Biography
Lala ibhaso likaNobel yehlabathi lika-2002, owayesakuba nguMongameli waseAmerican Jimmy kwithuba elifutshane ladlula indlela eya kubasebenzi, iShishini kunye neSenator ukuya kumnini we-White ogcweleyo. Umlawuli, owashiya imfazwe ebandayo evela e-USSR kunye neMidlalo ye-Olimpiki ye-Olimpiki ye-1980, wafumana uvavanyo oluqinisekileyo lokuphatha kwezopolitiko kwaye ngoku lelona nkokeli yezopolitiko ehlala ixesha elide kwimbali yaseMelika.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-biegraphy ye-biagraphy yeDamelala yeCarla Carter - oMncinci waqala ngo-Okthobha 1, 1924 kwidolophu encinci yendawo, ekwi-Georgia. Kwindlela yexesha elizayo, babekho abantu abadumileyo njengoRichard Nixon, amasango eDolophu, uMsunguli weDolophu yaseCornell Cornell kunye nenye yezilwanyana zokuqala zesiNgesi, abanini bamashishini.
Utata weDemocral encinci wayebandakanyeka kutyalo mali kwezolimo, enesitolo ngevenkile kwaye wakhokelela ngempumelelo ukulungiswa komhlaba kunye nokulinywa kwamandongomane. Umama wasebenza njengomongikazi kwisibhedlele sendawo, oneminyaka eminyaka kamva wafumana imeko yeziko lononophelogushelo eligama linguLillin J. Carter.
Ukongeza kuJames, usapho lomkhweli lwalufuna abantwana abathathu abaye bajikeleza ilizwe baza bahlala kuluntu lwase-Afrika lwaseMelika lweSithili soLawulo lweWebster. Inkwenkwe yaba ngabahlobo abamelwane abamnyama kwaye baqhuba ubuntwana, ukukhulisa i-Peanuts yakhe ye-1 acre.
Emncinci, uJimmy wafunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo nakwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ngaphandle kweeparamitha ze-175 cm, ubunzima be-73 cm, ubunzima kwiqela lolutsha kwi-basketball. Ukuphupha ukuze ube ngumphulaphuli we-Naval Academy yase-Anapolis, ngo-1941, umkhwetha oselula waqalisa ukufunda ubunjineli kwenye yeekholeji zaseGeorgia, emva koko uqhubeke nemfundo kwiZiko leTekhnoloji yeAtlanta.
Ngo-1943, lo mntu wayifumana eyakhe kwaye wadlula uqeqesho lweminyaka emi-3 kwiZiko leMfundo ngokusekwe kwi-American Navy. Ukubonisa isiphumo se-60 se-Elecmmic semfundo, uJimmy wafumana i-bachelor yenqanaba lesayensi kunye nesihloko seMikmana le-michmaa ye-US davy.
Kwiminyaka emi-2, igosa eliselula lasebenza kwiilwandlekazi ezizolileyo ne-Atlantiki, emva koko zafudukela kwii-Shumaritane ze-USS POGRICT kunye nenqanaba le-hertorinent yathatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwenyukliya.
Ngo-1952, i-carter njengengcali kumanyaniselwano abasaqalayo bathunyelwa eWashington, apho wathabatha inxaxheba kwimodeli ye-Canada yeCanada ye-NREAD kwaye emamele izifundo zamandla enyukliya. Emva kokubhubha kukaBawo phakathi kowe-1953, uJimmy wayishiya le nkonzo waza wabuyela eGeorgia ukuqhubeka nokwandisa ishishini lezolimo.
Ezopolitiko
Umsebenzi wezopolitiko kaCarter waqala ngo-1960s eGeorgia. Ukuba lilungu lendawo eluntwini, umnini weshishini le-peanut rised kwi-Senate kwaye emva kokuvezwa kweDemocrats Praud uphumelele unyulo lwe-1962.Ngenxa yokuthintela ekusombululeni imicimbi yempikiswano, uJimmy waba ngummiselo wowiso-mthetho oKhutheleyo kwaye waphakamisa unxibelelwano kwindawo yedemokhrasi. Wayengusihlalo weKhomishini yoPhuculo lweLizwe kwaye wabandakanyeka ekuhanjisweni kwenkxaso-mali yeeprojekthi zentlalo noluntu kwaye ngenxa yenkqubo yokwandiswa kweekholeji, waqala wangena kwimbambano yabameli beRiphabhlikhi.
Emva kwexesha, iCarter yayikhokelwa yiKomiti yeMfundo kwaye, ekufumaneni ulwabiwo olubalulekileyo lwamaziko emfundo, ebingenela inkxaso yabanyuli kwaye babeke phambili eyakhe umgqatswa kwisithuba seRoorce.
Inzame yokuqala yayingathwelwanga ngempumelelo, kwaye uJimmy wabuyela kwezolimo kwaye waqala ukulungiselela iphulo le-1970. Ukuguqukela kwiimfundiso zobuvangeli, owayesele enguSenator waba ngumthunywa wevangeli ononqulo kwaye wafunda ukuthetha ukuba elinye okanye elinye iqela labavoti babefuna ukuliva.
