Biography
UHeinrich Heine yimbongi yaseJamani, umsebenzi wakhe ngumzekelo wexesha lokuthandana kothando. Ubupoweli kunye nokugxekwa, wazigubungela iingxaki ezikwindlela yokukhanya nencumleyo. Emva kweminyaka, abo baqeqeshiweyo behlabathi badalela umculo ngebonde imibongo kunye nokuqhelana nomsebenzi we-ehlone kunye nokunceda iingoma.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Igama elipheleleyo lombhali ngamaKristu uJohann Heinrich Heine. Inkwenkwe yazalwa ngoDisemba 13, 1797 eDusseldorf kwintsapho yamaYuda kwaye yayiyinto enkulu yabantwana aba-4. Utata kaHeine, uSamson, ukuthengisa kwingingqi kwingingqi yeRhine. Umama kaBetty wakhulisa abantwana, kodwa wayenomdla kwimisebenzi kaJean-Jacques Rousseau kwaye wabonakalisa indlela enkulu. Wayemthanda unyana wakhe wakhathala ikamva lenkwenkwe. UBetty wabona igqwetha lakhe, imali okanye ngokubanzi, kodwa isiphelo se-heine junior sahlukile.
Iminyaka yabantwana yenkwenkwe yawa ngexesha lokufumana umsebenzi waseFransi. Ngeli xesha, inkululeko yenkululeko yachuma eYurophu, kwaye iindlela zefashoni zifumana impendulo kwiVidiyo yeWebhusayithi yomntu wokudala. Kwiminyaka eyi-13, uHeinrich wangena kwiLitholicyyceum. Ngo-16, waba ngumncedisi kwiofisi yebhere yaseFrankfurt, kodwa wasinda, kuba le ntsimi yomsebenzi yayingenamdla kuye. Emva koko abazali bathumela uNyana ukuba aHamber, apho umntu othandabuzayo wakuqonda khona i-Aza yomrhwebi phantsi kolondolozo lwamaphepha eSolotor.
Ngo-1818, uHenry waphathise ukuphathwa kwenkampani encinci. Akazange asilele kusilele, hayi imvakalelo kwiiakhawunti ze-akhawunti. Kwangelo xesha, iHeine yaqalisa ukunxibelelana nezalamane zikanina. Umalume uSimon Gedern waqonda ukuba usomashishini wayengayi kukhululwa emtshatweni, amxhasa ngomnqweno wokungena kwiYunivesithi yaseBon. UHeinrich ukuphosa iiSayensi zoLuntu, funda kwimisebenzi yeCervanis kunye ne-Swefi ekhawulezayo kwaye akazange acinge ngobomi ngaphandle kweencwadi. Wayenomdla kwi-Folklore, eyaboniswa kwimibhalo eyenziwe kamva.
IHeine yangena kwi-faculty yeyunivesithi yeDyunivesithi yaseBon, kwaye kungekudala watshintshelwa kwiDyunivesithi yaseGötten. Kunyaka emva koko, ngenxa ye-componing, uHenry akafakwanga. Iminyaka yakhe yomfundi yaphawulwa ziikhithi kunye ne-adventures, kodwa lo mfana akazange alibale malunga nenkalo kwiSayensi. Ngo-1821, waba ngumfundi weDyunivesithi yaseBerlin.
Lo mfo wayekho kwiiSalons kwaye waqhelane nendawo yoncwadi yeJamani. KwiYunivesithi yaseHeine, waphulaphula ikhondo lefilosofi yenkolo evela eGeorge Heebel, amabali asusela nge-Agasti ka-Agasti ka-Schlegel. Ezi nkosi zenza izimvo zakhe. Ukuzikhusela kwe-dissertation yaqhutywa eGötten.
