Biography
Umqambi obalaseleyo waseRussia uAlexander Scrolibibin we-Xix-Xints kwiinkulungwane, kwaye ukudityaniswa kwamaxesha kwaba yinto yokuhamba ngotshintsho lomculo. Ngoku uScreabin uthathwa njengentanda-bulumko yokwenene eye yaphupha malunga ne-synthes yobugcisa xa umculo, uyilo, umdaniso kunye nepeyinti yemfihlakalo "yokwenyani".Ubuntwana noLutsha
UAlexander Nikolayevich Scronibin uchithe phantse wonke ubomi bakhe eMoscow: Apha wazalwa, eyindoda, efundela umqambi.
Kwakukho abantu abaninzi basemkhosini kwintsapho ekrelekrele. UIvan waphuma uIvan uphume emadodeni, kodwa wakhonza kwizithuthi ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci kwaye wanikwa isikhundla esihle. Unyana wakhe uAlexander wenza umsebenzi wasemkhosini kwicandelo le-Artullery waza warhoxa kwibala leLiseutenant Colonel. Utata womqambi wexesha elizayo, ngokungafaniyo nabazalwana, akazange aqhubeke nesiko le-Dynatic kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba azinikele kwinkonzo yaseburhulumenteni. UNikolay Alexandrovich ufumene umsebenzi wegqwetha kwaye waba yi-raplomat ebalaseleyo.
Umama ka-Alexander, Thando Petrovna schetinin - umfazi onqabileyo kunye neempawu zengqondo. Ukongeza, wafumana ubuchule boMculo ongaqhelekanga kwaye yayingumdlali we-vieoso. Umqambi pnyotr tchaikovsky, umalusi ecaleni komntu ogcina i-proservatory, ethathela ingqalelo lelona lasimbazana inesibindi. U-Liubov Petrovna wanika iikhonsathi ezininzi, ekhuseleke kwaye kwiintsuku ezingama-5 ngaphambi kokuzalwa konyana okwenziwa.
Inkwenkwe yazalwa ngoDisemba 25, 1871 yaza yahlala kwangoko ngaphandle kokhathalelo lwabazali. Umama unesithukuthezi e-chaokhotka kwaye washiya ngo-1872 ukuya kwi-Austrian Alps kunyango. Apho wasweleka, esinda ukuya kwiminyaka engama-22. Ikhondo lomsebenzi kayise katata wacinga ukuba uhambo lwasendle lwakudala, ngoko ke uNyana wakumbona. Ukunyamekela umntwana kunye nokukhula kwakhe kubekwe kumakhulukhe noAunti Lizavenu Alexandrovna. Oko kwaqala kwangoko ukubeka uthando lomculo ngomculo kwaye waqala ukuyifunda ukudlala ipiyano.
UAlexander wabonisa ubuchule kunye nomxhasi womculo onqabileyo, ukhetha ngokulula ingoma evaliweyo ngenkanuko. Kwaye kwipiyano kwakungafanele kutsalwa. Ewe, nayo yonke into ebelele umphefumlo, uSasha wakwenza okuthandekayo kwaye ngenzondelelo, iSayensi yanikwa yena ngokulula. Ngo-1882, inkwenkwe ingene kwikharps zeCADET, ithatha indawo yokuqala phakathi kwabo bonke abafaki-zicelo. Kwiziko lomkhosi, umfundi akazange ashiye umculo.
Iphefumlelwe nguFrederick Chopin, kwiminyaka eli-11 ubudala, umfana wabhala umsebenzi wokuqala: ICanon ne-Noclorne yePiano. Emva koko waqala ukuthatha izifundo ezicwangcisiweyo kulo mdlalo kwipiyano. Ngaphandle kokugqiba isakhiwo, isikhali esineminyaka eli-16 ubudala siba ngumfundi we-Moscow. Ukuba neengxaki zokuqulunqwa, umfana oselula uphumelele kubuchule bokwenza kwaye wahlonitshwa ngembasa encinci yegolide ngo-1892.
Inyaniso enomdla: Indondo enkulu yegolide yaya kwi-lasither rakh mahninov, ongubani na isebe lomqambi ligqibile.
Phakathi kootitshala, iScrolibin yayinguSergey TaneyEv, u-Anton Arena, Vasily Sancy Safonov. Igama lomfundi lathunyelwa kwibhodi yebhodi yemabhile yeholo encinci yolondolozo lweMoscow kumaziko amakhulu emfundo.