Isiphumo sokuziphatha okunjalo yayiluloyiso kubameli beRiphabhlikhi, emva koko uJimmy wathetha ngokuchasene nepolitiki yobuhlanga kwaye waphumelela iintliziyo zabantu abamnyama baseGeorgia.
Kwiofisi yeRhuluneli, umkhweli wenza umkhuseli wamalungelo oluntu kwaye wanika abantu baseMelika baseMelika ngokusebenza kumasebe kaRhulumente kunye namaziko entlalontle. Emva koko waqhuba utshintsho olwabiwo lwamaziko emfundo kwaye wazama ukusasaza uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali phakathi kwezikolo zabahlali abazizityebi nabangamaxhoba.
Ngo-1972, intloko yeGeorgia yenza iintetho ezininzi zikawonke-wonke, yaba ngumthunywa weSizwe yeSizwe yeDemocrati kwaye wazama ukuthathela ingqalelo indawo yamalungu olondolozo kuluntu lwaseMelika ngeliso lokuthatha inxaxheba kunyulo lukaMongameli.
Igosa elityunjiweyo lomlinganiso kaCarter lalibanjelwe kwiklabhu yeWashington Prebhu ngeklabhu kaDisemba 12, 1974. Kwaye nangona uninzi lwabalingane babethandabuza malunga namathuba eRhuluneli yangaphambili, uJimmy waphumelela i-Hammphire Primary kwaye wafumana inkxaso epheleleyo yeqela leqela leqela leqela.
Kwiinyanga ezili-9 zohlanga lwangaphambi konyulo, umkhweli wawungaphezulu kwendawo yokuphuma kwaye wafumana i-Erite icandelo eliqaqambileyo lamajelo eendaba zaseMelika. Abemi base-US bayakholelwa ekubeni i-Arhente yokhuseleko lwabathengi i-Feder, iSebe leMfundo elahlukileyo kwaye lisayine isivumelwano seNyukliya-isixhobo seNyukliya. Ngenxa yoko, umphathi waphumelela unyulo kunyulo no-29 kaMongameli waseUnited States.
Ukuqala uxanduva lweNtloko yeNtloko, uJimmy wazama ukuhlengahlengisa imigaqo-nkqubo yangaphakathi ye-United States kunye nokunciphisa intswela-ngqesho nokunciphisa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Nangona kunjalo, le minqweno yayingazange ifumane impumelelo, kwaye ilizwe labetha imbakisi yamandla, ilandelwa kukuhamba kancinci kokukhula koqoqosho kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso e-oyile.
Uxolelo olungenamiqathango kubantu abanohlengahlengiswa kwe-vietnam, engokwemfundo kunye nenkxaso kubameli bezesondo kwaye bazabalaza esidlangalaleni beBhodi yeBhodi yeCarter.
Kumgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle, uMongameli wama-39 wenza uphuculo kubudlelwane be-Canada kwaye wabuthathaka kwimfazwe ebandayo kunye neSoviet Union. Isivumelwano malunga nokuthintelwa kweengalo zeqhinga, ngo-1979, i-carter yazisa isivumelwano se-ASR-2 ngenkqutyana edumileyo ngeNkokeli ye-USSR Leonid Brazhnev.
Nangona kunjalo, "ubuhlobo" phakathi kweenkokheli zamagunya zenyukliya zehlabathi zaqhubeka iinyanga nje ezimbalwa kwaye uHoviet Union wazisa imikhosi yeAfghanistan. Ngenxa yoko, isivumelwano esisayiniweyo sasingafunyanwa yiCongress, kunye ne-American Amestie i-vallets i-roscot ye-moscow ye-MOSCOW yowe-1980.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyElinye inyathelo lomgaqo-nkqubo welinye ilizwe lomkhali yayingumlo wokulamla kwi-Arabhu yeArabhu - I-Israeli, ngenxa yokuba amaqela arhanelayo agqibe kwesonkazana kwi-Truce kwaye equlethe imigaqo-nkqubo eMbindi Mpuma.
Kuyinyani, le mpumelelo yayiyithontsi kulwandle lwentsilelo yamazwe aphesheya neyasekhaya loMongameli waseMelika. Iziphumo zolawulo lwakhe olubonakaliswa ngokucacileyo ukubhengezwa komzamo ongaphumelelanga kwaye imeko kunye nomvundla, apho intloko yendlu emhlophe yazabalazela ukusilwa isikhephe esisesikhepheni sakhe.
Ngenxa yoko, iphulo lokunyulwa kwakhona kwegama lesibini alizange lizise ividiyo yoloyiso olufunwayo, kwaye waphulukana nesitulo sakhe kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseRonard Reagan. Kumfanekiso wenkokeli ye-United States, imeko eyavela kunye ne-Iran American kunye nokusetyenziswa okuninzi kokuhlangula, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Orlin Claw", yayinemifanekiso eyiyo.