Ngo-1825, wafumana isihloko sikagqirha. Ukufumana idiploma, i-heine yanyanzelwa ukuba yamkele ama-lamberan, kuba amaJuda ayengabi nalo uxwebhu oluhambelana nalo. Kodwa akukhange kube kwakuthetha ukuba le poengi yashiywa ngezimvo zakhe.
Imvelaphi yeHeine ibangele amava amaninzi kumphefumlo wakhe. Wayebukele, njengoko amaYuda afumana amalungelo amakhulu ngexesha lomsebenzi waseFransi, endaweni yokuba ngaphambili. Emva koko, emva kokubonakala kwemikhosi ye-Prussian kwingingqi yeRhine, yonke into ebuyiselwe kwizangqa, kwaye ii-odolo ze-burearativer ziye zayeka le ndawo. Ukulingana kwamaYuda, esele iqalile ngexesha kwaNapoleon, yatshabalaliswa, yaye ibonakaliswa kwimibongo yeHeine.
Indalo
Imisebenzi yokuqala yeHeine, epapashiweyo ngexesha loqeqesho kwiDyunivesithi yaseBerlin, yaba yi "Malad", "ubusuku obubi". Kodwa ngaphambili, umbhali waqala ukwenza ingoma malunga nothando. Iivesi zakhe zanikezelwa kumzala weAmaliya, apho uHenry Fareal akazange aqhekeze iimvakalelo zobuqhetseba. Ngo-1817, eli phephancwadi i-Hamburg Grive "laprinta abanye babo, kwaye ngo-1820 yingqokelela yemisebenzi" yokubandezeleka kolutsha ".
Ngo-1821, uHenrich Heine waqala ukunika imibongo ukuveliswa kwiphephandaba, kodwa bahlala bengabonwa ngabaphulaphuli nakubagxeki. UHeinrich wayeyimbongi ebonakalayo kwaye esebenza ngokungakhathali. Kungekudala Intlekele "iRatcliffe" kwaye "uAlmenzor" wapapashwa. Ukuqokelelwa kwemibongo "i-Inrical Tormezso" yatsala umdla woluntu olubhaliweyo kwiHeine. Imibongo yakhe ichaze iingxaki zentlalo. Uqhanqalazo ngokuchasene nobukumkani kunye nengcinezelo yamaYuda yabonakaliswa kumsebenzi wobugcisa.
Abagxeki babengqongqo kuHenrich, ngenxa yoko wagqiba kwelokuba asiphume esixekweni aze aye eArabhiya, kodwa eneneni ndaya eCuxwagen. Emva koko watyelela e-Hamburg, Nuneburg, Berlin noGötten. Inqaku lokugqibela lohambo yayinguHarz. Ngeli xesha, iHeine yadibana noJohann Goethe. Kwiminyaka yee-1825, imbongi zagqiba izifundo zakhe eyunivesithi, edlula kwiimviwo zokugqibela, kwaye yaba ngugqirha wezakhensi ezisemthethweni zomthetho wesithathu. Wemka eHamburg, apho wayeqhubeka khona imisebenzi yakhe yoncwadi.
Imibhalo yombhali oselula ixesha elide ihleli ngaphandle kwengqwalaselo. Impumelelo yokuqala yeza kwi-heine ngo-1826, xa ukukhanya akubona amanqaku akhe okuhamba athi "Uhambo oluya eGraz". Ke "imifanekiso" kunye nomjikelo "ukubuyela kwi-Unianland" uphume, kwaye ngo-1827 - "incwadi yeengoma", ekuhlaleleni imisebenzi yokuqala. I-ROOVRUR, inkcazo ecacileyo yeemvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo zaphathwa abaphulaphuli. Ukumvakalelo apho imbongi ichaze ntoni okwenzekayo, yabafundi abaninzi.
