Biography
Intatheli yaseCzech, i-Playwright kunye neProsaik, ityunjwe kwinkulungwane yama-20 kumvuzo we-Nobel, iKarel Chapek ngaphambili kunenkqubela phambili yemeko-ntle kunye nesayensi. I-bibliography yombhali eyayihlala iminyaka engama-48 ubudala ikhula kakhulu kwaye yahlukile, kwaye iigushaso aziluki.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Intatheli yexesha elizayo kwaye umbhali wapapasha isitayile sokuqala ngoJanuwari 1890 emantla eBohemia kwintsapho ye-Metica Antonina Chapeca. I-Natom Carel, udadewabo osele ekhulile uGelena kunye noMzalwan 'olileyo josef waba yidolophu yaseVice, apho i-chapta yaqhubela iinyanga ezi-6 emva kokuzalwa konyana omncinci, kuba utata wosapho wavula i-ofisi yezonyango. Amalungu osapho oselula ayebandakanyeka kubuchule bokuyila: uGelen noJosefu bazame ezincwadini. UMzalwan 'uKarel, ngaphandle, opeyintiwe ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye wayedume kwixesha elizayo njengezikrikhi.
Inkcubeko yeBohemia ye-Bohemia yenkulungwane ye-19 yayiyi-Bhechov, izithethe ze-Chechov, amaJamani kunye nezigulana ze-chapeca - oosomashishini abancinci. Rhoqo, wayebone umncinci uKarel notatomkhulu wakhe, ekhokela indlela yasemaphandleni. Ke ngoko, abantu abalula bezizwe ezahlukeneyo kunye nabasebenzi baba ziimpawu zeencwadi zikaChapeka.
Amabali okuqala Umbhali wexesha elizayo 'wemfazwe ngeSalamandra "wabhala ngokusebenzisana noJosef. Abazalwana babenobubele kakhulu, ndawonye kwiRiphabliki yaseCzech, eJamani naseFrance, babhala izincoko zohambo kunye.
Emva kokuphumelela kwiDyunivesithi kwiPrague Chapec kangangexesha elithile kusebenza nomphathi weGoreni kunye noncwadi. Kwibhayiloji yombhali akukho senkonzo yasemkhosini, njengoko iKarel kwasebuncinaneni bayo yayicheba isifo sephepha. Ukususela ngo-1917, umbhali waba yintatheli yendaba ethandwayo yaseCzech kakhulu- "iphephandaba elithi" leSizwe ", emva koko" abantu beGazethi ".
Iincwadi
I-CyArare Carare Chapeca igubungela phantse kuwo onke iintlobo zoncwadi: I-Peru Umbhali wezihlobo kunye nezincoko, amabali kunye neentsomi, iinoveli kunye neentsomi zababhali baseYurophu ukuya eCzech. Kodwa ezona zinto zibhaliweyo zazidume nge-satiri, i-playfightwing kunye nombhali wemisebenzi yentlalo yentlalo.
Idrama kaChapeca ibe sisiseko sokutshintsha kwe-prague "ithiyetha" yeqonga ", ibekwe kwikomkhulu laseCzechoslovakia, kunye nenye yemidlalo yase-Evgesia UGurchenkon wadlalwa, ubizwa ngokuba "yimfihlo yobutsha bayo").
I-fakeca kunye nee-hurisms ze-chapeca zicocwe kwiikowuti. Umbhali wadala uhlobo lwe-microdeette olodwa, oluboniswe kwiqokelelo "yamabali ukusuka kwipokotho enye" kunye "namabali ukusuka kwenye ipokotho." Elinye lala mabali, i "imbongi, ngokungalindelekanga eyona nto ibukekayo yengozi yendlela, ecamngca ngendlela ebonakalayo kwivesi zonke iinkcukacha zento eyenzekileyo.
Ityala, idume ngephephandaba i-chappe, yabeka phantsi umsebenzi "weGoserbarbar" evelise isikhundla sombhali "Inyaniso epheleleyo ayikho" - imbali yokubulala icwangcisiwe egameni labalinganiswa abathathu.
Kwingozi yokuvavanywa kwesayensi okuziphethe kakubi, umbhali wabhala kwisincoko sakuqala "R. ".Kwabonakala ngawo igama lerobhothi, nakwinoveli kase-fill". ISalayandras kwitoliki ye-chapeca zizilumko zezidalwa, zigcina ngokuthe chu. Kwi-Amphibians engathandekiyo ye-amphed, iimpawu zika-Adolf Hitler kunye nezinxulumani zakhe zithatyathwe.
