Biography
I-Richard Strauss ngumqambi waseJamani, owabonisa indlela awayephendula ngayo kubomi be-19 ukuya kwinkulungwane ye-19 ukuya kwinkulungwane. Omnye wabafudula bodwa bomculo eJamani, waphunyezwa njengomculi nomqhubi wesiqendu. Strausniyo wayehlonipha ebomini, uzuko luhamba kunye naye kwaye namhlanje ndiyabulela kwimisebenzi engafiyo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
URichard Strauss wazalwa nge-11 kaJuni, 1864 eMunich. Utata kaRichard wayesisiphumo esivela kwii-molmors okwazile ukufezekisa ukwamkelwa kunye nezikhundla ezibulela ngetalente ye fan. Waba ngumfundisi wokuqala woNyana. Umama wenkwenkwe wayeyintombi yentombi enesityebi kwaye wayenoluvo oluhle notyekelo lomculo. Kusapho lwakhe yayingamagcisa e-Opera.
Kwiminyaka emi-4, uRichard waqalisa iiklasi kwipiyano, kwaye 6 yazisa inqaku lokufunda. Ngeli xesha kubandakanya imisebenzi yokuqala yelungelo lokushicilela. UStrauss Jr. wamkela umculo, wafunda ukonwaba kwakhe kwaye wayenomdla kwaloo nto. Iindlela eziphambili azityhutyha uBawo zabonakala ziphelile abantu abancinci, kwaye wayefuna iindlela ezintsha.
Kwiminyaka eli-10 ubudala, inkwenkwana yaqala wayiva imisebenzi yomculo weRichard Wagner. I-Strauss isoyisile imvakalelo kunye nesitayile sombhali we-opera. Kule nto, akazange ajike kuYise, owawuthandayo umsebenzi we-wagner. Utata wafumana unyana wakhe ukuba aphulaphule lo mculo. URichard wakwazi ukufundisisa amanqaku eTristan kunye ne-isdas, kuphela ukuba ngumntu omdala.
Kwindawo yokuziqhelanisa ne-orchestra, i-Strauss-Jr. Funda inkcazo yomculo kunye ne-orchestal ngenxa yokungakhathali kukaBawo. Ukongeza, wabandakanyeka ekhaya kwaye wafunda ikhosi yokuzivocavoca. Emva koko, kwiDyunivesithi yaseMunich, umqambi wexesha elizayo waqhelana nembali yobugcisa nentanda-bulumko.
Umqhubi wesifundo saseRenrich uRardrich u-Triedrich wanika i-stauss izifundo ze-raussions kwaye wachaza uhlalutyo lweefom. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwi-Amateur Orchestra, uRichard uzame ulwazi lokuziqhelanisa kwaye wenza uvavanyo lokuqala lomqambi. Italente yakhe icacile kangangokuba akukho sidingo sokungena kulondolozo.
Umculo
Umsebenzi wokuqala we-strauss waphawuleka njengomzekelo wokumodareyitha. Italente yokuqala kombhali ixabisa abagxeki bomculo, abadlali nabaqhubi. I-Hans I-Hans Insues yenze i-strauss kunye nenkokheli yothumo lwayo, yaphathiswe ukuba umntu onkokheli womntu waseNkampani yeNkundla yeNkundla ye-Saxen-Mancialky. Kodwa watsalwa kwii-aftanses ngokubanzi, kwaye uRichard washiya isixeko, aqala ukufezekisa okukhulu.
Uphumelele isikhundla se-3 ye-chapplimes kwi-Munich Copera. Uvavanyo lomculo luye lwaqulunqa umbono we-swinhonic wakhuthazwa luhambo oluya e-Itali, kwaye ngo-1886 umsebenzi we "waseItali" wazalwa.
Emva kweminyaka emi-3 njengoMphathiswa Wethimbe Wemidlalo wenkundla yaseWayima yeNkundla, i-Strauss ibhalile kwaye isebenza ngokuhambelana nomgaqo we-symphony doen don, eboniswe ngo-1889. Ukuqulunqwa kwe-Strauss kwakunempumelelo. URichard wayeneminyaka engama-25 ubudala, i-boography yakhe yokuyila yaqala ukwakhiwa, kwaye ilizwe lomculo lalikulungele ukuyingenisa.
Umsebenzi we-Iconic olandelayo yayiyi-macbeth opera. Abagxeki babethathile ukuba bacace, kwaye utata wakhe wayethetha ngokrokrela malunga nemibhalo yoNyana, ecela ukutshintsha kwezinto. Izixhobo ezigqithileyo kunye nokugqithisa kakhulu konakalise imvakalelo yomculo. Kodwa imeko yengqondo echazwe kuyo yayikukubamba abanye abaphulaphuli. Intlungu yeShakespeare, uxinzelelo kunye nesandi esigciniweyo kwi-opera melody.
