Biography
Isixeko esinqabileyo esikwindawo yasePosiet-soviet asinayo imephu yesitrato ebizwa ngokuba yiKarl Liebknecht. Kwangelo xesha, ayingabo bonke abahlali ngaphandle koncedo lwe "google" ziya kuphendula ngokukhawuleza, ngubani lo mntu kwaye yintoni edumileyo. Nangona kunjalo, yayicinga ukuba ifani enesibi-sibiso esivakalayo esenza ubuKomanisi odlulileyo, inguqu kunye nonontlalontle.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UKarl Hobknecht wazalwa ngo-1871 kwiLepzig, esona sixeko sikhulu saseSaxonyo. Abazali benkwenkwe babenxulumana ngqo kwezopolitiko, kwaye kwakubonakala ngathi ikamva lakhe lamiselwa kwangaphambili ukususela ebuntwaneni. Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba umntwana abe ngukumkani kathixo wootata wohlaziyo lwehlabathi - iKarl Marx kunye ne-Eeridrich Engel.
Izalamane zomntwana zazingaqondakaliyo kunye nobuntu bakho, phakathi kwabo uMartin Luther. Intsapho yayingawonye ihlelo esungulwa ngunyana odumileyo. Utatomkhulu omnye uCharles ngunjingalwazi eyunivesithi, owesibini nguMongameli wePalamente.
UWilhelm noNatalia Hoknecht bakhupha abantwana abane, uKarl wayemdala. I-Theodore, u-Otto noWilhelm bashiya umkhondo kwimbali yaseJamani, ebandakanyeka kwinzululwazi nakwizopolitiko.
Utata wosapho wayenamathele kwimibono yoguquko kwaye wayelilungu lePalamente yaseJamani, emele iqela ledemokhrasi lezentlalontle, kwaye oonyana basebuntwaneni bafumana imbono yeMarxist.
Emva kokuphumelela kwi-gimnasium ngo-1890, i-Karl ka-Kalol ingene kwiYunivesithi yeLeipzig ngokukhetha ubuchwephesha bomthetho, emva koko waqhubeka enemfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseBerlin. Ukuba nesiphiwo sendalo, lo mntu ubonakalisa unyamezelo ekufundiseni, njengoko kwakuqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba amalungelo akhe namalungelo afuna ukukhusela kwixesha elizayo. Kwiminyaka engama-26 ubudala, wakhusela i-thesis waza waba ngugqirha womthetho.
Umsebenzi wezopolitiko
Ukususela ngo-1900, uCarl uba lilungu leqela ledemokhrasi lentlalontle, esekwe nguYise. Indoda isebenza njengegqwetha, ukukhusela kwiinkundla zamahlangiso kunye noosenyameko, ukuveza abasemagunyeni ekutshutshisweni kwamalungelo abo.
Kwinqanaba le-batch, i-notsotions yacwangciswa, kwaye uKarl wajoyina i-radicals yasekhohlo, ekhusela imigaqo yemfazwe echasene nokusekwa ulutsha ukuba lupheliswe ngumkhosi. Utshintsho lokuqala lweRussia lwe-1905 kwezopolitiko eliphefumlelweyo, kwaye waqala ukukhuthaza izimvo zelizwe liphela. I-Tobknecht ithetha abantu baseJamani abaneminyhadala eRussia njengomzekelo osebenzayo womzabalazo wezopolitiko.
Ukususela ngo-1907, uKarl usekwe kwi-Ofisistry yamanye amazwe. Umncedisi wakhe uba yinto eqinisekile iMarxist Hosa Luxembourg. Ukulindela ukukhusela imfazwe eyonakalisayo, i-Heboknecht isebenzisa lonke uthuli lwayo kunye nokubonisa inkosi yomgaqo-nkqubo wombane wamandla asemthethweni. Kule misebenzi, inkundla ye-impem ityhola indoda kwilizwi likaRhulumente kwaye igwetyiwe kangangexesha elithile unyaka elinesiqingatha.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuthandwa komgaqo-nkqubo ukuphakanyiswe kangangokuba unyulwe kwisekela likaSekela-Cussing yeCussian Hught ngelixa usesigqibo. Ukususela ngo-1912, i-Hibelenechnecht sele icaphucwe kwiJamani.
Ngokuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, eyona yoyikiso imbi kakhulu kunye noqikelelo lukaCharles lwazaliseka. Kwintlanganiso yeReichtag ngo-1914, ugxeka ngokudumisa imigaqo-nkqubo yamandla, ebiza imfazwe yomoya wesibhakabhaka kwaye uyala ukuvota iimali mboleko zomkhosi. Ngenxa yoko, iqela ledemokhrasi lentlalontle livela kude nommeli oqinileyo kwaye ayibandakanyi i-bobknecht evela kumanqanaba ayo.
Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uye wenzeka umgaqo-nkqubo, ngenxa yoko uwela kwinani le-wid laza lathunyelwa kwiminyaka engama-44 ubudala. Apho, indoda ityhila iphulo, lokucela umkhosi ukuba lilwe notshaba lwangaphandle olucingelwayo lwangaphandle, kodwa inesiphene se-impiriyali yaseJamani.
Isiqalo sikaCharles Livebynecht sigalelwe kwindalo ye-Anti-Viar Union "i-spartbak", eyaqala ukuyenza ukususela ngo-1916.