Ngo-1827, iHeine yafumana isimemo kumhleli wephepha-ndaba ezopolitiko "eMunich. Isiqingatha sonyaka ubudala, imbongi echithwe kwesi sixeko kwaye yaya eTetal, apho wakhwela umyalezo ngokufa kukaYise. UHeinrich wanyanzelwa ukuba abuyele eHamburg, apho wapapasha khona i-3rd yomsindo "wepeyinti yokuhamba" kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba afudukele eParis. Kwiminyaka yee-1830s, kwakukho ii-riots kwikomkhulu laseFransi. Apha, i-shoption yayikwi-swing epheleleyo, eyayivakalelwa njengembono yakhe.
Ithunyelwe ngo-1831 Incwadi ethi "I-New Spypy" kwi-fushonible ke, imbongi igwetyelwe eParis. E-France, wazisa i-hector i-herlioz kunye ne-federic chopin, i-Ferrenian Sheet kunye neTeophyl Guutier, Alexander Duma-Duma-Duma-Duma-Duma-Duma-Duma-Duma-MAGE-MISEBENZI EZIQHELEKILEYO. Ingcinezelo yabagxeki kunye noBurweni yoBenxa, indalo eJamani, yayingeyomelele apha. Imbongi yapapashwa ngesiFrentshi nesiJamani. Ipapashwe "ebusuku", "isikolo sothando" kunye neminye imisebenzi yombhali.
Emva kokutshintsha indawo yokuhlala, imbongi yayidalele uthotho lwamanqaku amanyeneyo kwi "French Caets", kwaye ngo-1834 umsebenzi wokuqala "wembali" yembali "yentanda-bulumko", ngokusekelwe kwiintetho zayo. Ngenxa yengqondo yombhali malunga nenqanaba lenkululeko yenkolo yaseNazareyan kunye ne-Ellinov, umsebenzi wabangela ukungakhathalelwa esidlangalaleni.
Ngeli xesha, iGane yaqala ubunzima bezemali. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba asebenzise izibonelelo ezikhuphayo. Kwimeko eshukumisayo yayiyimvumelwano kunye nomshicileli uJulius Campi, okoko amalungelo emisebenzi yembongi anikezwe umthengi. Uncedo oluvela kuMalusi uSolomon unemvelaphi ethile, kodwa i-heine yakhokelela impilo yakhe. Imbongi inobunzima, nangona engazange ashiye umsebenzi.
Indawo yokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe inikezwe ngeli xesha kunye nobunzima. Ngothando olukhethekileyo kumama wasemama, imbongi yabhala lo mbongo "Jamani. Intsomi yasebusika. " I-Tosca kwityala lenze ukuba iphinde ibuyise i-bibliography ye-bibliography yombongo weHeine "Sisissian Affass", eyaba ngxoxo kwimvukelo yabasebenzi. Iimbono zezopolitiko azimvumeli ukuba agoduke.
E-France, ingqokelela yemibongo ebizwa ngokuba "eyahlukileyo" yapapashwa, kwaye nge-1840 umbhali ukhuphe incwadi "kwi-Bern". Ngo-1842, wapapasha umbongo ", ngo-1844 - ingqokelela" imibongo ". Ngeli xesha, uMalume uSolomon waswelekayo, owanikwa ilifa ngumtshana wama-8 amawaka eFrancs. Ngo-1851, bakhupha incwadi yokugqibela yePychs Geene - "RomSEVI". Ngexesha umbhali ekhokelele ekusebenzeni "kwememori" yakhe ", eyaqala ukubhala nge-1840s.
Ubomi Buqu
I-biegraphy ye-heinrich heine yayinxulunyaniswa noncwadi, kwaye iphefumlelwe, njengaye nawuphi na umbhali, bazisa uthando neemvakalelo ababezifumene ezivela kuye. Ukwenza luthanda iingoma kwixesha lolutsha kwiminyaka yobutsha watyhalelwa intombi yentombi kaMalume, ama-Antia. Iimvakalelo zomzala zazingahambi, intombazana yatshata nomrhwebi kunentliziyo kaHennich yaphuka.