Umculo
Ukuqala ukubhala umculo ubuye ebuntwaneni, iScroline yasebenza kwiinciniba eziziizinqeni, i-eved, intshayelelo, intetho. Sele ke babegcwele i-lyricurism kunye namava engqondo kwaye bavunyelwe ukuba babone ukubhalwa kwesandla senkosi yexesha elizayo.Ngo-1894, iKotshi yokuqala yombhali weScrotabin yabanjwa eSt. Petersburg, apho yenza imisebenzi emincinci eyenziweyo, ekwazile ukubhala ukuya kwiminyaka engama-22. Inkcazo-ntetho yayihamba nempumelelo, kwaye uAlexander Nikolaevich waya kukhenketho lwaseYurophu, apho alumkiswe njengemvumi yentsusa nentanda-bulumko. Abavavanyi babhala ngaye:
"Ungumntu wonke - nerve kunye nedangatye elingcwele."Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1890, iScrolibin ithathwa ngokufundisa, ubukhulu becala ukwenzela ukubonelela ngosapho olukhulayo. Kwakule minyaka inye icela ukuba kuvuzwe ngokomoya njengomculi. Umqambi ujonge kumculo njengesixhobo sokuhambisa inkqubo engaguqukiyo nengqinayo yeWorld World.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1900, umbhali uthathwa ukuba abhale i-symphony yesibini, kwaye apha iikomni zohlobo, ezibangela uphononongo oluhle kakhulu lwabagxeki, abala ukubona umculo ngokubhala. Ngo-1905, i-Premiere yeSymphony yesithathu yenzeka, ibizwa ngokuba "yingowuni".
Apha umbhali ubonakalisa njengomdlalo wokudlala, ukuzama ukufaka indaleko yomoya womntu kumsebenzi womculo. Inkulumbuso yenze isiphumo esisezingenisi ngokubetha uluntu ngenkululeko kunye nokuzibophelela, kunye nokungaqondi kungenjalo njengomnyango wexesha elitsha lomculo.
Ubuqaqawuli nolwamkelo lwehlabathi lufika kumqambi, kwaye uyabamangalisa ukuba abhale umsebenzi wobomi bakhe bonke - "I-MyStia", eya kuthi idibanise ubugcisa bazo zonke iintlobo. I-Master sele ihambile ingcinga enesandi esikhanyayo emgqogqe eyamvumela ukuba ibone ubume besandi ngombala.
Isicwangciso sehlabathi sandulelwa ngokubhala iifom ezinkulu zomculo zepiyano, iokhestra kunye nelungu lelungu. Ngo-1907 wabhalwa "umbongo" we-Ecstasty "(Ekuqaleni i-sympleny yesine), eyamkelwe njengomsebenzi oqaqambileyo wombhali. Emva kwayo, kukho "i-prometheus" ("umbongo womlilo") (1911).
Kwi "promelea", iqela elahlukileyo linikiwe ekukhanyeni (i-luce). Kwaye nangona i-premeere idlulile ngaphandle kokunqongophala kwezixhobo ezizodwa, kwacingelwa ukuba umculo ufanele uhambe notshintsho lwamaza oombala afakwe kumanqaku. I-SCRIAB isuka ekutolikeni kwentsomi yamandulo kunye ne-Ivests emlindweni yombongo ingqubana nobuntu obahlukileyo kwindalo yonke.
Kuyimpawu yokuba umqambi akawuboni umsebenzi wakhe wokuyila kwindalo yakhe, kodwa ekudaleni ilizwe elahlukileyo, apho kuya kuzalelwa khona imimoya nendalo.
Ubomi Buqu
Kubomi bobuqu baseSCRIAPHEn babengama-3 amabhinqa. Umfundi wokuqala onguMfundi kunye nenkanuko enkulu yaba nguNatalia Sterina. Kwiminyaka eliqela, abantu abaselula baxhasa imbalelwano eshushu, kunye nomqambi wexesha elizayo wawuthembela amantombazana am ombona. Nangona kunjalo, abazali bafumana umfana ongenamntu ongaqhelekanga kwitheko elingafanelekanga ukuba intombi yakhe, kwaye le nqaku ayibekwa kuqhubeka.
Ngeqabane lokuqala le-vera ivanovna isakhender alexander nikolayevich ixhume umsebenzi oQhagamshelo: Umfazi wayengumphumo. Esi sibini side sanika ikonsathi edibeneyo eParis ngo-1898, apho kuvakala imibhalo ye-SCRIAP. Kungekudala ngaphambi kwesi siganeko, baba yindoda nomfazi. Intsapho yayihlala eMoscow, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1904 - eYurophu. Abane abane bazalwa ngamaqabane: iRimma (1898), uElena, uMaria nengonyama (ngo-1902). Omncinci nomdala wayehlala ukuya kwi-7 iminyaka kwaye washiya ixesha, eshiya inxeba labazali bakhe ezintliziyweni.
