukusuka kwiLizwe Elidinisayo yoonobumba boShishino kunye nokubhengezwa, watsalwa kwinyani yemibhalo yakhe kwaye ethandana naye.
Iincwadi
URafael Sabatini uqalisa ukubhala ngasekupheleni kwe-1890s. Kwaye sele ngo-1902, abalandeli bokuqala boveli "bavela. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, ukusuka phantsi kwepeni yombhali, imbali yembali "knight yeTevern" iphuma, ixelele ngomzabalazo wamandla oOliver Cromwell, ngokuchasene nemvelaphi ye-Engvilla yenkulungwane yeXvisi. Lo msebenzi uzisa i-sabatini impumelelo yokuqala. Umbhali uqukumbela isivumelwano nomshicileli kwaye ushiye umsebenzi ongathandwanga kwezorhwebo.
Ngo-1905, uSabatini wayetshatile, wafudukela eLondon kwaye esondelelene nemisebenzi yokubhala. Kwiminyaka yee-1910s, ubhala eminye imisebenzi enikelwe kwi-biography yezopolitiko yakhe ethandekayo yakudala - i-Cesare Borjia. Lo mlinganiswa wasembali uvela kwiinoveli ze "Nkundla kaDuke" kunye "nobomi bukaCesare Borjia", "Banner Bully" (1912).
Ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, uSabatini wabuyela ekuguquleleni imisebenzi phantsi kwe-auspices yengqondo yeBritane. Kodwa ayiphosi intsimi yoncwadi. Ukujonga umxholo we-palace i-inrigues, umbhali ubhaptizelwe kwizihloko ze-adventure. Eli ligorha lenoveli lakhe "(1915) - i-cernish geneman i-olrescien, eya kuba yintando yekamva, iba sisindile i-grabner ye-nicre ye-nicre (i-hawk yolwandle).
Ngelixa abafundi banandipha isincoko esitsha sombhali othandekayo, uSabatini wathatha umsebenzi olandelayo. Umbono wokubhala "ubusuku bamabali" (1917) weza ngelixa esebenza kumaxwebhu agciniweyo. Ukuphonononga iziganeko zeminyaka edlulileyo, umbhali uye wakhubeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumachibi amhlophe, amabala angaqhelekanga kunye agqibe kwelokuba aqokelele amabali aqatha kunye neenkulungwane ezidlulileyo ngesabelo esincinci sootoliko oludlulileyo. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi wevolumu 2 wafunyanwa ngohlobo lweprosesi yembali.
Kwiminyaka elishumi yokuqala yenkulungwane entsha, igama leSabatini lalisaziwa kakhulu kwiincwadana zaseBritane. Kodwa i-apogee yombhali woMbhali wafikelela kwi-20s. Isizathu yayikukukhutshelwa kwabadlali ababini abalungileyo-I-Nomans "Scaramush" (1921) kunye ne "Odyssey Captain Blade" (1922).
Umsebenzi wokuqala wazisa umfundi kunye neziganeko zotshintsho lwaseFrance, ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yobomi bomthetho waselunxwemeni, uAndre-Louis Moro, unyanzelekile ukuba alwe iintshaba zakhe.
Kumsebenzi owenza "odyssey ..." sabatini ubuyela kumxholo waselwandle owuthandayo. Ngeli xesha protagonist yakhe nguPeter Blad, iBachelor yamayeza kunye nomkhosi wangaphambili. Ngokukrokrela ubuncwane bukarhulumente, igazi lagwetywa, kodwa endaweni yokubulawa kwabantu ethengiswe eNtshona India, ukusuka apho waqala khona ukutsala kwakhe kumaza eCaribbean.
Kukholelwa ukuba enye yeeprototypes ze-chaptrity blad yimbali yesiNgesi ye-pharate ye-xvisi yenkulungwane ye-XVY Morgan. Nangona kunjalo, kuyacaca ukuba umbhali wathabatha isiseko sokuthilulwa okukhulu komntu okuphela komntu, ukugqibelela kwayo kubugcisa bolawulo lwezithuthi, kodwa kungabi kakhulu kunye nokungasebenzi. Iqhawe laseSabatini ngumntu ozukiswayo kwaye ethembekile kwiminqophiso yakhe, kwaye entliziyweni yakhe idla ubomi bokwenene, osiphelelayo kwaye ukhokelela kubomi boxolo.
"I-Odyssey Captain Blad" yayikukufunda. Abapapashi bayacelwa ukuba bagqibe kwelokuba bagqibe kwelokuba baphinde baphinde baphinde. Umsebenzi waqala ukuguqulela kwezinye iilwimi. Ulonwabo olumnandi olunjalo umbhali ukuba aqhubeke. Ngenxa yoko kwabhalwa iincwadi ezi-2 eziquka iincwadi eziqukayo kwi-Trilogy: "CUROMICle kaKaptain Blad" (1931) kunye "neNtsapho umphathi blad" (1936).
