Biography
I-Rena Maglerite yi-belgist ye-belgist, imisebenzi yakhe izele yimingxunya. Umgaqo ophambili wobuchule bakhe yayiyindibaniselwano yokudityaniswa okungahambelaniyo. I-Maglete yayingumntu olula ubomi bakhe onokubugqalwa ngumsindo, kodwa umsebenzi wobugcisa uthetha malunga nobukho bento eyintsomi ebanzi. Uvuselele ngokwakhe wamisela ulwalathiso lobuchule bakhe ubuchule njengenyani yemilingo kwaye babengakuthandi xa ebalelwa ekuhlaleni koluntu. Imisebenzi ye-Belgian edumileyo yeBelgian ifana neeposta kwaye namhlanje ifumana ithuba elitsha lokuthandwa.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Igama elipheleleyo lomculi - i-Rev Revoncois Gilen Magrit. Wazalwa ngoNovemba 21, 1898 kwidolophu yaseBelgian ye-Belgian ye-Belgian ye-Belgan. Wayengoyena mdala woonyana abayi-3. Utata wamakhwenkwe, uLeolold Magritte, wayezibandakanya ngokuthengisa ilaphu kwaye wathula, kwaye umama kaRegina wasebenza njengemodyuli. Ukuphila iminyaka emininzi kuDesssen, le ntsapho yafudukela eGilly, emva koko yayisesitheni, apho kwakuhlala khona kwakhona i-1912.
Lo nyaka uphume ukuba ukutshintsha indawo kwi-biographies yenkwenkwe. Wayeneminyaka eli-14 ubudala xa umama wayehlaselwe ngezizathu ezingaziwayo kwi-SamMMMM. Unyana wangqina ukuba umzimba wakhe wakhutshwa njani emanzini. Umama uye wazama ukuzibulala nangexesha langaphambili. Wasindisa ukunikela ingqalelo kuYise, okwakusondela kweli xesha.
Ububi obukhulu bachaphazele kakhulu iVidiyo yeHlabathi ye-Artist yexesha elizayo. Uhlala ekhangela iimpendulo kwimibuzo eyavela entlokweni yakhe, kwaye waqiqa malunga nabo ngokuhamba naye ngokupeyinta. Intlungu yosapho yahlala imfihlelo yegritte eqhelekileyo, iqabane lakhe alizange lazi ngalo kwangoko. URena uhlala efunda umzuzwana ophathwayo, kodwa kwakamsinya nje akutyhile, iingcali zengqondo zaqalisa ukuzama ukufumana i-short-titextet elandelayo kwimisebenzi yakhe.
Ukupeyinta
Ngo-1916, uRené mugrite waba ngumfundi we-Royacy Academy yoBugcisa obuLonwabo eBrussels. Ukufunda apho iminyaka emi-2, lo mfana ushiye iziko lemfundo. Unomculi kumzi-mveliso weemveliso zamaphepha. Esi sikhundla soMagritone esihlala kude kube ngu-1926.
URev uvule umfanekiso wakhe wokuqala "we-jockey" ngeli xesha. Umbhali wakhe wayewuqwalasela owona msebenzi uphumeleleyo. Igalari yeGavo inike isivumelwano, ke umculi wakwazi ukushiya umsebenzi kwaye ugxile kubuchule bokuyila. Ngo-1927, umboniso wokuqala we-surrealist wenzeka. Akazange ayikhuphele isithandwa sikawonke-wonke, kwaye abaphononongo babiza ububi bokungaphumeleli.
UMagodte waya eParis, apho waqala ukunxibelelana no-Andre Breton kunye nabanye abahamba nge-surerealists. Ukuthandana okutsha kuphembelele kakhulu indlela yobugcisa kunye nembono yomculi. UGgritte wamba isitayela sakhe, esahlukile kwinto elungileyo eqhubekayo. Umculi akazange athande ukusetyenziswa kwe-psychoanalysis kubugcisa, kodwa intanda-bulumko ekhethiweyo kunye ne-poetic ye-potic kunye neyona paradob yengqondo.
Emva kokupheliswa kwesivumelwano kunye negalari uSenagritte wabuyela eBrussels kwaye wathatha intengiso ngokuvulelwa kunye nomntakwabo, obanike umhlaba wezezimali. Ukukhangela okokuqala okuyisikelwa komculi kwaqhutywa kwicala le-futurism kunye neenkozi. Impembelelo enkulu kwinkonzo ebonelelweyo ye-ferdan leing.
