Imbali yomlinganiswa
I-Bertolt Brecht ngumdlali obalaseleyo wenkulungwane yama-20. Ubhale imisebenzi ezimeleyo, eyathi kamva ifumene i-scodiment kwindawo yeqonga. Ukuziqhelanisa ne-themist, iBrecht yaphuhlisa umbono, embindini wethiyetha ye-Epic. Ngokwendlela yokudlala, ithiyetha kufuneka isasaze, kwaye ayiboni kumbono, ubongoze ingqondo, hayi kwiimvakalelo zabantu. Esi sithembiso sasibonakaliswa kwimidlalo eyaba yi-Dramac yeDramarigy: "Indoda elungileyo eSeusashana," Pusila nomkhonzi wayo "wasindisa inkosikazi endala."
Umlawuli weBrechtu yeyombono "uphononongo lotshintshiselwano", ebandakanya ukudalwa kodonga phakathi kombukeli kunye nomlingisi, nto leyo ngexesha lesenzo esihle. Umbhali wethiyori ecetyelwe ukuba aveze iintlobo zoluntu ezingalindelekanga kwaye uchaze imicimbi engalindelekanga, ukuvuselelwa komsebenzi wengqondo, ukubonakala kwesikhundla kunye nokukwazi ukuhlalutywa kwengqondo. Ukwahlula obu bumchaphaza ocacileyo, ukuvela kukambonisi, ngokwe-classics, yeyona njongo iphambili yokubonisa intsebenzo. Incwadi ethi "Ithiyori yethiyetha ye-Epic" ichaza izimvo zikaBrecht koku.
Imbali yendalo
Umdlalo "Mamamash Mamash kunye nabantwana bakhe" wabhalwa nguBrecht ngo-1939, kumbundu weMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. I-Premiere yomdlalo yenzeka ngo-1941 eZurich. Emva koko ingxelo yaye yacwangciswa ngumbhali wesiseko sokufunda kwinqanaba "ngeBerliner ye-Egryble" eyenziwe nguye. Imigaqo yethiyetha ye-Epic, ivakaliswa njengenye indlela yabaseklasikini, yayenziwa emva kokusebenza. I-Reformer kunye noguquko, iBrecht iqonde i-ARTRICAL yobugcisa njengendlela yokusekwa kweklasi yeklasi.
Umdlalo "Mamash Sibindi" uchaze iziganeko zexesha lemfazwe yeminyaka engamashumi amathathu, eya kwenzeka ngenkulungwane ye-17. Umdlalo wokudlala wasebenzisa iminyhadala edumileyo ukwenza iyelenqe lokulumkisa umbukeli ophindaphindeka kubudlelo obunegazi. Ukujonga oko kuthula nokunyaniseka malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo wamandla lale mihla yindawo "encinci" yomntu ", uBrecht ukhuthaze isikhundla sokugcina izilwanyana, sicela ukulibala ngokungakhathali ukumisa iintlekele zentlalo.
Owona msebenzi uphambili womdlalo ngumfazi ogama linguAnna right. I-Mattatyata yayiyinkanuko yamama mama yaya isibindi kwaye yahamba ngendlela eyasemkhosini kwivenki, ezele ziimpahla ezibalulekileyo. Inkampani yenziwa ngabantwana: oonyana ababini kunye nentombi enkulu. UBrecht wazisa umfanekiso webhinqa kwiqhosha elingalindelekanga. UAnna wenza umntu osisityebi ozama ukuzuza ngexesha lemfazwe. Kuyo, ukubandezeleka kwabantu, indlala nentlupheko ibingabalulekanga. Yonke into awayeyikhathalele lithuba lokungqina.
Iplagi yomdlalo ichaphazela iminyaka eli-12, apho ubomi bomlinganiswa ophambili atshintshiwe. Imfazwe yabathabatha abantwana, wawa, watshintsha ngaphandle, kodwa akazange alahlekelwe yinkuthalo. Uyayizukisa imfazwe ngokumnika iqhekeza lesonka, isibindi seMilf ngaphandle koncedo liqengqeleka iveni yakhe enempahla.
I-Brecht ithathele ingqalelo kufundisiso olucokisekileyo lomfanekiso we-heroine ophambili. Imifanekiso eyaneleyo yabasetyhini inyikima kakhulu kwaye uvuyo lobomi aluhambelani nethambo lentengiso, ngakumbi inkangeleko yexesha lemfazwe. Owona mlinganiswa uphambili waxoxwa ngabagxeki kunye nababhali-mbali bezobugcisa njengento entsha kuncwadi lwaseJamani kunye neDrama. Ngalo mlinganiswa, uBrecht wayefuna ukudlulisela kubaphulaphuli umbono wokuqonda, ukushiya ikamva leqhawe ezandleni zakhe.
Abagxeki bahlazelelwa ngumdlalo wokudlala ngokudala umfanekiso oqaqambileyo owakhelwe kwi-cussifs yethemba. Ukuzama ukusinda kwiindleko zemfazwe, uMama Kuraz uzisa umbingelelo wakhe wabantwana.
