Biography
Ubugcisa obukhulu be-ballet yaseRussia abunakwenzeka ukuba bacinge ngaphandle kwentsomi ka-Anna Pavlova. I-Prima yeqonga lemidlalo yaseMariinsky yenze kwinqanaba lesiRashiya, kwaye ke yaba zizithethe zesikolo sikaZwelonke, zaza zazisa uxolo nemisebenzi ye-choreographer mikhail.
Kubo bonke ubomi, uPavlova wanika umdaniso ngaphezu kwawo nawuphi na abantu ababephila ngexesha. I-monologue yeplastiki "ye-Swan" iminyaka emininzi iye yaba yikhadi leshishini lika-Balrina kwaye isathathwa njengengathethwanga kwaye ingachazwanga into eyongeziweyo yobugcisa bobuqhetseba baseRussia.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Imbali yokuzalwa kuka-Anna Mateevna Pavlova ngokungaqondakaliyo kwaye inomdla. Ngokweerekhodi ezisemthethweni, iBallerina yekamva yazalwa nge-12 kaFebruwari, nge-1881 kwisibhedlele saseSt. Nangona kunjalo, bekukho amahemuhemu ukuba uAnna wayeyintombi engekho mthethweni yebhanki yobuzwe bamaJuda, engazange aqonde ukuba nguyeyona nto iphambili eluntwini.
Ukuzalwa ngokuzalwa kwaye kubuhlungu, le ntombazana ichithe iminyaka yokuqala yobomi bakhe nonina eSt. Petersburg, emva koko zafudukela kwilali yaseLigovo, kwindlu katamkhulu kumgca katata. Ukuhlala kwi-Eir Eard Eir Eir Empition Yomeleze impilo ka-Ani, kwaye uLiubov Fedorovna waqala ukuthatha intombi kuye eSt.
Kwenye yezi kutyelelo, uPavlova wawa kwiholo yemidlalo yeqonga "yobuhle bobuhle". Ukuba ebhedini nabanye abantwana, intombazana ibanjiwe ngenkuthalo yonke intshukumo yabadlali kwaye ekupheleni kwentsebenzo besitsho ukuba ufuna ukudanisa njengePrincess Aurora.
Umama wacinga ukuba ukukhula kunye nobunzima bentombi kufanelekile ukuba i-choreography, kwaye ikhokele intombazana eneminyaka eyi-8 i-8 ubudala kuhlolo lwesikolo se-ballet. Okokuqala ngqa bekungafikeleleki, kodwa i-thema yaqhubeka nokuzama, kwaye ngo-1891 wasamkela ekugqibeleni.
Ukusukela kwiintsuku zokuqala zokufunda, uPavlova wazama ukuba yeyona ilungileyo eklasini. Uqeqesho ngentsimbi yesi-8 ngosuku, ufumana inxaxheba kwintetho kwintsapho yasebukhosini, kwaye emva kweminyaka esi-7 yaphumelela kwisikolo semidlalo yeqonga le-Imperial.
I-ballet
Ngo-1999, uPavlov wathabatha i-toroupe yethiyetha yaseMariinsky kwaye wathunyelwa amaqela amancinci ngokukhawuleza kwimveliso edumileyo ye-ballersiverister yase-Arius Peripa, "Ingozi yoMkhuselo" kunye "neParago". Kungekudala igama elithi uAnna lavela kwiibhasi eziphithizelayo, phakathi kwamanye amagcisa, i-PA-DE-DE kunye ne-Peit kwiDrais "kunye" nomdanisi onetalente wafumana isihloko se-ballerina kunye nesibini esihlala sisifumene .
I-mikhail fookin yenza i-DUET nge-dut ne-Pavlova kwaye ibe ngumphathi wentsebenzo, ebeka le ntsebenziswano ye-ballet yeqabane, njengomdanisi we-monogue "kunye" nomdiliya ".
Ngenxa yoku kumdaniso, uAnna wafumana ukwamkelwa kwaye ukusukela ngo-1908 wayesoloko esendleleni. Uthathe inxaxheba ekuvelisweni kwe "Sylphide" ne "Coopatra ", eqhutywa kwiNkqubo" yamaXesha laseRussia "eFrance, emva koko ikhuselekile ngeprojekthi yezixeko zaseJamani, eBelgium, eNgilani namanye amazwe aseYurophu. Iposta ngomfanekiso we-pavlova womculi we-valentina serov emva kokuba i-Debut ibe ngumfuziselo womnyhadala owaziswayo ngosomashishini odumileyo u-Dyagilev.
Ngo-1910, i-Ballerina yashiya iMariins kwaye ukusukela ngoko kuvalelwe kwizivumelwano ezizimeleyo zembono nganye. UAnna wenza iqela eliphambili eGiselle eLondon kunye nenyanga yadanisa kwinqanaba le-Inborpolitan eNew York I-Opera.