Ukuqalwa
Iiqubulo ze-Spartak ezibizwa ngokuba zii-protarians zokungangqinelani kunye nokuchasa ubuxoki. Nge-1 kaMeyi, ngo-1916, i-hlebnecht ithatha inxaxheba kumboniso kwaye ibiza abantu ukuba babhukuqe urhulumente okhokelela kwimfazwe enegazi. Ngeli xesha, ugwetyiwe kangangeminyaka emi-4 ejele, wagwetywa umsebenzi wenkolo.
I-Carl isebenza isiqingatha kuphela sekota kwaye ikhutshwe ngo-1918 emva komhla wokuhlaziywa kukaNovemba kwaye ibhukuqiwe yolawulo lwe-Kaiserov. Ukuqukumbela, inguqulelo ayizange ishiye umsebenzi wephulo kwaye iqhubekile ngokuya kwinkululeko.
NgoDisemba 1918, kunye neRosa Luxembourg, indoda isekwe kwiqela lamaKomanisi laseJamani. Umdubuli weqela yayiliphephandaba "rota fan". UKarl Hobknecht akakho ngaphandle kwesizathu otyumza abahlobo ngaphambili kwiqela ledemokhrasi kwimanyano kunye negunya lolwaphulo-mthetho le-impiriyali.
Ngo-1919, u-Libhekinecht ntloko uvuthuza uvuthuza urhulumente, obiza ukubhukuqwa kweedemokhrasi zentlalo kunye nokunyusa amandla abasebenzi kunye namajoni. Igunya kunye nenkxaso enkulu enobuki bamaKomanisi, yanyanzela abachasi bakhe boyike kakhulu imiphumo yemvukelo. Ingagalela ngokulula kwimfazwe yamakhaya. Ke ngoko, abasemagunyeni babhengeza ngokusemthethweni uKarl Liebknecht naseRosa Luxembourg ngolwaphulo mthetho basekarhulumente kwaye banyule umvuzo wemali ngenxa yeentloko zabo.
Ubomi Buqu
Kubomi bobuqu be-hleknesitt bekukho abafazi ababini abaphambili. I-Yulia Paradesi yaba liqabane lokuqala, uKarl watshata ngo-1900. Esi sibini sihlala kunye iminyaka eli-11, ekufeni komfazi wayo. Umhlolokazi oneminyaka engama-40 wahlala nabantwana abathathu: uWilhelm, uRobert noKholo. Unyana ophakathi ophakathi wohlaziyo waba ngumculi kwaye uphumelele imihla yakhe eParis ngo-1994.
Ndikunye nomfazi wesibini, uRoshovchanki Sofia Riesh, Liebknecht wadibana ngo-1903. UbuYuda bubuzwe, intombazana yayiyintombi yomrhwebi, nomnini wesityalo. Wafumana imfundo yababhali bembali eBerlin, apho wadibana khona neCarl. Ngo-1912, batshata, kwaye uSophia wabakhathalela abantwana abancinci abaye bahlala kwinkathalo yakhe epheleleyo emva kokusweleka komyeni wakhe ngo-1919.
Emva kokuba ehleli ekwimeko enzima, umhlolokazi wavela uncedo oluvela eVladimir Lenin, kwaye iorhulumente ye-USSR ye-USSR ixhasa usapho. Ukususela ngo-1933, uSophia Boricovna wafudukela eMoscow, apho wayehlala endlwini nge-cloung enkulu kwaye esebenza njengomfundisi. Wayehlala iminyaka engama-81 ubudala kwaye wangcwatywa ngembeko njengesibonelelo soguquko olukhulu.
UKarl Hobknecht uphawu lwento yokuthandana nePoland Rose Luxembourg. Inyaniso enomdla - basweleka ngolunye usuku, kwaye eli binzana linombala oqhelekileyo wokuthandana. Nangona kunjalo, ubuhlobo kunye nokunyaniseka kwityala ngokubanzi kuboyikisa. URosa wayegcina ubudlelwane obufudumeleyo neSofia kwaye wadibana nembalelwano, enikezela ngenkxaso kwiminyaka yakhe yomyeni wakhe.
Ukufa
I-biography ye-Karl Liveknecht iphela iyazisola. NgoJanuwari 15, 1919, umguquko wabamba igumbi lokwenza iyelenqe kwaye wabetha i-rifle. Abanquli benza ukoma kwaye bengakhathali, bazama, ukuba babonakalise abameli bomthetho. Bathembise ukuba bathathe indoda ukuba ibe yijele, kodwa endleleni yaphoswa ngaphandle kwemoto kwaye yadutyulwa. I-Hileler's Biller ye-rudolf lipman.
I-fit efanayo nehlelwe yi-Luxembourg, umzimba ofunyanwa emlanjeni kuphela entwasahlobo. Unobangela wokufa yayiyimpungutye elathi igosa elibukhathaza uSusan. Akukho namnye kubo ababulawayo abagwetyiweyo. Amaphephandaba aseburhulumenteni acacisa ukubulawa kweentsilelo ngokungekho mthethweni.
Ingcwaba lengcwaba likaCharles Liebynecht likhona eBerlin kwaye lityesi yengcwangu ye-pink marble ngombhalo obhaliweyo. Ukugweba ngefoto, islab kwingcwaba laseRosa Luxembourg liyafana naye njengamaconsi amabini amanzi.