"Inkalipho kaManash nabantwana bayo" - umsebenzi oye waba ngumzekelo wedramarics yanamhlanje. Rhoqo ifakwe ngabalawuli okhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo yohlaselo, abangoyiki ukucela umngeni kwiikomitha zikarhulumente nezemidlalo. Owona mkhwa udumileyo wendima yabasetyhini ephambili kwi-Eleation yayinguElen, umfazi kaBertolt Brecht. Umdlalo wawusenziwa kwi-Russia ngexesha lemfazwe lasemva kwemfazwe kwaye uhlala uvele kwi-theatrical Prevmoire kumaxesha eSoviet.
Okwesihlandlo sokuqala eMoscow, uNikolai Oghlopkov, owayesebenza kwithenda ye-moscow ebizwa emva kokuba uMaykovsky wagqiba kwelokuba enze umsebenzi weBrecht. Ngo-1960, i-Premiere yomdlalo yenzekile, eyona ndima iphambili apho kwenziwa khona uJustith. Intsebenzo ibizwa ngokuba yi-coarse kunye ne-fussey, eyathi yenziwa ngemibongo yemisebenzi ye-Gamer Playfright.
Uninzi lwemidlalo kumdlalo ibingazaliswa ngumoya owenziwe ngumbhali. BabeneSityhilelo esincinci, tsalela umnxeba kwaye bagxekwa. Umsebenzi wawungumsebenzi kaMar sakharov kwi-Moscow yethiyetha ye-Satira, apho i-Tatiana Petzer yathetha kumfanekiso waseMamana.
Abalawuli banamhlanje babuyela emsebenzini kaBrecht. Phakathi kwabavelisi abadumileyo ababesebenza kwimpahla yokudlala, eyaba ngumzekelo ocacileyo weqonga lase-Epic: Alexander Morphov, uYuusov kunye ne-valery fokin.
Iyelenqe
Inyathelo lomsebenzi lisenzeka kwimfazwe engamashumi amathathu anamnyewaka, ngexesha eliveliswayo yiJamani elinexesha elide lokumphilisa, lakhokelela kwintlekele yesizwe. Ngo-1642, umkhosi waqokelelwa, owathunyelwa ngokuhlaselwa ePoland. Abaqeshwa abo umbhali bangenisa ukuba umbhali amele abaphulaphuli abalinganiswa abaphambili. Umama unesibindi, kunye nabantwana, bhadula ezindleleni, ukuthengisa i-SKRB elula. Omnye wabahlobo abaziyo ukhule unyana ukuba ajoyine umkhosi, kwaye umntu ogama linguEilif ushiya iveni yeMarktatottia.
Ukudibana nomntu onosapho kuyenzeka kwiminyaka emibini kamva. Unyana uMamashi unesibindi kwaye unekratshi ngemikhwa emkhosini, eyayihamba kunye negazi kunye nobukrakra. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, unyana wesibini kaMamashi uba nguNondyebo we-Finnish, kwaye wafumana umsebenzi olungileyo naye. Kwenye yohlaselo lwamaKatolika, oluza emhlabeni, apho kwakumi khona imagazini, uLuthere uya kuba kwiveni yakhe, ekhusela indyebo yolondolozo luphuma kutshaba.
Unyana wakhe wesibini we-SCHEARDESKAs uthatha amaKatolika amathinjwa. Ukugcina umntwana, isibindi sikulungele ukuncama i-Regider, kodwa ngokusulela ngokungakhathali: Ijoni laliphosa emlanjeni, xa wabona ukusukela ukuqalisa. Isidumbu saseSwitzerland sibulawa, kwaye isibindi siphinda sathunyelwa emacaleni eYurophu. Emva kweminyaka embalwa, uKumkani waseSweden wabulawa phantsi kweLuthetzen, kwaye kangangexesha elithile kuthwele i-truce yalawula. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba izinto zaya kuhla kwenkalipho, inkalipho iyavuya ukuba ingaphulukani nabanye abantwana.
Ilizwe lizisa inkathazo yoSapho ngaphandle kwemfazwe. Ukuziphatha gwenxa konyana ka-Elifa ngeentsuku ezilungileyo kwakuthathwa njengolwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye iimbonakalo zakutshanje zakhokelela ekudubeni. Imfazwe iqala kwakhona. Ukuba nesibindi, ukungazi ekufeni konyana wesibini, uqhubeka nohambo lwe-vening fun.
Emva kweminyaka eli-16, imfazwe ihlile yonke imali kunye nabasebenzi. Isibindi kunye nokupheka, i-satellite yakhe, ihobe. Ngequbuliso uninazala wenkalipho ye-mamanashi bafika ileta kangangokuba wayenelifa elincinci ngendlela yevenkile yokutyela. Iqhayiya libiza umfazi, kodwa ke, uya kushiya intombi. Isibindi siyanda kunye nentombi yakhe uKatrin uhamba eJamani kwinqwelo yomkhosi. Kwenye yeendawo zokuma kwe-catherine, ekuhlaleni icebo leentshaba, kuvuza ngenyameko ukubhomboloza, kwaye kubulawa. Isibindi mama siqalise kwakhona endleleni.