Ngokuhambelana notyelelo lukaPavlov, ngoncedo lomdanisi waseMelika, i-Adolf, isibhedlele sasilungelelanisa i-ruvang, kwi-cavalry "ye-fulfried mozan Armemememer kunye ne-2nd ye-2 yeSwan ILake Peter Tchaikovsky.
Emva koko, i-Prima yaqala ukubeka amagumbi abo, eyayikonwabele impumelelo, enokuthelekiswa ne "Swan" kunye "nomdaniso we" uTokina osixhenxe ". Inomdla kukuba iBallerina ephefumlele kuphela iqabane kunye ne-Besnoissemsseurs, kodwa ikwangumbambile. Igama loveliso e-Pavlova ebize idessert yomoya, iresiphi yakhe yayisisichotho, efana nepakethe, kunye neziqhamo ezitsha.
Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1920, iSlava Ana kunye neqela layo yahamba ngaphaya kwelizwekazi laseYurophu, xa umvelisi waseRussia-waseRussia wase-American olungelelane eUnited States, emva koko wavuma ukusebenza eIndiya.
Emva koko, uPavlova waba yintsomi ephilayo, ababefuna ukubona kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi. Ngexesha lokusukela ngo-1922 ukuya ku-1929, inkwenkwezi ihlonipha ubukho bayo ebalaseleyo yeJapan, i-China, eJiphutha, e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Ngexesha lohambo, iBallerina ityelele izikolo zomdaniso kwaye zavavanya ubuchule bomfundi. Enkosi ku-Anne, umThetho odumileyo, uBallerina kunye ne-choreographer tamara tumanova bafumana ithuba lokwenza indlela enkulu kwaye benze umsebenzi kwi-goulle ye-Monlo.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Anna Pavlova, ngaphezulu kweshumi leminyaka, eyona ndawo ilungileyo yehlabathi ivaliwe eqongeni, kubomi bakhe bobuqu yayingumntu ongoyena mda. I-baltina ye-baltina yaphepha abalandeli abanyanzelisa ngomhla kwaye benze izipho ezixabisa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, oogxa bamaqabane e-goupe ngamanye amaxesha babona intombazana kwinkampani ye-Aristoct ye-Aristocract Viktor Dndare.
Indoda efundileyo, enomdla, yaza yanyibilikisa intliziyo yobuhle obungenabuhle kwaye ifanelwe ilungelo lokuba ngumncedisi wakhe kunye nomxhasi. Isikhundla esiphakamileyo soMcebisi weSenethi khange sivumele ubudlelwane obutsha bube nzulu. I-HALP encinci isuse i-ballerina igumbi elineholo yomdaniso embindini weSt. Petersburg ukutshintshiselana naye kuluntu.
UPavlova wafumana uvelwano lwe-viktor, kodwa enzonzobileni komphefumlo, bendiqonda ukuba akasokuze abe ngumfazi wommeli okukhanya kakhulu. Ke ngoko, iBallerina yashiya ubomi i-iti kwaye yashiya iPatron, iyonke inkulu kwinkululeko yegolide. Okwalo mzuzu, xa uAn wagxeka elona lizwe linamandla onke, uMisikail Takin wavela ebomini bakhe, umlawuli we-Day yomdaniso odumileyo "oswelekileyo swan". Ukuphefumla i-ballletmaster fumphete kwimikhosi etsha kwinkanyezi yenkanyezi kwaye yaba ngomnye wabantu abasondeleyo basePavlova.
Okokugqibela ukubuyisela kwimeko kaMariins kwanceda ukhenketho lwangaphandle, apho wadibana khona nomshicileli waseFrance Kaml Saint-Saint-Saint-Saint-Sainr kwaye wadibana nomdlali we-movie omnandi uCharlie Chaplin. NgePavlova yokugqibela, i-prototinic yothando ayiphumelelanga, ekhule kubuhlobo obususiweyo, ifakwe kwiifoto ezigciniweyo.
Xa i-Balilerina ifumene i-feme yehlabathi kwaye yaba ngumfazi osisityebi, waya kwelinye ilizwe, kodwa akazange ayeke ukuphupha ulonwabo olulula lomntu. Iingcamango zayo zibuyela kwabo bashiyekileyo kwilizwe lasekhaya lakhe iVikra.
Ngeli xesha, xa i-sergey dyajilev esekwe eParis yethiyetha yomdaniso waseRussia, i-noledman yangena kwimeko enzima yezemali kwaye, ngaphandle kokuhlawulela amatyala, wayesentolongweni. Ukufunda ngeengxaki ze-fan, iPavlova yonakalisa iminyaka emininzi yoogxa bakhe waza wasayina isivumelwano esinenzuzo kunye nabameli be-Arhente yeHlabathi ".