Ngo-1889, uluntu lwaqhelana 'nokufa kunye nokukhanya ", nto leyo eyachaza ubuthathaka bobuntu kunye nokuqonda utshintsho. Umsebenzi owenza uloyiko lotshintsho, ehamba kunye notshintsho lwesakhiwo sikarhulumente kwaye sacaca ngamathemba kwikamva.
Ngo-1893, uStrauss waziswa kuluntu ukuba lube ngumculo "Gusram". Kwaye kwi-1895th babonisa abaphulaphuli "ababaphulaphuli" bakaTila ulenshpigel ", bazinikele kumhlobo wamhlobo ndizaya. Umsebenzi wemizuzu eli-15 yokugxekwa waphawuleka njengeyona nto ilungileyo kwinani lengoma yombhali. Umdlalo omfutshane unee-alpisodes ezingama-27 ngobomi kunye nokufika kwegorha lencwadi.
I-1896TA iphawulwe ngokukhululwa "yathetha ka-Zarathustra." UZaynal uthathe inxaxheba ekusebenzeni kumculo womculo. Ukuze ube yingozi eyonwabileyo, waba yimvakalelo ekhuthazekileyo, enika umhlobo weNcwadi yeNietzsche.
Ingongo le-sygnonic equka iziqwenga ezili-9 ngokuhambelana neentloko zencwadi yaba ngumzekelo ocacileyo weRomaticism. Imingxunya eqhutywa kwiPrieere eFrankfurt yabagxeki kunye nabaphulaphuli. Ngo-1904, wabhala "symphony", owaphawulwa ngokugqitywa komsebenzi kumjikelo wemisebenzi yohlobo.
Ngo-1905, uSara Borrard Staus Staus wabhala idrama kumdlalo we-Oscar Wilde Salome. Iminyaka enye enesiqingatha ifuna i-Strauss ukuba isebenze kwi-symphony. Inkulumbuso yagungqa. I-Erotitism egqithisileyo, umahluko ocacileyo kunye nezokubonisa kwindawo leyo edalwe ngu-Apotheosis ojikeleze umsebenzi.
Umbukeli waseJamani uPuritan onobunzima basamkela isincoko seStrauss. Amagcisa ayaliwe ukudlala umdlalo. Emva koko kwalandela "i-Elecra". Imisebenzi emibini yaqalisa ukuhlangana eYurophu, ngokuthe ngcembe ukungena kwi-vermores yeqonga.
URichard waqalisa ukusebenza ngakumbi njengomqhubi kwaye wafumana isithuba kwi-Berchestra yeNkundla yaseBerlin. Wanyulwa nguMlawuli womculo weNkundla yeNkundla yaseBerlin. Iminyhadala yomculo phantsi koncedo lwethafa lwalubanjelwe kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo zaseJamani. I-Norvator yajika yaba yimfuno. Wafuduselwa kukhenketho, kwaye abaphulaphuli e-USA kwiinyanga ezi-2 'bangenelwe "umqhubi wesifundo", onike iikonsathi ezingama-35 eMelika.
Imvumi enento enamandla kunye nelukhuni yenze i-Kavalera yenyuka ngo-1911. Uye walandela i-operas entsha, ebhalwa yimiculo yeiSekars kunye ne-Orchestral Desys. I-Strauss ihamba notyelelo lweYurophu, iUnited States naku-1913 zafika eRussia. Ngelo xesha, sele esebenze kwi "Alpine symphony", ebone ukukhanya ngo-1915 eBerlin. Imbonakalo yakhe ithathelwa ingqalelo enye yezona zithandwa kakhulu kumculo weklasikhi.
Umqambi usebenzisane ne-Hugo Poffnanser e-Homermarnar emsebenzini "kumfazi ngaphandle kwesithunzi". Inkulumbuso ye-Opera yabanjwa ngo-1919. Kwangelo xesha, uRichard Staus wafumana isimemo sokuba nguMlawuli weNdlu ye-Vienna I-Opera, apho wasebenza khona kwiminyaka emi-5 ezayo. Wenza i-ballet kunye ne-operas.
Ngexesha elinzima ukutshintsha iirejimeni zezopolitiko, i-Strauss ihlala ihleli. Wayiva imeko yabantu kwaye wasabela kuye ngomculo. Ngaphandle kokufumana iingxaki, umqambi akazange ayeke ukwenza, ukubhala uMzi kunye ne-operas.
