Biography
I-odorr-idled ibisoloko ihambelana zombini ezincwadi nakwi-cinema. Abantu kufuneka baphuhlise i-adrenaline kunye neemvakalelo eziqaqambileyo, kwaye eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo kukuya kwi-cinema kwi-movie eyoyikisayo okanye ukufunyanwa kwencwadi entsha ngomxholo we-nerve. Yimisebenzi enjalo kunye nemigaqo ye-robert yaseMelika, ebizwa ngokuba yi "uStephen King zabantwana kunye nolutsha." Kwi-bibliography yombhali wolutsha olithandayo kwihlabathi liphela sele malunga neencwadi ezingama-500, kwaye umbhali akazukumisa apho.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-rography kaRobert Labert Lawrence uSina aqala ngo-Okthobha 8, 1943 kwiSixeko saseMelika saseColumbus Ohio. Inkwenkwe yaqalisa ukubhala amabali aneminyaka eli-9 ubudala ngoncedo lwamatshini abadala oshicilelweyo bafumana. Ekuqaleni, wayewagalele amahlaya namabali ahlekisayo, kwaye amabali awoyikekayo awayeza kwaziwa.
Kwiminyaka yesikolo, umbhali ophumeleleyo wayengenguye ophumeleleyo wangumfundi, kodwa wazibonakalisa kwelinye - iRobert yayikwiBhodi yephephandaba lesikolo, wapeyinta amabali amafutshane.
Utata kaSteney wasebenza njengomabhalana kwindawo yokugcina izinto, kwaye umama wayehlala ekhaya ukuze anyamekele uRobert omncinci kunye nabantakwabo noodadewabo. UStein kolunye udliwanondlebe wazichaza njengo "mntwana othusayo kakhulu," esithi "i-pinocchio (kwi-Russian Version yePyratino yePyratino iba luloyiko lokuqala.
"I-pinocchio yasekuqaleni ihamba kakhulu ... uya kulala, ebeka imilenze kwisitovu kwaye ngaloo ndlela etshisayo!".
KwiDyunivesithi yaseOhio, uRobert wayesagxile kumacala aqaqambileyo ebomini. Kwiminyaka eliqela, wahlela iphephancwadi lesikolo elihlekisayo ". Emva kokuphumelela kwiDyunivesithi phakathi kweminyaka yoo-1960s, umntu ofudukele eNew York.
Iincwadi
ENew York, uStein wasebenza njengombhali nomhleli. Ekugqibeleni, wafumana isikhundla kwi-Scholastic, inc., esebenza apho kwiimagazini zabantwana. Ebudeni-1970s, lo mfo wadalwa lijenali ehlekisayo yebhanana, emva koko kwapapashwa u-Maniac. Ngexesha lakhe elikhululekileyo, uRobert wabhala iincwadi ezihlekisayo zabantwana ababizwa ngokuba "bob Stein".
Ukulahleka umsebenzi kwi-Scholastic ngexesha lokuhlengahlengiswa kweNkampani, uStein waqala ukubhala ngokusisigxina. Utshintshele kuhlobo oloyikisayo, ebhala ibali lakhe lokuqala elibizwa ngokuba "nguMhla oboniyo." Incwadi ekhutshwe ngo-1986 yamkelekile ngokufudumeleyo, ngathi ijijeke kwaye ijijeke, ipapashwe ngo-1987 nangowe-1989, ngokwahlukeneyo.
Ngo-1989, uStein wakhulula uthotho lwakhe lokuqala lweencwadi ezoyikisayo zabantu abaselula, obizwa ngokuba "yinkwenkwezi". Ichazwe njenge "apho kuhlala khona amaphupha akho amabi," wanikezelwa ebumnyameni obubumnyama bokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-haydiside. "I-STA STAK" inyuka yaya kwiinoveli ezili-100, ngenxa yoko, ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-80 iikopi zathengiswa ilizwe.
Olona tyekelo lweencwadi ezidumileyo nolubanzini lwe-robert "bothuka" (kwi-goosebumps "yoqobo") wabona ukukhanya ngo-1992. Iinguqulelo zokuqala zakhutshwa yinkampani yokushicilela yeParachute, apho wasebenza khona umfazi wakhe uJane. Kwimveliso yokuqala ebizwa ngokuba "Wamkelekile kwindlu efileyo" ngokukhawuleza walandela iinoveli ezintsha. Ngamaxesha athile, uStein wabhala enye okanye ezimbini ngenyanga. Ibali ngalinye lolu ngcelele laline-clifherheircherhesi helfrifherheshe ekupheleni kwezahluko.