Ixesha elingaphezulu kunye nokusekwa kwendlela yombhali, igogt yeza kwimifanekiso yakhe eqinileyo nenzulu. Iqhawe elixhaphakileyo lepeyinti yakhe yayiyindoda kwisitya sesitya, apho abagxeki babona umfanekiso wosapho ngokwakhe. Iqhawe kwidyasi lavela kumbukeli okanye lifihla ubuso bakhe. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, wavela phambi koluntu ngo-1926 emfanekisweni "zibonisa umntu onodwa."
Umntu wasemzini ovela kwimizobo jika abonakaliswe kunxweme lolwandle, kwizitrato zedolophu, ezintabeni nasehlathini. Wayenokwahlulwa okanye ephindaphinda, ukuba abe sisikhanyiso okanye ubuso obuphambili beyelenqe. Phakathi kwemifanekiso ekhoyo yindoda ekhoyo i-hat - "uluntu oluphezulu", "iHorconda", "Nyana womntu".
Phakathi kwendlela eqhelekileyo yokuyila yemifanekiso yamangwa: i-Apple, Iintaka, ityhubhu etshayayo namagorha, ubuso bayo utyhilekile ngendwangu. Abagxeki babonwa kwimbonakalo yomfanekiso wecebo lokugqibela kwilahleko ye-tragic ye-magrit. Unina wakhupha emanzini ngelaphu ebusweni bakhe, eyayicinezelwe ngokuqinileyo kulusu.
"Abathandi"-umfanekiso, obonisa amagorha anesithukuthezi ngewebhu emhlophe. Wabhalwa ngo-1928. Eyona nto iphambili yomfanekiso ilele kwibinzana elithi "uthando lokulala". Kodwa oogqirha bezengqondo bayitolika kwaye njengenkcazo yokwahlukaniswa komntu, bengakwazi ukutyhila nangexesha leemvakalelo zothando. Abaphulaphuli, abaye bafunda lo msebenzi, bakhunjulwa kwaye amabinzanabolwazi "aphulukana neentloko zothando." Lo mfanekiso ube yenye yeyona misebenzi ibonakalayo ye-brussels crustls kuluhlu.
Ngo-1948, umsebenzi wavela ekukhanyeni umntu ogama linguMbhali obizwa ngokuba "yimifanekiso yobuqhophololo." Ibonisa ityhubhu yokutshaya kunye nesiginitsha "ayisosiphatho." Ukutsala ngaphandle kokungahambelani kwezinto kwimifanekiso, umbhali weza kukukhanyela konke, ebonisa into ethandana nayo.
Emva koko, ityhubhu yayikhe yakhankanywa kwimiba "emibini yemfihlo", ephindiza umfanekiso oqinisekileyo ngaphakathi kwesakhelo secandelo elitsha. I-Theritte efanayo yenziwa nge-Apple eluhlaza, ebonisa isiqhamo emfanekisweni "Eli ayilo-Apple" ngo-1964. Umfanekiso wayo uye wabonakala rhoqo eminye imisebenzi engaqondakaliyo yombhali.
Isibhakabhaka sisibonakaliso esahlukileyo kwimisebenzi yeGtritt. Lo mfanekiso wasebenzisa rhoqo. Isibhakabhaka esiboniswe yiBelgian ayifani nantoni na enye. Ibonakalisiwe esipilini emsebenzini "I-Entermoiary Cosmogonia", iyagcwalisa abalinganiswa, ihamba kwi-easel ngemvelaphi, njengakwindawo "yoluhlu lwendoda kwi I-kittelet emfanekisweni "DesialComania". Imazi yendlu kubo ngumfanekiso wesibhakabhaka ku "Bukumkani" bokukhanya ", kwaye umfanekiso" fake "ibonakala ngathi izalisa iZiko lomsebenzi.
Indlela yokuyila yeRena Magort isenokubonakala ngathi inomdla. Ukuqala ngokuthintela, watsalela ingqalelo ekuhanjisweni emva kokuba efunda i-George De Kiriko, eyaqhagamshela i-addraction kunye nenyani kunye. Kwiminyaka yeMfazwe, i-Gutry ilandele ukubhekisa kwimpembelelo, eyalungiswa ngakuye kwadlulisa nxamnye naye.
Umboniso oqokelelweyo ngeli xesha unesitayile sokuba ababhali-mbali babiza "inkomo". I-Maglete yayingowokuqala osebenzisa amagama kwimizobo, ekholelwa ukuba anemo efanayo nemifanekiso. Imbono enjalo inamathele kuJoseph Kosut, umsunguli wengqondo.
