Biography
Isofya Alekseevna romanova yaziwa ngokuba yimbonakalo yencwadi yencwadi yomsebenzi we-Ilya. Inkazana ebalulekileyo umfazi okrwada inyuka ngee-canvas, enomsindo ngokujonga okunomsindo. Ukusuka kwisihloko somfanekiso Kucacile ukuba ubumnyama benkosazana akupheleli ku: Walolwa kwi-monastery iminyaka emininzi. Ababukumkani abasebenzayo bazama ukulawula urhulumente, kwaye ekugqibeleni bahlangabeza iintsuku zakhe ngokubiza ilizwe, amkele ukuthathelwa ingqalelo kwi-schima enkulu.Ubuntwana noLutsha
USharevna Sophia waba ngumntwana wesithandathu we-Elexei Mikhailovich - ummeli wesibini we-romanov ungunobi, onyuke kwitrone yetrone yaseRoma. Lilonke, ukumkani wayenobantwana abayi-16: 13 Ukusuka kumfazi wokuqala kunye ne-3 ukuya kwesibini.
UMaryA Inyinna Miloslavskaya, umfazi wokuqala onguMongami, wawuvela kumntu obonakalayo ebantwini ovela ePoland. Wamnika intombi kaSophia ngo-1657. Ukumkanikazi wavunyelwa kumthwalo wangokuhlwa wayo minyaka le, abantwana abaninzi basweleka emva kokuzalwa nasebusaneni, kwaye yena wafa kwisibhedlele i-1669.
Emva kweminyaka emi-2, ngo-1671, abahlolokazi abaneminyaka engama-42 ubudala Tsar batshata ubungangamsha oneminyaka engama-20 waseNatalia Kilillovna. IKumkanikazi kancinci yazala umyeni wakhe ukuba abantwana abathathu, abadala ababengumlawuli wexesha elizayo uPeter I.
Ke, eneminyaka eli-14 ubudala, uSterevna Sophia wafumana umama omkhulu. Sele ke intombazana yahlulahlulwe ngobukrelekrele nemfundo. Umcebisi wakhe yayingumbhali wezakwalizwi, umbhali kunye neNkampani yeNkalo yeNkundla uSimeyon Polotsky. I-Tsarevna ifundwe iilwimi, funda iincwadi kwimbali nenkolo, idlalwe ngokubhala. USophia Alekseevna wayetshitshisiwe, ehlawula iiwotshi zomthandazo kunye nokufunda iZibhalo Ezingcwele, kwaye wabhala iindaba ezilungileyo.
Ngelo xesha, kwintendelezo, iinkampu ezizingqongqo eziphithizekileyo ezichaseneyo - iMiloslav neNarshshina zazichongiwe ngokucacileyo. Izihlobo zabefundisi-ntsapho zazama ukusebenzisa iindlalifa njengokwenzelwa iimpembelelo kwii-odolo zikarhulumente, ezazikhuliswa ngokufa kuka-Alexei mikhailovich ngo-1676.
Abantwana bakaTharist bahlulwe yimpilo ebuthathaka, kwaye oonyana abadala bafa phambi kukaBawo. Ke ngoko, uFertor Alekseevich, umninawa omncinci kaTsarevna wenyuka waya etroneni. Wayesemncinci kwaye ebuhlungu kakhulu, kwaye udade osele ekhulile wasebenzisa umfana onempembelelo kunye negunya. I-ferdo eneminyaka engama-20 ubudala i-III ishiye ubomi ngo-1682, ngaphandle kokushiya iindlalifa. Ngexesha leTsarevna yayisele iqhelekile ukuba nenxaxheba kuyo yonke imicimbi yelizwe kwaye inike ii-odolo.
Le ntombazana yayinamandla kwaye inamandla, kwaye ingqondo yakhe ayibuzwa. Ke ngoko, uSophia akazange azahlule isithuba esiqhelekileyo senkosazana-lahlsha, abangazange bashiye abanabo bahamba, kwaye bavula iphepha elitsha lebhayiloji yabo.
Ibhodi kwaye ibhukuqa
Omnye umgcini weNkosi Fyodor III, uSophia wafumana abantu abathandanayo kwaye baqikelela phakathi kwababoy boyare kunye neenkokheli zomkhosi. Ukongeza, izalamane ze-miloslavsky zibonelela ngenkxaso eqinileyo kwi-heressss. Ke ngoko, xa ngo-1682 uNatalia Narshkina wahlala etroneni yombane wakhe oneminyaka eli-10 kaPetros, uSophia wayengenguyekisi. I-Sagittarius, eyalungiselela imvukelo exhobileyo, eyazilungiselela nge-15 kaMeyi, yafika ngoMeyi 15 kunye nonyana wonyana wakhe wakutshanje nonyana wakhe bavela kumagumbi asebukhosini.