Imisebenzi yokuHlala:
Emva koloyiso kunyulo lukaMongameli, iCarter Babuyela eGeorgia kwaye ukusukela ngo-1981 kwaqalisa ukuzibandakanya kakhulu kuluntu. Ekunye nenkosikazi, inkokeli yangaphambili yase-Internetite yamiswa ngumbutho ongajonganga nzuzo, injongo eyayinokuphucula ubomi babantu kumazwe angaphezu kwama-80 ehlabathi.
Ukusebenzisana ngeyunivesithi yabucala yeYunivesithi, uJimmy uthatha inxaxheba ekusombululeni inani leempikiswano zehlabathi kwaye kukhuthaza iindlela zedemokhrasi ezijolise ekuqiniseni imeko yoqoqosho kunye nemeko yezoqoqosho kwiplanethi.
Imizamo kaCarter ngo-1994, i-United States yavuma i-North Korea ekufumaneni inyukliya yenyukliya, kwaye ke loo msebenzi weziko langaphambili lanceda ekuvumeni kwaye ngo-2002-2003 ukuphuhlisa a Isivumelwano sehlabathi esiqhelekileyo.
Ngo-1995, uJimmy wabeka isandla sakhe ekusombululeni ingxaki yobundlobongela kwingingqi yamachibi amahle kwaye wadlala indima enkulu kwiingxoxo ze-Nairobi naseSudan.
Enkosi koku, ezinye izinto ezifezekisiweyo, i-carter ifumene igama njenge-ceplomat ephumeleleyo kwaye ngo-2002 wanikwa i-Nobel Govisa Peerance Lichie "Umsebenzi we-Nobel Word" Umsebenzi wokufumana intando yenkululeko kunye namalungelo oluntu ... "
Ngo-2015, uJimmy, njengenxalenye yabathunywa, "abadala" batyelela uMoscow kwaye bathetha neVladimir Pepin naseSergey Lavrov malunga nemeko yaseRussia neUkraine.
Ubomi Buqu
Kulutsha lwe-Jimmy Carter utshatele intombazana egama linguRute Rosalin Smith, kwaye ngoku amaqabane anoonyana abathathu, intombi eyi-1, abazukulwana abali-11. Kwiminyaka engapheliyo yezopolitiko malunga nobomi bosapho bosapho lukaMongameli wama-39, iintatheli zifunda kakhulu. Into enomdla yayibuhlobo lwenkokeli yaseMelika enentsomi yelitye kwaye iqengqeleka i-Elvissey, inkumbulo eshiye iincwadi zenkumbulo kunye neefoto ezinqabileyo.Ukwabelana ngenkanuko yenkosikazi yakhe yokuloba, i-tennis nezemidlalo ebusika, i-carter inokuhlala ithembele kwinkxaso yakhe ekhaya kwaye emsebenzini. NgoJulayi ngo-2016, umfazi kaCarter waqaphela isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-70 somtshato kunye nenani leminyaka ekuvunyelwene ngayo kwi-Murican Elamer George naseBarbaru Bush.
Kuyinyani, kungekudala nje ngaphambi kweholide, imvakalelo yeNkundla yakhe malunga nokugula kwentloko yentsapho emininzi. Ngo-2015, emva kotyando kwisibindi, ukuba ungamongameli wase-America oxineneyo kunye ne-melanoma isibindi kunye nengqondo. Ukulungiselela ukuzinzisa imeko yempilo, i-carter idlulise ikhosi yonyango lwe-radiation kunye nokwamkelwa kwamachiza amamlo.
Ngenxa yoko, ngoDisemba 6, 2015, uJimmy wapapasha ingxelo esemthethweni kwaye wanika ingxelo yokuba unyango lwanceda, ngexesha leskena lokugqibela akafumani zimpawu zomhlaza.
Jimmy carter ngoku
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iCarter ngenxa yobudala ilahlekile amandla okuphila ubomi obusebenzayo kwezopolitiko. Nangona kunjalo, uqhubeka esenza iingxelo ezinxulumene nezenzo zomlawuli we-American Omerican Donald Trump.
Ngentwasahlobo yowama-2019, uMongameli wama-39 waseUnited States waba ngoyena mdala kubahlali abaphilayo bendlu emhlophe kwaye wabetha irekhodi lonyaka ohlala luhleli, olwalu-94 oneminyaka engama-94 ubudala.
Amabhaso
- Imbasa "yeKhogsha yaseMelika"
- Imbasa "kwinkonzo yokhuselo yeSizwe"
- I-hidionary ye-hisral yesiqithi se-Ellis
- Imbasa kaMongameli yenkululeko
- I-Order Cuswn (iBelgium)
- I-odolo ne-neal (eJiphutha)
- Ingalo kwintsimi yamalungelo oluntu
- I-odolo ye-vasco nuniz de ballboa (panama)
- I-odolo yeNtlafortor Sa-Martin (Argentina)
- Ibhaso le-NOBEL YONYAKA (2002)