Ngexesha lemfazwe, uMagrite watshintsha i-palette yombala kunye neesitayile, ejonga ityala ukuba anike abantu ithuba lokuvuya kunye nethemba. Emva kokugqitywa kobutshaba kunye nomsebenzi, wabuyela kwindlela eqhelekileyo kwaye wafumana ingqalelo.
I-Magrit yayingajongiswanga eFrance, kodwa ethandwa kakhulu eUnited States, apho sonke isizukulwana samagcisa sachukunyiswa ngumsebenzi wakhe. Ngo-1954, umboniso wemisebenzi yombhali wabanjwa eMelika. Wava umoya wamaxesha kwaye wayekhuthazekile ngoombono kubancinci kunye neengqondo.
Umculi ushiye umkhondo kungekuphela nje kubugcisa. Imifanekiso efakiweyo yaza yaphuhliswa nge-Rena Magrit yasetyenziswa rhoqo kwiphulo lokuthengisa uphawu lwangoku. Inkosi yayazi indlela yokwenza umfanekiso ngokuthe ngqo, njengoko wayenamava kwintengiso yentengiso. Akazange abhale imigaqo, engayiguquli igorha kumbukeli kwaye anike ithuba lokufumana inkohliso.
Ubomi Buqu
EThan Teritte yahlala ihleli. Ukuqhelana nentombi yombhaki waseCharleroi, iGeorges Berger, inkwenkwe ichithe ixesha layo kwaye yayisemathandweni. Le ntombazana yabona indlela umculi wexesha elizayo wakhetha ngayo. Ngenye imini, ehamba emangcwabeni, babona umsizi emsebenzini, kwaye uRena wagqiba kwelokuba atshintshe ubomi bakhe.
Ngothando, ulutsha lwalumfutshane ngokwaneleyo. Bazaliswe abazali bentombazana bafudukela eBrissels kwaye babahlula. Ukufika kwisixeko esinye kwisifundo, uRena wayekhe wajongana nentanda esitratweni. I-Magritt yasebenza emkhosini kwaye, ibuya, itshatile iGeorgette ngo-1922. Waba yeyona myuziyam iphambili yomculi, umbhali wabhala imifanekiso yabasetyhini kwiqabane.
Isibini sobomi besibini sonwabile. Kubonakala ngathi, iimvakalelo zeMagazine kwinkosikazi yakhe zazingashukumi. Kodwa ngo-1936, umculi waqalisa kubukhawun 'u-Shelysa, olilungu lendlela yokusebenza, iqabane lakhe laqalisa ukudibana nomculi we-Paul. Ngo-1940, kubugcubho kwakhona.
Intsapho yayihlala kwindlu ethobekileyo eBrussels, ayizange ingene ehlabathini kwaye ayihambi. URena akafane atyelele esitratweni. Inkosi yasebenza kwigumbi lokuhlala kwindlela engqongqo yosuku kwaye ihlala ifika etafileni kwisidlo sasemini. Isibini saBantwana khange siqale. Kukho izizathu ezininzi, kubandakanya ukuzinga nokungazinzi kwemali. Kodwa amaqhosha ayenenja eyithandayo, ethi umculi ahambe naye kwi-cinema. Emva kokusweleka kwentsapho iRena kuyenza ukuba ibike.
Ukufa
URem Thurtt wasweleka nge-15 ka-Agasti we-15, 1967. Unobangela wokufa yayingumhlaza we-pancreas. Kwiintsuku zokugqibela zobomi, wasebenza emfanekisweni "ubukhosi bokukhanya", kodwa akazange akwazi ukumgqibezela ngaphambi kokuba afe. Umculi wangcwatyelwa kumangcwaba oqatha kwiibrassels.
Namhlanje imisebenzi yombhali iboniswa eBrussels, kwimyuziyam yanikezela emsebenzini wakhe. Nantsi imifanekiso eboniswayo, iifilimu ezenziwe ngokweembono zomculi, ifoto yobomi be-regrt kunye nemizobo. Kwivenkile ngaphakathi kwimyuziyam Unokuthenga izithole ezingafunyanwanga eYurophu.
Ukupeyinta
- Ngo-1928-1929 - "ENqaku lemifanekiso"
- Ngo-1928 - "Abathandi"
- Ngo-1933 - "Iimeko zobukho bomntu"
- Ngo-1937 - "ukuvelisa kwakhona akuvumelekanga"
- Ngo-1951 - "Imbono kaMadama mame"
- Ngo-1961 - "Iindidi ezingaqondakaliyo"
- Ngo-1964 - "Nyana womntu"
- Ngo-1966 - "Iimfihlo ezimbini"