Ukusinda kakhulu ekufeni kweKorofmanstal, imvumi yayifuna iqabane elitsha kwaye yambona eStefan Tsthunyelweig. Kodwa ulawulo lukaHitler aluzange lwamkeli imisebenzi yombhali. I-Strauss yayingagqitywa ngokuthotywa kweqabane, warhoxa.
Umqambi wasebenza ngendlela edlalayo, umculo wakhe ugcwele kwaye unesondo. Ukubhalwa kwe-Straussing ye-operas ye-opera edumileyo "don Quixote", "umphefumlo we-HERO" kunye ne-prothernism ". Umqambi onababuhlungu wabhekisa kubuchule bakhe, uzibiza ngokuba "lixesha lesibini".
Ubomi Buqu
URichard Strauss wadibana nothando lwakhe ngo-1887, ethetha umqhubi wesifundo se-Geezal noGertel opera. Kwinkqubo, umculi uPowlina Maria de Ana, apho umqambi wathandana ngaphandle kwenkumbulo. Ethetha nguPatron, wandicebisa umculi emthendelekweni kwi-Guntram Opera.
I-Poolina inomlinganiswa onzima. Ngaphandle koku, ngo-1894 umtshato wakhe noRichard Strauss Straus. Umtshato wawuhamba nezihlahlakalo ophethwe ngumfazi wakhe. UStrauss wonwabile ebomini bakhe kwaye uqhubeka unyamezele ubunzima bakhe. Emva kwengxabano kunye nengcamango yakhe, wayedla ngokuphelisa ukuphefumlelwa, ngenxa yoko wamjonga uPaulna umyuziyam. Kungokwakhe, umbhali wabhala iingoma ezimbalwa, ezazithandabuza umntu osebenza phantsi kodumo. Kodwa oku akuzange kunciphise utyekelo lwe-pousin ukuze ube nomdla umkhwele
Ngaphandle kobudlelwane obunzima, esi sibini sasinabantwana. Ngo-1896, indlalifa ukuya kumqambi Franz Strauss. Inkangeleko yakhe inikelwe 'kwi-symphony ".
Kodwa unyana othandwayo akazange anciphise inqanaba elishushu lomsindo kwi-pawlin. Wayesabele ngokuvakalayo ngomyeni wakhe, wamgxeka esidlangalaleni, wabonakalisa uphawu olungafezekanga eluntwini kwaye luzigcina zinempembelelo. Ukuhlamba ishawa kuyo ayikhathali, nangona waba lixhoba lokuzama.
Nje ukuba afumane inqaku kwi-acleed laliqa laqalisa ubudlelwane bomyeni wakhe ecaleni, imvumi yoqhawule umtshato. Emva koko, amathayi ayizange aphile nabani na, kuba bonke ubomi bakhe babemthanda umfazi omnye, baqhubeka nokunikela imisebenzi yakhe.
Ukufa
URichard Strauss waphila ubomi obude. Ukufa kwamfumana kunyaka wama-86 we-86. Umqambi wayenobuthathaka kunye nengca. Umzimba wakhe watyhafisa ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo onenzondelelo. Rhoqo Makwazise ngobuthathaka kunye nentliziyo egulayo. Ngamanye amaxesha ibangela ukuba ifudunyele ilahlekile. Isizathu sokufa komqambi siye saba semvelo ngenxa yobudala bakhe. NgoSeptemba 8, 1949 wasweleka.
Inyaniso enomdla ihambelana negama leStraus. Ihlala ithathwa njengenye isalamane somnye umqambi, uJohann Stuss, owazukisa ii-waluts ezibhaliweyo. Kodwa kuphela kwenyani enomdla yokuba amanye amahle iimvumi ezimbini yayiyinzala eyandisiweyo yamaNazi ngokufika kuka-Adolf Hitler.
Imisebenzi yomculo
- 1887 - "Ukusuka e-Itali"
- 1889 - "UDon Juan"
- 1890 - "MacBEth"
- I-1895 - "ii-ricks ze-tila ulenenspigel"
- Ngo-1896 - "Ke thetha u-Zarathustra"
- Ngo-1898 - "don Quixote"
- Ngo-1904 - "Symphony"
- Ngo-1905 - "Salome"
- Ngo-1909 - "Electra"
- I-1911 - I-Kavaler Roses
- Ngo-1928 - "uElena Egypt"
- Ngo-1935 - "Umfazi Othule"
- Ngo-1938 - "Imini Yehlabathi"