Iintsomi ze-chapeca fairy aziphendulwanga kubaphulaphuli babantwana kuphela. "Intsomi malunga nomsila wenja", apho uMbhali ngokungathi uchaza injana imfuneko yokuphelisa "inkqubo ye-wist", ukufundisisa abantwana kunye nabantu abadala, kunye nabantu abadala. Kwimibhalo emincinci ye-prosaic kunye nabalinganiswa bemilingo ye-chapek exhaphakileyo, uqhele umbhali ukusukela ebuntwaneni (ke, kwi "Intsomi malunga namanzi" avela kwi-haggings, umlambo we-radchichi).
Ubomi Buqu
Ekuqaleni kwe-20s, uKarel waba ngabahlobo kunye nomxholo ngu-Olga Shainpflugugova, intombi yomhleli wamaphephandaba, apho kusebenza khona i-chapek. Umfazi ka-Olga waba ngumfazi ka-Olga kuphela ngo-1935, xa isifo, ethuthunjiswa ngumbhali iminyaka emininzi, kwabonakala ngathi iphinde ibuyise kwakhona. Ingcaciso malunga nezinye izinto zokuzonwabisa zomntu kunye nobukho babantwana azinayo: ubomi bukaKarel ayizange bubhengeze.
Ekuphela kwenkanuko yombhali, ukongeza kuncwadi, yayiyifoto. Inyaniso enomdla: owona msebenzi upapashiweyo eCzech kwithuba eliphakathi kweemfazwe yayiyincwadi yeChapeka "Dshasha, okanye iMpilo yoBomi bePuppy", iqulethe umbhali.
UKarel wadalwa i-Czechoslovak ipeni-Club, enobuhlobo kunye nomongameli wokuqala weCzechoslovakia tomarik, iingxoxo ezinezibini zeencwadi ze-capeca ezisekwe. Ukuba yi-YARM Anti-Fascist, umbhali, ngokungafaniyo 'nebhulukhwe yakhe, kubaleka ekuvavanyeni kwezentlalo (kutheni ndingengomKomanisi " ). Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba ukufa kukaKarel Chapek kwazifumana bodwa kwezopolitiko.
Ukufa
Ulwazi malunga nonobangela wokufa kombhali buya kwahlukile: Ngokwemithombo yolwazi, umbhali wonakalisa inyumonia, ephuhliswe emva kokupheliswa kwempembelelo yentlekele yemvelo. Ngokutsho kwabanye, uKarel unempatho yentliziyo.
Nokuba kunjalo, ukuphela kwento ngaphambi kokuhlala kweCzechoslovakia, amajoni kaHitler agcina umbhali we-antifascist ekutsaleni nasekuvalelwe kwinkampu yoxinaniso eya kwawela kwiqhekeza lo dade.
Ababhali bangcwatyelwe emangcwabeni kufutshane nenqaba yeVisegradky, kwaye umhlolokazi wawufihla uvimba ovimba kwimibhalo ezaliselweyo. Kwakutsha nje emva kokuphela kwemfazwe kwilali ye-chapek kufutshane neentaba zaseKRONoSh, iMyuziyam inikezelwe kwimemori yaba bantu yavulwa. Emva koko, isikhumbuzo simiselwa apho nguYosefu noKarelu.
Iikowuti
"Urhulumente osemthethweni ngulowo unamandla amakhulu kwi-Artallery" "Abantu bafundile ukufunda ikakhulu kuba bafundile ukufunda ngokukhawuleza" "kwimfazwe. Apha, linda, ukonakalisa, kuya kuba kungekudala sinyanisekile ". "Kwaye ukuba uyazi ukuba zeziphi iingcambu endandinazo!"I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1916 - "Ubunzulu obuqaqambileyo"
- Ngo-1918 - "iGadi crakanosa"
- Ngo-1920 - "umphangi"
- Ngo-1920 - "r.u.r"
- Ngo-1921 - "Ukususela kubomi bezinambuzane"
- Ngo-1921 - "amabali abuhlungu"
- Ngo-1922 - "isixhobo seMacro
- Ngo-1922 - "Krakatit"
- Ngo-1923 - "Iileta ezivela e-Italiya"
- Ngo-1928 - "Ukuphuhliswa kweshumi elinambini kwimpikiswano yoncwadi"
- Ngo-1929 - "amabali epokothweni"
- Ngo-1929 - "amabali kwenye ipokotho"
- Ngo-1932 - "iintsomi ezisithoba kunye nonye ukongeza kuJoseph Chapeca"
- Ngo-1932 - "Dasha okanye ibali loBomi bePupy"
- Ngo-1933 - "Gordobhali"
- Ngo-1934-I-Meteor
- Ngo-1934 - "UBomi obuqhelekileyo"
- Ngo-1935- "Iincoko nge-T.G. IMarik "
- Ngo-1936 - "Imfazwe NgeSalandender"