I-miloslavsking clan ayikwazanga ukubeka phambili umceli oqinelweyo kwitrone, ngaphakathi kwabo kuphela yayikuphela kwendlalifa eyahlala kwi-Ivan ephilayo - i-Ivan eneminyaka eli-15 ubudala. I-Nryshkina igcina emva koPetros onamandla nonempilo. Ngenxa yoko, iBhunga le-boyarky yamenza ukulalanisa waza waxelela ookumkani kuzo zombini iindlalifa.
I-Tsarevichichi yaseTsarevichi yayingakwazi ukubazisela abalawuli ngokupheleleyo, kwaye uSophia Alekseevna akhethwe abazalwana ukuba baphinde babe ngabazalwana. NgoJuni 25, 1682, kwinkathalo enqwenelekayo yeMoscow Kremmren Ivan noPetros bahlalwa ngobukumkani, kwaye, urhulumente waseRussia waba ngudade wabo. Wayalela ukuba azibize azenzele aze akhulule iingqekembe ngomfanekiso wakhe.
Eyona ngxaki iphambili yomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi apho uMlawuli oselula wajamelana naye okokuqala, waba nemvukelo kunye nemincili. Inxalenye yabatoli phantsi kolawulo lwe-boy khoarky ayivunyelwanga nakwangoku. Ukungoneliseki kwahluthwa yicawa, yolula ukusukela amaxesha okutshintsha kukasolusapho. Konke oku kudideka kweTsarev kwakumiswe ngesandla esinzima, hayi esisidenge kwingcinezelo.
Umlo wokulwahlulwa kweSophia uqhubekile ngo-1685, wamkela "amanqaku asi-12 athi" obane buthathaka, kwaokophula amalungelo kwaye afezekise kumakholwa amadala. Amawakawaka abasebenzi abandala abaleke kwidolophu enkulu ukuya kwikona ekude, bazama ukuphepha ukohlwaywa okukhohlakeleyo.
Umsebenzi karhulumente uthunyelwe ekuphuculeni umyalelo karhulumente: Uqhube uhlengahlengiso lomkhosi, lwenziwe ngerhafu, ibalulekile ekwandiseni ubudlelwane borhwebo namazwe angaphandle. Ngo-1687, kwinyathelo leTsarevna, iYunivesithi yokuqala ivulwe eRussia - iSlavic-Latin Academy.
Ilifa, i-sofier aleksevna ineengxaki kumgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle. Ingxabano ye-Perennial ePoland yaphelisa ukutyikitya kwehlabathi laphakade ngo-1686, eyayikusasazwe ngokutsha kwamazwe aseUkraine.
Emva kokuba efumene intsimi entsha, uSophia wathembeka ukuba angene emfazweni kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho eKatate, owenza umonakalo kwi-Commonwealth. Ibangele uthotho lohambo lotywala, kodwa akukho namnye onamafutha empumelelo. Ukusilela kweentshukumo zomkhosi ziqhekeza igunya likaMongami. Isigqibo somgaqo-nkqubo ongaphandle kwezangaphandle sisivumelwano esingenantsingiselo ne-china, ngokwesikhundla saseRussia saphulukana nengingqi ye-AMR kunye nenani lemimandla ekude.
Ngelixa uSof Aleksevna wakhokelela kwilizwe, wahlanganisa uMzalwan 'uPeter uPeter. U-Ivan wayenomdla omncinci kwimicimbi yamandla, kwaye uPeter wayengasazeki ukungena kumalungelo asemthethweni. Ngo-1689, Tsarevich, kwicala likamama, watshata e-Evalokia Lopukhina. Kwaye nangona wayeneminyaka eli-17 kuphela ubudala, inyani yomtshato yamnika imeko yomntu omdala.
Umthengisi wayengazukuzinikezela ngokuzithandela itrone, nangona engasekho ilungelo lakhe. Ke ngoko, phakathi kweSofia noPeter, imbambano ecacileyo, ephantse yahlukaniswa kakhulu negazi elikhulu. Kodwa iiyunithi zomkhosi omnye emva kwenye enye ishiye inkosazana, ihamba ecaleni kwenkosi entsha.
Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlala ngaphandle kwenkxaso ye-forge kwaye waqesha i-cargen eninzi, uSophia aleksevna wanyanzelwa ukuba athobele i-odolo yomlawuli wexesha elizayo aza asuse amagunya, asuse kwimonki.
Ubomi Buqu
USophia Alekseevna wayengalunganga yena: umthwalo, i-squat, enezityalo ebusweni bakhe, wayehluthwa ubulali. Le yingqondo kunye neempawu zokomoya zobuntu bakhe bazixabisa kakhulu.
"Ingqondo kunye nezibonelelo zakhe azikho kwaphela ihlangezwe ihlazo lomzimba wakhe, kuba ukuya esinqeni zayo zimfutshane, zibanzi kwaye zinobuchule."
Enjalo umzobo wembali yenkosazana ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga okuphindwe kabini, iFrentshi fu de la de la nyvildwa. Ukuphila kwintendelezo, uSophia wakhokelela kwindlela yokuphila yomoya. Wayifunda i-Prosalty nobomi babangcwele, bazila ukutya, bethandaza kwaye bephila kwaye bephila emhlabeni bengafani kakhulu ne-NUN.
Kwangelo xesha, uchazwe kubudlelwane bothando nomcebisi wakhe, inkosana vasitsyn. INkosana yayiyintloko ye-odolo ye-Imbasssoy, inoxanduva lobudlelwane bamanye amazwe. USophia Alekseevna uthembele i-xolomat kwaye wawalawula amagunya amakhulu.
Umsindo owoyikayo nowoyika uThixo kunye nemiyalelo engqongqo yamaxesha eDoperevsky akunakulindeleka ukuba ikwazi ukunxibelelana neenkosana nenkosana. Ngapha koko, watshata wakhulisa abantwana abathandathu. Nangona kunjalo, ababhali-mbali bakhokela iziqwenga zembalelwano yeSofia kunye neGolitsyn, ngokwenzekayo ekuqondeni ukuba iPrince ifumene indawo ebalulekileyo entliziyweni yakhe.
Nangona kunjalo, uSophia Aleksevna wayephila ubomi obude, kwaye ngaphandle kokutshata, njengo dade wabo ngamnye. Bonke abafune bathathwa njengelungelo lokuzibandakanya nentombi, kwaye abakhweli baphesheya kweyona ndlu yasebukhosini baza kuba bengama-Indians, ngoko ke bekukuze kube nzima ukwenza uBomi bobuqu.
Iminyaka edlulileyo kunye nokufa
Ngo-1689, uSterevna Sophia wathinjwe kumzalwana kwi-moscow novodevichichi comostery, apho kuye kwakho iminyaka eli-15 yobomi bakhe.
Inkosazana ibonelela ngobomi obutofotofo, ukuthintela, nangona kunjalo, ishiye imida yocingo lomonima. Ekuqaleni, i-Uznice ibeka umlindi. Kwanangaba noontanga no-Aunts, ngekhe watyelelwa ngamanyala kuphela kweholide ezinkulu. Kwangelo xesha, iseli ye-Sofia yayinamagumbi aliqela acocekileyo, kwaye inkonzo yahlulwa.
UPeter i, sele enguKumkani kuphela, watyelela udade odityanisiweyo kwimonkiya, kodwa enekratshi uTzarevna wadibana naye. Uxolelwaniso phakathi kwabo akenzekanga.
Xa ngo-1698 eMoscow, i-StreetSky Rose ilandelayo, uPeter ndagqiba kwelokuba uSophia Alekseevna wayebandakanyekile kule meko. I-Sagittarius yayinomsindo ikakhulu zizizathu zentlalo noqoqosho, kodwa nemvelaphi yezopolitiko ekuthetheni yazo zinokubonwa. Ukumkani wakhawuleza wagqiba kwelokuba amaRobhere ajonge ukuhlala etroneni yenkosana. Emva kwalo msitho, uSophia waqinisekiswa kwi-Nun ngokufika kwegama elitsha - uSusanna.
USophia Alekseevna wayehlala kwiminyaka engama-46 ubudala kwaye wasweleka nge-3, 1704, ekuseni kwakhe ukusweleka kukaShima ngapha ka-Eva kwaye wabuyisela igama lakhe langaphambili. Unobangela wokusweleka kwababhali-mbali akathethi nantoni na echanekileyo. Umzimba weenkosana ungcwatyelwe phantsi kwe-arches castraticady ye-novoddevichy ye-moscow yaseMoscow.