Ngo-1835, iHeine yaqhelana nenkosikazi ye-Enzheni yoxolo ye-Enzheni uxolo, awabizwa nguMatilda. Umhlaba wawungaphandle kwezinto eziqhelekileyo, wayengazi ukuba ufunda ubhale ntoni ukungabi nangqondo ngokuchasene nemvelaphi katitshala we-heine. Abathandi babehlala kumtshato wasimahla. UHeine wakuxabisa kakhulu uMative no-Strave, wambulela endlwini yegumbi lokuhlasela kwabarhwebi kwaye watyelela intanda yakhe, evuya nokuba yimpumelelo encinci.
Umtshato phakathi kweHeine nelizwe lagqitywa ngo-1941. Abahlobo abaziqondi indlela abazibophelela ngayo i-heintrikich indlela enokuzibophe ngayo umfazi obonakalayo, kodwa umbhali wayethembekile kumfazi wakhe, njengaye. Imbongi yayinoyolo ubomi bakhe obuvela emhlabeni, kodwa abantwana ekutshatweni kwabo bangenamtshato.
Kunyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, iSemilla Serden yafika kuye, ifakiwe kubuchule bombongo, owakhe iintsuku zokugqibela zobomi bakhe. UHeinrich wathandana, kodwa akazange ahlukane nenkosikazi yakhe.
Ukufa
Ngo-1846, uHenry Heine wabetha intambo yomgogodla. Kwimbongi yokugqibela ye-1848 kalokugqibela ukuba aqhubeke nomoya omtsha, emva koko walala ebhedini, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi "Matress". Ngexesha lesi sifo, abahlobo bakhe bamtyelelayo: Onor de Balzac, i-Georges Sand, iRichard Wagner. Isalamane somgca wemama sasisendlwini yakhe kunye nesithandi-sobulumko sikaKarl Marx, malunga nolwalamano kunye nolwalamano naye ongazange nalowo ungakuqhatha ixesha elide. Ithiyori yobukomanisi, imizobo yayo kunye neekowuti zakhe zihombisa iincwadi zembali, zityelele uHeinrich kwimihla yokugqibela.
I-Hine igcina ingcinga eqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuvalelwa kwendlu kwaye yaqhubeka nokusebenza. Umlingane wamnyamekela de kwaFebruwari 17, 1856. Unobangela wokusweleka kwembongi sisifo eside. Wangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba eMontmane. UMatilda wasweleka kwiminyaka engama-27. Ngokungafaniyo neqabane, ekufeni kwabo kubuhlungu, umhlaba wafa ngokubetha ubomi kwangoko.
Iikowuti
"Yintoni uthando? Esi sisifo sentliziyo entliziyweni. "" Nokuba usamkela imfazwe yokomoya, esazisa kangakanani na ngokomoya umntu ocela utshabalalo lwakhe lolona tshana luqinileyo lokuswela - ukufa. "Uthando!" "Uthando!" Uthando! Le yeyona iphakanyisiweyo kwaye iphumelele kuzo zonke iinkanuko! Kodwa amandla akhe onke akwinqanaba elingenamda, phantse ukungazithembi. "" Into engaqhelekanga! Ngalo lonke ixesha, abantu basehlabathi bazama ukumamela izenzo zabo ezimbi ngokuzinikela kwimidla, isimilo kunye nothando kwilizwe lika-Biriya. "I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1820 - "Ubandezeleke Ulutsha"
- 1824 - "Loreley"
- I-1826 - "ukuhamba eHarz"
- 1827 - "Incwadi yeeNgoma"
- Ngo-1827 - "Ulwandle Lwamantla"
- Ngo-1834 - "Imbali, Inkolo Neefilosofi yeJamani"
- 1841 - "I-Troll Troll"
- Ngo-1844 - "Germany. Intsomi ebusika "
- Ngo-1844 - "imibongo emitsha"
- 1851 - "RomServo"