Incwadi yesithathu yaphuma emva kovavanyo lwenoveli ngo-1935. Umlawuli obalaseleyo waseMelika uMichael Couct Cart, iindima eziphambili kwifilimu idlalwa iinkwenkwezi zeHollywood Falnn kunye ne-olivia de haviland idlalwe kwifilimu.
Kukwakwi-Wave yempumelelo ethi "Umxholo othi", Sabatini ubhala inoveli "ye-Swan", eyazisa ngqo iHenry Morgan kunye ne-adventure yakhe. Ekupheleni kwe-30s, umbhali ubhala iinoveli "Mask" (1934) kunye "ne-Islam ye-Implam" (1939). Ngo-1940, esi sifo senze uSabatini sicothise inkqubo yokuyila, nangona wabhala umsebenzi oliqela ngeli xesha. Omnye wabo yinoveli "uColumbus" (1941) ngobomi boMoya omkhulu. Inoveli yokugqibela kwi-Master Bibliografi, "wabona umdlali ngo-1949.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1905, uRafael Sabatini watshata nentombi yomthengisi we-Liverpaol enkulu - uRute Dickson. UNyana wazalwa ngunyana kaRafael Angelo kwi-ninses. Ngo-1927, indoda yasweleka ngengozi yengozi: baya emotweni omtsha kunye nonina, apho umfana wafumana isipho esivela kubazali bakhe kwisiphelo esiphumelelayo sesikolo. URute, ophosa ngaphandle emotweni, wasinda, kwaye lowo waswelekayo wasweleka.
Ukufa kokuphela konyana kwamenza umbhali kuxinzelelo olukhulu, ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yoqhawulo-mtshato lukaRute walandelwa ngo-1931. Umbhali onesizungu ushiya iLondon kwaye uhlale eClifford, uthenge indlu encinci enamachibi. Apha, emva komsebenzi kunye ne-bachelor yovuyo ethula ngendlela yokuloba, uguqula ixesha, ukuphiliswa ngokuthe ngcembe.
I-tude entsha yombhali wemikhosi ebalulekileyo ivakalelwa kukuba notshintsho kubomi bakhe: ngo-1935 utshata i-saket yangaphambili ye-sachet, i-skroptor cerica dixota njengomntu ongumthonyama.
Nangona kunjalo, ilitye elingamashishini labonakala ngathi litshutshisa umbhali. Ngo-1940, eLanelot, ababesandul 'ukufumene kunyanzeliso lwaseBritani, wahlulwa waba yingozi enkulu phambi kweSabatini nenkosikazi yakhe, besenza ikhaya labo kwiClifford. Kwathi, kwakhona ngento engaqhelekanga, ngomhla wokufa kweebhanti. Izizathu zokuyisela inqwelo moya ayizange icaciswe.
Ukufa
Ukutshata uChristine, umbhali ngamnye ebusika waqala ukukhwela i-SwissRoRTARTODEN KOKUGQIBELA. NgoJanuwari 1950, bona kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, njengesiqhelo, baya kuhambo olude, nangona uSabatini wayesele ebuthathaka. Ilahleko yabantwana abanamava abanakuchaphazela impilo yakhe. Phantse ngalo lonke ixesha umbhali ochithwa ebhedini, nangoFebruwari 13, 1950, uSabatini wasweleka.
Umbhali-mbali obalaseleyo oqinisekisiweyo ungcwatyelwe kwintanda ka-Adelboden. Ingcwaba lakhe alihonjiswanga ayisiyiyo ifoto, kodwa yenzelwa isikhumbuzo esihle, esenziwe ngesandla seqabane likaChristina. I-Sabatini iboniswa iwa, ebusweni, isandla sakhe sixazulula isiphatho sakhe, isixhobo esinyanisiweyo sobuchule bakhe.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1902 - "ivonna abalandeli"
- I-1904 - "Knight Taverns"
- Ngo-1906 - "i-birdellis inkulu"
- I-1911 - "Derzoga nkundla"
- Ngo-1912 - "Ubomi bukaCesare Borjia"
- Ngo-1915 - "hawk yolwandle"
- Ngo-1917 - "Ubusuku Bembali"
- Ngo-1921 - uSkaramush
- Ngo-1922 - "Odyssey ParInin Blad"
- Ngo-1931 - "CUROMICLE YAPRINAIN Blad"
- Ngo-1932 - "Swen emnyama"
- Ngo-1934 - "I-Venetian Mask"
- Ngo-1936 - "I-Goal Captain Blad"
- Ngo-1939 - "I-Islam ye-Implam"
- Ngo-1941 - "I-Columbus"
- Ngo-1949 - "Umdlali"