Biography
I-Tafffi ngumbhali owayesebenza kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi. Imisebenzi yayo yayifundwe kunye nokumkani wokugqibela waseRoma, kunye nenkokeli ye-protaliat yehlabathi. Abafundi bale mihla bafunda bona kunye nabahlobo kwimpahla yokuthenga kwaye babandezeleka kuthando lwabakhulu. I-biography yombhali, ulwimi kunye namagorha angekhoyo iminyaka eli-100, igcwele iimfihlakalo kunye neemfihlakalo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Nadezhda Lohwitskaya (igama lokwenyani kunye nefani yeyona nto iphumelele "i-Satirist kwi-Skirt") yazalelwa kwi-1872. Owona mhla wokuzalwa uyaphikisana, nokuba bangaphi abantwana kusapho. Kwabhalwa ukuba uNadi wayenomncinci omnye (iLena) kunye nabathathu abaphezulu (VARADA, i-LARA) noodade boodade (Korea).
Utata wombhali wexesha elizayo wayeyingcali kuMthetho-siseko kwaye edibene ngempumelelo nendima yegqwetha, iNjistnqa, i-I.isi sikhundla seminyaka eli-120 ye-anatoly sobchak okanye i-mikhail bushchevsky. Umama wayeneengcambu zaseFrance. Xa uNadah wafumana iminyaka eli-12 ubudala, utata wosapho wasweleka.
I-Nadin Popmed I-comrad (Kondratii) U-Lohvitsky wabhala imibongo engaziwayo, kwaye iLegend yosapho ixelele ngesipho semilingo, kwaye idluliselwa kuphela yilayini yendoda, kwaye uya kuyihlawula ngolonwabo. Intombazana evela kubudala bathanda iincwadi kwaye yazama ukutshintsha isiphelo sabalinganiswa: ebutsheni bakhe, uNadia waya kwingonyama uTolstoy wacela ukuba abuhlukele ubomi buka-Andrei Bolkonsky. Imibongo yokuqala yazalwa ngethemba le-lohwitsky ngexesha loqeqesho kwi-Gymnasium.
Intombazana yayingemhle kwaye itshatile umceli mngeni wokuqala. Umtshato neVladimir Buchinsky wazisa ithemba leentombi ezimbini - uLeru noLena nonyana "waza waza waba nguNalaskova. Ukugcina ukuya kwiminyaka engama-28 ubudala, uLohvitskaya washiya umyeni wakhe. UBhuchinsky wafumana iNadia ukuba inxibelelane nabantwana.
Iincwadi
I-Lochwitskaya isahlulwe ngee-sippers, ngokungafaniyo noAnna Karena, khange ungxame phantsi koololiwe, kwaye wabuyela kwiphupha lobutsha kwimagazini "ndiphuphe" iphupha elimangalisayo. " Ngexesha lokupapashwa, umsebenzi wodade wombhali onoNovice, uMaria, wayesele eyindoda eyaziwayo eyayisebenza ePseuduundum Grira Lohvitskaya. Ithemba lokucinga ngegama loncwadi lwantlandlolo.Imvelaphi ye-Pseundeym Tafffi Lohvitskaya -ulet ichaze ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Inguqulelo yokuqala - uNidezhda ukhumbule osisidenge ngokungaqhelekanga, kodwa omaziyo onethamsanqa, ogama libizwa ngokuba yi-hagodi, kunye nelensoction, weza negama elaziwa ngalo. Inguqulelo yesibini-i-puduudonym ibolekwe yiLochwitz kwibali lokukhalimela kwintombazana edlalayo, efanelwe yintombazana yokutshiza.
I-JOG yazo zozibini iinguqulelo ezihambelana ne-AMPUA, eyayinethemba lokuthandwa: Umbhali, owayekwazi ukubhala imibongo, aqalise ukudlala amabali amafutshane apho i-satire kwaye i-lyrism yadityaniswa.
Ukuba ama-mirra lohvitskaya abe nguMbhalo weNdawo yaBasetyhini Akhmatova kunye neTsvetaeva, emva koko isitayile esitsha se-Anton Chenkov. Ubukrakra ithemba:
"Imibongo luthando lwam, kunye nentsomi yengqondo - i-corminalitsa."Ukumkani weRussia Humarchedy Averchenko exabisa umsebenzi wembambano kunye ne-fafti eprintiweyo kunye neJesters Taffi kwindlu yakhe yokupapasha "Satiikon". Imincili yombhali yapapashwa "igama laseRussia" kunye "nentetho". Igama "I-TAFFFI" yayigqibelele kwaye icocekile iipipi.
