Biography
I-Adam mitskevich yimbongi yePoland edumileyo, osebenza umsebenzi welizwe lovelwano luthelekiswa nokubaluleka kwe-alexander tyokin yoncwadi lwaseRussia. Iingcali zibiza umbhali kumbhali we-polish ye-polish yothando. Wema kwintloko yentshukumo yenkululeko yelizwe ePoland.Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Adam Meskevich wazalwa kwifama yaseKossas, kufutshane nedolophu yaseNovogrudoki. Iminyaka emi-3 ngaphambi kokuba imbonakalo yombhali, la mazwe angakwenziwa kwi-Commonwealth, emva koko axhonya noBukhosi baseRussia. Namhlanje, intsimi ye-Belasus, ke abahlali bayazi ngomsebenzi wembongi.
UAdam wazalwa ngoDisemba 24, 1798. Utata wenkwenkwe, uMikolai, wayehamba ukusuka kuhlobo lweLithuania. Nje ukuba abe ngobuqaqawuli, kodwa usapho lwaphethukiswa kwaye alunamo. I-mitskevich-sr. Ikhokelele kwiphulo lomthetho ukondla usapho. Ngo-1794, le ndoda yaxhasa ukuphakama kukaTadedasch Kostyuthe noonyana bakhe wazisa inkandlalo ngenxa yesizwe sakhe kunye nokuhlonipha abazukulwana. Umama kaBarbara, umYuda kwimvelaphi, yayiyintsapho yomqeshwa omncinci.
NgoFebruwari 12, 1799, inkwenkwana yabhaptizwa eCavogrudsky yeCawe yokuguqulwa kweNkosi. Ukususela ngo-1805 ukuya kwi-1815, wafunda kwiSikolo saseDominican, esekwe kwiTempile ye-St. Archael, kwaye wathunyelwa apho kunye nobuchule boncwadi. Imibongo yokuqala iMitskevich ibhala ngokulula. Wayekuthanda ukufunda.
Ukukhuphela ulwazi kunye nokukhuthala kwanceda ukufumana imali engafihlisiyo kwaye uye kwiyunivesithi yaseCilen, owayengumfundi wakhe waba ngo-1815. Okokuqala, eyona nto iphambili ekugxilwe kuyo iMiskevich yayiyisiko kunye nemathematics, kodwa ngonyaka umfana watshintshelwa kwimbali nefilogy. Inzala kuncwadi nembali yavela yomelele.
Kwi-faculty entsha, umfundi waqala ukufunda i-antiquique kwintsusa, efundwa iilwimi zasemzini kwaye watyelela izifundo zootitshala abadumileyo. Ootitshala bancede ukwenza isimo sengqondo esibambeleyo sehlabathi malunga nezibakala nokuba kwenzeka ntoni ehlabathini. Iingcamango zeklasikhi ezikwiintetho zazo zazixutywa kunye neendlela ezintsha zokunyangwa ezazichukumisa abafana.
Ukususela ngo-1817, iMiskevich yayikwinqanaba labafundi abathathe inxaxheba ekudalweni kweMibutho yaseyunivesithi yaseTtriotic: Pyyloadlotov. I-patriots yelizwe lemveli, balwa nokulondolozwa kolwimi lwabo lwenkobe kunye nesidima sikazwelonke, bakhuthaza uncedo oludingayo. Emva kwexesha, iinkolelo zabo zabekwa kwinkqubo yezopolitiko.
Ukufumene idiploma ekupheleni kweDyunivesithi ngo-1819, i-mitskevich ifumene ukubakho kokuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisa. Wathunyelwa kwisixeko saseKovno, ngoku uKaunas. Ukuthetha ngenyathelo elinjalo, amagosa awela kwiDyunivesithi yaseVilensky, azame ukukhusela imbongi ekuthathe inxaxheba kwimibutho eyimfihlo. Uhlobo lwekhonkco elibekiweyo lwesiqalo sendalo kwimisebenzi yomoya wothando. I-mitskevich yabhala i-ballads kunye nemibongo, ichaza iimbono zakhe kunye neWorld.
Imibongo
Ngo-1822, iNcwadi yePhakalo yemibongo yeMibongo ye-mitskevich ivele. Umthamo wokuqala wokubhaliweyo wabizwa ngokuba "yimibongo" kwaye waquka umjikelo odumileyo "ii-ballads kunye nezibonda". Emva konyaka, bapapasha i-2nd yomthamo wempapasho, owayenemibongo ethi "thada" kunye "neGrezin".
Umsebenzi wentlalo yembongi wahambelana kakhulu nobuchule, ngokuyinxalenye yinkqubo. Ngo-1823, mitzcevich yabanjwa "kwimeko yePhiloardaya". Wayesentolongweni, kodwa enkosi kubahlobo bakhe ngo-1824 kwakhululwa kwintando. Emva kwesiqingatha sonyaka, ababhali bagxothwa esixekweni.
Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahambe kwaye ahambe baye eSt. Petersburg. Emva koko watyelela uOdissa, i-rimea, Moscow kwaye wabuyela kwikomkhulu elimantla. Olu hambo lwathabatha iminyaka emi-5 kwaye lwazisa i-miskevich ukuze ukwazi ukwanda kwe-nesligialia yaseRussia. Emva koko, waya eYurophu kwaye watyelela eItali, eSwitzerland, eJamani. Imbongi yaba ngumphulaphuli weentetho zikaEgeli.
Ngo-1830, umgudu we-Everfee wenzeka ePoland, kwaye iMizkevich izamile ukubuyela kwilizwe lakhe, kodwa wayengavumelekanga. Kwakufuneka afudukele eParis kwaye aqhubeke engendawo eYurophu, ebakhokele umbhali e-Itali.
I-mickskevich yayingumbhali onemveliso. Ilifa lakhe liquka ubunzima bemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ukucebisa ngemiquntrakthi yengqokelela yemibhalo, uAdam wenze isakhiwo salo senkqubo kwiintsomi kunye neenkolelo. Babesekelwa kwiinkolelo zothando, ukuthumela kwihlabathi lemifanekiso, apho izinto eziphambili zaba yindawo ephambili. Imida yohlobo kule misebenzi ifikile.
Ezona zibhalwa zidumileyo zolu lwalathiso yayingu "Paris", "Romance", "uyathandeka" kunye "noSvitzean". Emva kohambo eRussia, kwakhutshwa i-sonnets zornnes. Eyona phawu iphambili icacile ukuba ibe yinkcazo yendalo kunye nobunye nomntu.
Ngo-1828 bapapasha incwadi ethi "Komod Valenrod. Ibali lembali elivela kwimbali yeLithuanian ne-Prussian. " Icebo lixela malunga nesenzo esenzeka kwinkulungwane ye-14. Iprotagonist, inkosi yeCRUSADER, ifakwe imiqathango yokhetho phakathi kweemvakalelo zokuthand 'izwe kunye nekhowudi ye-knight. Ngoncedo lwakhe, i-miskevich ichaze amava abathathi-nxaxheba kumbutho oyimfihlo awayephuma kuyo.
Imibongo "yentsomi ye-vaider" kunye ne "Alpuhara" - isebenza kwiivesi zabafundi baseRussia, zaphuma kwangaxeshanye, kodwa zazingenalo mthwalo mnye, kodwa wayengenalo mthwalo mnye. EYurophu, iMiskevich isebenze ekuqhubekeni kombongo "Chida". Iziqendu ezininzi zomsebenzi, zidibanisa, zenze ubume obuxelela ngeenkolelo nezithethe, iminqweno yegorha le-lyrical.
Ezi ndawo zihambelana nobudala obuchazayo apho umbhali echaza inkqubo kwimeko yePhiloarndas. Umsebenzi uchaza ukuvela ngokutsha komntu ophambili, isibongozo sakhe kuSomandla kunye nombuzo woBulungisa kwento eyenzekayo kuRhulumente kunye nengcinezelo yabantu. Ukwala i-Hour yaseRoyal Deskevich i-pitkevich ichaze nge-prism ye-proby kunye ne-fantasy.
Owona msebenzi uphambili we-tadeusch imbongi yenziwa ngo-1834 ngexesha lokuhlala kwakhe eParis. Kukho imigca eliqela eqingqiweyo kuyo, enkosi apho umbhalo oye waba ngumbongo wesizwe, akukho holo ngoncwadi lwePolish. Umbhali uchaze uluntu lwePoland olulungiselelwe ukufika kwemikhosi yaseNapoleon. Umsebenzi wokugqibela womsebenzi awuzange uqinisekiswe ngenyani, ngokuchasene nezinto zika-Adam.
Ukongeza kwimibongo, i-mitskevich yayinomdla kwintatheli. Ngeminyaka yee-1840, wakhupha umjikelo, ababegxekwa abachasa boncwadi ababethunyelwe kwi "Lausanne Grogsism." IMisebenzi ichaza njengomzekelo wobuMesiya bothando, izinto ezixelwe kwangaphambili ngumbhali wale mihla. Imibongo ifanelwe kukutshintsha okuqinisekileyo ekufuneka kutshiwo ukuqhekeka. Babethelekiswa nokubuya kwesibini kukaKristu, bayakwazi ukusasaza imigaqo yobuKristu kuyo yonke indawo.
Iinjongo ezifanayo zivele kumsebenzi wobugcisa ngexesha lokubhalwa kwe "ZAjadov" nakwincwadi yabantu basePoland yabantu basePoland kunye nePolish Pilgrim ", epapashwe ngo-1832. Umbhali wabanga ukuba iPoland yimeko yabantu abakwaziyo ukumelana nobungqina bobutsha. Izingqinisiso zenkolo kwincwadi leyo yabangela ukungamkelwa kwi-papal bulle. Ngo-1849, izifundo zapapashwa ukuba imbongi ifundwe kwikholeji de France. Wafundisa isiRussia, ePoland, uncwadi lwaseCzech naseSzebin, kwi-cunle ngembali kwaye inxulunyaniswa ngoMesiya ekungeneni ngezimvo zakhe.