Ukufumene imali eyimfuneko, iBallerina ihlawule amatyala e-dundra kwaye, isigqibo sokuba akanakuphila ngaphandle komntu, ekhutshiwe ngaphambili eParis. UVictor ufike umnxeba wokuqala kaPavlova kwaye, ngokwemithombo, ngo-1911, ngokufihlakeleyo naye wayetshatile.
UPavlova uthengise ipropathi entle e-UK kwaye walungelelanisa eyakhe i-ruupe, ukuba ngumnini wezathanga yendlu eLondon. Yonke imisebenzi ekhaya yaseka umyeni wakhe, ngoko uAnna wayengenakukhathalela nantoni na kwaye wazinikela kubuchule.
Nangona kunjalo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, iimvakalelo ze-ballerina ukuya eDundra zaqala ukuphelisa: Wahlala phantsi izikrelemnqa, wabetha izitya kwaye walila. UVictor wasabela kwimihlatho ngokuzola, kuba wayenombulelo onyanisekileyo kwaye wayemthanda uAnna. Endaweni yokufumana umfazi ongazinzanga ngokwengqondo, wanceda kwimiba yombutho kwaye wayebandakanyeka ekuqeshiseni nasekugxothweni amagcisa. Isibini sahlala kunye de kufike ukufa kwe-pavlova ngo-1931.
Ukufa
UPavlova, owaba yipropathi yehlabathi, wayefuna ukubuya wadanisa ubomi bakhe bonke. Nangona kunjalo, ikamva lalingakholondolozi ukuba iphupha le-Balrina lazaliseka. NgoJanuwari 1931, uAnna waya kutyeshelwa e-Hague kwaye, ebanjiwe kuloliwe, waziva engenampilo. Ihotele yafumanisa ukuba inkanyezi yaseRussia yayibanda kwaye, ngokutsho koogxa, inesingqala ekuweni komququ, nto leyo yenzekile ngexesha lokuqunjelwa.
Ugqirha wafumana ulwelo kwimiphunga yesigulana kwaye wacetyiswa ukuba aqhube rhoqo umsebenzi. Ithemba lokukrokrela ukrokrela, umyeni wase-Ballerrina wamema ugqirha weKumkanikazi waseNetherlands, owavumayo ngemfuno efunyanisiweyo waqinisekisa ukuba ufuna utyando.
Ngenxa yoko, uPavlova wafaka ityhubhu ye-sub, kodwa ixesha laliphoswa. I-Ballrina ilahlekile ukwazi kwaye ivuke kube kanye ukuba ujonge isuti ye-scenic ye-swan.
UPavlova wasweleka ePurita ngoJanuwari 23, 1931, kwaye ukumka kwakhe kwaba yintsomi entle eyayijolise kubalandeli abaninzi. Ixesha elingaphezulu, ugqirha noVictor uDundra wayichaza imbali yokufa kwe-balerina, kodwa ayibalulekanga. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba umhlaba uphulukene "Swean" kwaye akasokuze ambone eqongeni.
Emva kwentlekele, abalandeli kunye noluntu banyanzelisa ukuba i-Pavlov kufuneka ingcwatywe kumangcwaba olwenziwe ecaleni kwengcwaba lomnye umdaniso uMary Talosi. Nangona kunjalo, umyeni walandela ukuphunyezwa komthamo wokugqibela we-ballerina owayenqwenela ukutshiswa ngokwamaphepha amadala amadala.
Imemori
Ukufa kukaPavlova yaba yintlekele yokuba ungumntu. Kude kube namhlanje, uninzi lwabadanisi abadumileyo kunye nee-choreophers zinikezele ngosuku olukhulu lwaseRussia.Imifanekiso ka-Ana ayifikanga kwifilimu yefilimu yeMoldavian Emil Lotyan, kunye neencwadi ezininzi zababhali-bhali-mbali kunye neencwadi zokholo krasovskaya kunye ne-andrei sokolova-kaminsky.
Ukuphindaphinda
- Ngo-1902 - "Bayaddeka"
- Ngo-1903 - "Giselle"
- Ngo-1906 - "Umdiliya"
- Ngo-1907 - "Swan"
- Ngo-1907 - "i-quika"
- Ngo-1907 - "Shopenian"
- I-1908 -indoyitha yasebusuku
- I-1909 - "i-dragonfly"
- Ngo-1909 - "Byterfly"
- Ngo-1909 - "California Mac"
- Ngo-1913 - "Iintombi ezisixhenxe zoKumkani weentaba"