I-themimisis yethemba Teffi idibanisa ukuthambeka kwabacuphi kunye nabatyali. Kumabali "olwaphulo-mthetho" kunye "nobomi nekhola", amagorha alungiselela ukuthanda izinto. Kodwa ukuba kwisela lesela elineminyaka emihlanu elineminyaka emihlanu elineminyaka emihlanu lizidumisa kwaye liwela ngokuqinileyo kwindlela yokulungiswa, emva koko kwi "Squasion Collaion" iqala ukujija kwenekazi eliselula elinesidima.
Kwimisebenzi yothando 'oluBonwabisayo "," umfazi wedemon "kunye" namagorha "katenko" amagorha ahlutha abanye kwaye ekugqibeleni. Kwibali "Ukonwaba", ukungcola kuhlukile ngokupheleleyo kunakwiiHumagues ezidwelisweyo, ngoku kuhle iinyembezi, umzila weza eKhhokin, umsebenzi usoyikisa i-protory egcinwe ngengozi ye-kerensky.
U-Lohvitsky akazange ayamkele utshintsho luka-Okthobha. Umninawa wam uNicholas waba liqabane likaKolchak, naseNedezhda Alexandrovna nge-Odessa kwaye eConstantino wafudukela kwiParis. Ubomi kwilizwe lasemzini alimnandi, kodwa isipho sokubona kwangaphambili kunye nokuthatha isigqibo sikaTeffi kwakusenokwenzeka ukuba sasindiswa ngumbhali ekufeni eBolshevik emngxunyeni weBolshevik.
Ubomi Buqu
Umbhali wafuna ukuhlala eyimfihlakalo kwaye wanqongophala ukufikelela kwiintatheli kubomi bakho, kwaye waphendula imibuzo malunga neminyaka eli-13 ubudala. Kuyaziwa ukuba le ntokazi yayinomdla kwimfihlakalo kwaye ithandeka iikati kakhulu, ngakumbi isilwanyana sokugqibela esiphethwe kukutyeba kakhulu. Kwiminyaka evuthiweyo, uTeffi wazama ukumisela unxibelelwano nabantwana abakhulileyo, kodwa kuphela i-valeriya kuphela eya kunxibelelana nabantakwethathu.
Abafundi abaye basebenza ukuze baqhelane nokumkanikazi baseRussia, xa wayenxibelelana noTefri edanile - i-idol yayinomlinganiswa we-melancholic nobuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, kunye ne-Peru, umbhali wayelungile kwaye enesisa. Yenziwe nguTeffi kwikomkhulu laseFransi, isalon yencwadi yaba liziko lokutsala abafuduki baseRussia, abalawuli bakhe babeyi-dong-i-alexdei tolstoy.
Ukudibana nenenekazi eliye lazi ixabiso kwaye lasasazeka kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ilawulwe kwiqabane lesibini - unyana we-kalika langaphambili kaKaliga alexandrovich tikston. UNidezhda Aleksandrovna wacinga ukuba umyeni wesibini oyena mntu ubalaseleyo emhlabeni, kwaye esi sifo sijonga ngakuye, sichukumisa iqabane lakhe. Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi, umbhali wokunyamekela ukhuseleko lwezinto eziphathekayo wazithathela iphilanthropes s. Atran.
Ukufa
Amarhe malunga nokufa kukaTeffi, osindileyo ekusebenzeni kaFefti, i-Itayili kwakudala ngaphambi kokukhathalela ithemba uAlexandrovna ophuma ebomini. Kwiminyaka engama-40 yenkulungwane yama-20, uMikhail Zetlin wapapasha inkumbulo ye-bitoriary yombhali. Kodwa uDeffi wasweleka kuphela ngo-1952, enexesha lokwenza isincoko kwisincoko esimalunga namabali afumileyo kunye nomjikelo wamabali izilwanyana.
Unobangela wokufa yayikukuhlaselwa kweAngina. Ingcwaba le-TAFFFI likwindawo yaseParis ye-Saint Genegeve.
I-Bibliography
- 1910 - "Izibane ezisixhenxe"
- Ngo-1912 - "kwaye njalo"
- Ngo-1913 - "isibhozo sami"
- Ngo-1914 - "Umsi ngaphandle komlilo"
- Ngo-1920 - "Bahlala"
- Ngo-1921 - "Ubuncwane BoMhlaba ''
- Ngo-1923 - "Shamran. Amaculo eMpuma "
- Ngo-1926 - "endaweni yezopolitiko"
- Ngo-1931 - "I-Adventure Roman"
- Ngo-1931 - "Iinkumbulo"
- Ngo-1936 - "igqwirha"
- Ngo-1938 - "ngesisa"
- Ngo-1946 - "Konke malunga nothando"
- Ngo-1952 - "umhlaba wemvula"