Imisebenzi ka-Adam ye-mitskevich yayinempembelelo enkulu kwinkcubeko yasePoland. Kwincwadi yenkulungwane ye-19 ukuya kwengama-20, iicawa ezininzi zibonakala kwaye zibhekisa kwimisebenzi yayo. Imibhalo yombhali yaseka isiseko sophando olwenziwe kwi-charlical theatre ye-polish. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-pinema yepoli yasePoland zenziwa ngokokubhala yayiyi-Angela yefilimu yefilimu "PAN TADEUshe", watsibela ngo-2000.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Adam Mitskevich's Biography inxulumene kakhulu nemisebenzi yezopolitiko yentlalo. Ubomi bobuqu bendihlala buye ngasemva, kodwa, njengalo naliphi na ixesha lokuyila, i-miskevich yayingengomntu ozivayo kwiimvakalelo. Ukuba ngumfundi waseyunivesithi, woyika ukuthanda okokuqala. Imbongi ekhethiweyo yaba nguMaryla Doverko.
Intombazana leyo yazisa inkuthazo ye-poet kunye neemvakalelo zokuqala zokuqala, kodwa ulonwabo lwabo lwalungazalelwa ukuba luzaliseke. Utata uMaryli ucula intombi ye-County ukuya kwiTuttka Miter, kwaye umtshato wabo wenzeka ngo-1821. Ngaphandle kokulahleka, imbongi yayigcina iimvakalelo zentanda yakhe. Wayeyimyuziyam yakhe ixesha elide.
Ngo-1834, i-miskevich yafumana usapho. Inkosikazi yakhe yaba nguVelin shimanovskaya, intombi kaPianists, eyakhe imbongi eyayizibamba ngayo i-St. Abantwana bazalwa bemanyene.
Ekubeni izinto ezenzeka zentlalo zihlala zikho phakathi kwezinto eziphambili zika-Adam, akazange akhe umsebenzi, efuna ukubonelela usapho. Ukwenza imisebenzi ye-Dedegogical, i-mitskevich ayizange ilibale ngomnxeba. Ngo-1841, waphenjelelwa ngu-Angela Tovyansky, ukukhuthaza uMesiya kunye neemfundiso ezingaqondakaliyo. UAdam waqalisa ukuxelela abafundi abo banomdla kwizimvo zakhe, awathi wafumana ukususwa ekufundiseni, kwaza ngo-1851 warhoxa.
I-mickkevich ithumele amandla okusekwa komkhosi wasePosish, ukuvakalisa ukuzimela kwabantu base-Itali, kwaye kwakuphakathi kwabapapashi bephephandaba laseParis PagePage ". Kwikomkhulu laseFransi ngomhla we-1852, umbhali wafumana isikhundla sononcwadi ngexesha lomoya. Emva kweminyaka emi-3, iqabane lakhe lifile. Inkathalo yabantwana ixhalabisa utata engaphantsi kweendlela zezopolitiko. Wanikwa iingcinga malunga nokwenziwa komkhosi omtsha wePoland.
Ukufa
Ngo-1855, mitzkevich iya eConstantinople, izicwangciso zokulala zokusekwa kombutho omtsha. Injongo yayo yayilulwaziso lwesiFrentshi kunye neBritane kumlo wokulwa namaRussia kwiMfazwe yoMbumo. Imbongi yaphefumlelwa ngezicwangciso ezitsha. Endleleni wawela i-cholera, eyayisebenza njengonobangela wokufa. Umzimba ka-Adam Mitskevich wangcwatywa eParis. Ngo-1890, amasanga ahanjiswa eKrakow, apho babedubusela khona kwi-Wase Wawel.Izibakala ezinomdla ezivela kubomi bembongi, ubuchule kunye neenkqubo eziphefumlelweyo ziphefumlelwe ukuba zenze imiboniso yombhali, uphando kunye nohlalutyo lwemisebenzi. Igalelo kwintanda-bulumko kunye nenqanaba lentlalontle lelo xesha lalinqatyiwe emva kokusweleka kombhali. EWarsaw, eKrakow, Poznan kunye neParis bafaka izikhumbuzo kwimbeko yakhe. Kwithala leencwadi lasePoland eParis kukho imyuziyam yezinto zobuqu zembongi, esekwe ngunyana wakhe ngo-1903.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1817 - "Prosor, iPrince novogrdudak"
- I-1822 - 1 Tom "Imibongo",
- 1823 - 2 Tom "Imibongo",
- 1823 - "Chiya"
- I-1826 - "Zonyokothi"
- Ngo-1828 - "koorad Vallenined"
- 1832 - "INcwadi yeThanga lasePoland kunye nePoland Pilgrims"
- Ngo-1832 - "Ukufa Kolophane"
- I-1834-PAN TADISH