Malunga "neentonga" kungekudala zithetha njengento ebhaliweyo. Iincwadi ziye zaba ngabasebenzi abalungileyo eUnited States nasekunyendzwe phesheya kwaye ekugqibeleni zaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezili-16 ezahlukeneyo. Ungcelele lwamanyuko waguqulwa waba luchungechunge olubizwa ngokuba "nguGoosebumps".
Imeko enkulu ethandwayo yeprojekthi kamabonwakude iguqule amabala kwelinye lawona mabali abantwana abaphumeleleyo ngalo lonke ixesha, kwaqala ukuthelekiswa nombhali owoyikekayo we-Leephen kumkani. Ngokubanzi, uthotho lwaluquka iziqendu ezingama-74 ngexesha elingamalunga nemizuzu engama-20 nganye.
Xa i-1990s yaphelisa, "iifilimo ezinokothusayo" zaqala ukunyamalala. Ngo-2000, umbhali ukhuphe igumbi elitsha elithi "Igumbi loloyiko", kwincwadi nganye yecandelo elikwi-intanethi (abafundi banokuthatha isigqibo sokuba inyathelo elilandelayo liza kwenza ntoni iqhawe lembali). Ngo-2004, umntu waxhokonxa umxhelo nommangaliso "Ngubani oza kukhulula iziporho?" -Ibali lokuqala ukusuka kubukhulu becala kakhulu.
UStein uqhubeke nokukhulisa izikhombisi ezitsha, uxela malunga ne-vampires kwi "Justing" kunye ne-Classing "kwaye malunga noloyiko lwabafundi kwincwadi ka-2011 kwincwadi yokuqala esikolweni ... ngonaphakade!".
Ngokuka Robert, wenza imisebenzi yakhe ekulandeleleni okunjalo- iza nesihloko, emva koko isiphelo kunye nayo yonke enye into yomxholo. Indoda isebenza "kwiStudio Studio", ehonjiswe nge-skeleton, i-cockroach enkulu kunye nemaski yase-Afrika ene-onming smirk. I-Creepy Venatimes ivumela umbhali ukuba agungqe kwimozulu efunekayo. Kwi-stein ephakathi ipapasha iincwadi ezisi-7 minyaka le.
Ubomi Buqu
URobert Stein utshatile kumhleli woncwadi lukaJane. Lo mfazi waba ngumsunguli wendlu yokupapasha incwadi yokupapasha ishumi elivisayo, ephefumlelwe yimisebenzi yendoda yakhe. Uqala ukufunda kwaye ihlise amabali emijelo emitsha yombhali. Banonyana ogama linguMatvey, owazalwa ngo-1980.
Amaqabane ahlala eNew York. Ngokutsho kombhali, uyasithanda esi sixeko, kuye, unokujongana neemeko ezininzi njengakwesinye iSixeko esingentle inyanga.
UStein ngumsebenzisi osebenzayo wenethiwekhi yoluntu ye-Twitter. Unxibelelana nabalandeli, akhuphele ifoto ebomini bakhe kwaye azimelazelele izicwangciso zakhe zokudala.
Inyani emangalisayo kukuba uRobert akakholelwa kwiziporho okanye ezinye izinto zokomoya. Nangona kunjalo, une-phobia emfazwe ngokupheleleyo - umbhali wegreyiti osothusayo ubhekisa kumanzi.
URobert Stein ngoku
Ngo-Okthobha ka-2015, uthotho lweencwadi "ukothuka" wajika waba yifilimu ebude yeHollywood epheleleyo neJack Blade kwindima ye-STIINA. I-Screen Version iphumelele iintliziyo zabalandeli kunye nabagxeki kwifilimu, emva koko kwagqitywa kwelokuba ukuqhubela phambili. "Yorar-2: I-Hallowen engenamsebenzi" yaya kwizikrini ezinkulu kwihlabathi liphela ekuweni kuka-2018.
Ngoku umbhali uyaqhubeka nokuzivavanya iintlobo zemisebenzi yakhe, kodwa isahlawula ingqalelo eyaneleyo kumabali ambi abantwana kunye nolutsha, abanye babo babona ukukhanya ngo-2019.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1989 - "Entsha"
- 1992 - "Ifoto ebulalayo"
- Ngo-1993 - "Iintliziyo ezaphukileyo"
- 1993 - "Qala Ingcwaba likaFaro"
- Ngo-1996 - "Inkampu ye-Ghost"
- Ngo-1996 - "Zonke ezihlambuluke"
- Ngo-1997 - "Qala ichibi elibandayo"
- Ngo-2008 - "Impindezelo yeenodoli eziphilayo"
- Ngo-2012 - "imvula ebomvu"
- Ngo-2016 - "inkwenkwe efileyo"
- Ngo-2019 - "ukuziphindezela kwinkwenkwe engabonakaliyo"