Ngo-1905, kumngcwabo weRimma eSwitzerland, amaqabane abona okokugqibela. Ngeli xesha, umqambi wafudukela e-Itali kwaye wayehlala apho nomnye umfazi - uTatiane Schelezer. Oko ukusuka kubudala yayikukufundiswa kweCsriabinsky kwaye iminyaka eliqela bendifuna amathuba okuqhelana nesithixo. Umnqweno wezalisekile ngo-1902, kwaye kwintlanganiso yomqambi wongeza ukonwaba kwentombazana encinci kunye nobunzulu ababekuqonda umculo wakhe. Kubonakala ngathi uTatiana ngokucacileyo ubona ukuphakama kwendawo aya kuyo, eyiphi iVera Ivanovna ayibonisi.
USchlezer wathabatha izifundo eScronbin kwaye wabonisa yonke into awayeyilinda, eyahlulahlula izimvo zangaphandle kwindima yobugcisa emhlabeni. Kwiminyaka emi-3, esi sibini sazama ukufihla inoveli, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, inoqhwithela kwaye yabangela isaqhwithi esigwebo phakathi kwabahlobo kunye nabantu abaziyo. Ukholo uIvanovna aluzange lunike umyeni uqhawulo-mtshato, kwaye uTatiana wayehlala elungiselela ukubambana.
Xa unyana wasweleka eMoscow ngo-1910, umqambi wayengakwazi ukuya emngcwabeni ngenxa yentiyo engasebenziyo kunye ne-Istavich yosapho. Ngeli xesha, uTatyana Scylezer wayesele ebele i-Ariadna ethandekayo uAriadna (Okrethobha ka-1905) kunye nonyana uJuliana (1908).
NgoJanuwari 1911, intombi kaMarina yavela kusapho. Unyana omncinci kaScrotabin naye wasweleka esemncinci, ekutshabalale iminyaka eli-11 kwaye ahambe emva kwemibhalo emininzi yomculo. Intombi ekhulileyo evela kumtshato waseburhulumenteni wasweleka e-Fascist Itali ngo-1944, ukuba athathe inxaxheba ekuxhathisweni kweFrensi.
Intsapho yafudukela eMoscow kwaye ihlala ihleli kwiimeko ezixineneyo, eyongezwe kwimvelaphi ngokubanzi yokugxeka le manyano. Kwanazo izihlobo zikaTatiana zajika zomfazi, zingafuni ukuba nazo izinto kunye naye kwaye zixongo umfazi wokuqala. Emva kokusweleka komyeni wakhe, i-schelezer yaphumelela ukuba abantwana bavunyelwe ukuba banxibe igama likaYise. Yena ngokwakhe wanqanda eli lungelo.
Ukufa
I-biography yomqambi iphela ngokufa ngesiquphe. Wayeyindoda enomdlayo eneminyaka engama-43 ubudala, xa ngasekupheleni kuka-1915 wayenenaliti ebuhlungu ebusweni bakhe. Ukungakhathali kukhokelele ekwenzeni inkqubo yenkqubo yokuvuvukala, ehamba iye kwi-sepsis. Ukusebenza ukuze kususwe ugxininiso losulelo aluzange luzise iziphumo. Itotali ye-PRPTOCCCACCAL yegazi yaba ngunobangela wokufa ophuma ngoAprili 14, 1915.
Ukufa kwandulelwa kukuntywila ngeveki. Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba le ndoda isayine umyolelo kunye nesibongozo kwigama lomlawuli, ukuze lavunyelwa ukuba lithathe abantwana. Ukufa kuthabathe umhlolokazi waseburhulumenteni womqambi, kwaye uVera Ivanovna wacela ukuqaphela kwabantwana be-schlezer esemthethweni.
Umngcwabo wenzeka nge-29 ka-Epreli kwaye wahamba nezihlwele ezazithetha kakuhle. Ingcwaba lomqambi ikwindawo yeNovodevichy eMoscow Khamovniki. Indlu kwindawo enkulu ye-wikopelovkovsky lane, apho iScrolibin yayihlala kwiminyaka yeSikhumbuzo seSikhumbuzo seSikhumbuzo, apho izinto zenyani zigcinwa khona, iincwadi zeManyano zeMatra.
Imisebenzi yomculo
- 1888-1890 - 10 Mazurok
- I-1893 - Sonata №1
- Ngo-1896-1897 - ikhonsane yepiyano nge-orchestra
- 1898 - "amaphupha"
- Ngo-1899-1900 - i-symphony yokuqala
- I-1901-yesibini ye-symphony yesibini
- Ngo-1902-1904 - I-symphony yesithathu (umbongo wamazwe)
- Ngo-1903 - "Umbongo ombi kakhulu"
- Ngo-1904-1907 - "Ingqekembe ye-Ecstasy"
- I-1905- "I-POEM TOMY"
- Ngo-1909-1910 - "promeleto" (umbongo womlilo)