Biography
I-Soviet Chemist i-Valery i-Valerov ye-valesov yayiyinxalenye yeSayensi yeSayensi. Kude kube yiminyhadala ethile, igama lendoda elalizazi abantu abambalwa, kodwa emva kwengozi eChernobyl NPP, ayizange ishiye iintloko zamaphephandaba kunye neemagazini ixesha elide. Wenza igalelo elikhulu kuphando lwale ntlekele, kodwa ngenxa yokufa okungalindelekanga kwaye engaqondakaliyo, yayingenalo ixesha lokuthetha izibakala ezifumaneka.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-biography ye-biography yesikolo sexesha elizayo yaqala eTula, apho wazalwa khona ngoSeptemba 1, 1936. Kungekudala emva kokuzalwa koNyana, usapho lwafudukela eMoscow, kukho inkwenkwe kwaye yaya kufunda esikolweni. Abazali bakhe babengabasebenzi abalula, kwaye uGalery kwiminyaka yokuqala yokufunda wafaka amathemba aphambili, kunye nesatifikethi sokuqola, wafumana imbasa yegolide.
Emva kwesikolo se-Igasov, wangena kwi-Moscow Chemical Institute egama lize emva ko-D. I. Mendeleev (ngoku i-PCTE), kwi-puctu), kwi-prockoecy ye-protelty, iphumelele iphumelele ngo-1961. Kwangelo xesha, wasebenza kwiyunivesithi enye nguNobhala weKomiti ye-SBCMM, kwesi sikhundla wathatha inxaxheba kuBalo lukaManyano loMbutho wamaKomanisi, ethathela ingqalelo izibonelelo zayo ngokungachanekanga. Umsebenzi onjalo wavuzwa kwaye wamisela iKomiti yoMfana yeSahluko. Kule thuba, walungelelanisa imithendeleko yabantu abancinci kunye nabafundi, badibana nabathunywa abavela kumazwe awahlukeneyo.
Isayensi
I-Legasov ifundwe kakuhle kangangokuba ngokukhawuleza emva kokukhululwa kwiYunivesithi yagqiba kwelokuba ingenelele kwisikolo se-pirati, ngenxa yoko ukhethe iziko lamandla enyukliya ogama linguM. Kurchatov. Apho, umsebenzi wakhe wenyuka ngokukhawuleza. Ekuqaleni, lo mfana wasebenza njengomphandi waseJunior, emva kwethuba waphuculwa kumdala, yaye waba yintloko yelebhu. Kwi-31, uGalery Alekseevich uba ngumgqatswa, emva kweminyaka emi-5, iiKhosikhali zeSheckhase. Ngelo xesha, iingxaki zegesi ezihlekisayo zifundile, kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-4 wafumana amabhaso karhulumente ukuba aphuhlise kwicandelo lokufunda imichiza yekhemikhali.Enye indawo apho isazinzulu siphandlule ngokunzulu - iinkqubo zetekhnoloji yamandla. Kumsebenzi, itekhnoloji yoyilo, itekhnoloji yoyilo, itekhnoloji kunye nabanye abachwephesha badala uhlobo olutsha lweflethi, eyaba linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuya kwindalo yenyukliya. Kudala ngaphambi kwengozi eChernobyl, inzululwazi yayixhalabele imiba yezokhuseleko kumzi mveliso. Ke ngoko, ukuqonda koluntu lwenzululwazi kudibana kwaye kudalwe ngumbono we-zero kunye nomngcipheko owamkelekileyo.
Kwi-45, le-lemaces enyulwe amalungu e-Academy yeSayensi ye-USSR, eyayisenza ukuba ibe yeyona nto ilungileyo. Kwaye ngaphambili, ukusebenza kwiZiko lamandla atommic ebizwa emva kwe-I. V. Ekurchatov, uba nguSekela Mlawuli woPhando, ngo-1984 wafumana ulwando lokuqala kwi-ofisi yokuqala yeZiko. Ukususela ngo-1983 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-deple yeentsuku, inzululwazi ikhokelwa kwiCandelo leThemizikhali kunye ne-radiachemists kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow ye-Moscow State.
Ingozi yeChernobyl
Ekupheleni kuka-Epreli 1986, eli lizwe lafunda malunga nesiganeko esoyikisayo - ingozi kwisityalo samandla enyukliya saseChernobyl yenyukliya. Abantu babengayicindinga ngayo isikali sokwenene esi siganeko, ngaphandle kwento yokuba ubulungiseleli bamandla bafumana i-encryption kunye nemiqondiso ekhethekileyo ebonisa ukuqhuma, umlilo, imitha kunye nengozi yenyukliya.
Ukulungelelanisa ukupheliswa kwengozi, ikhomishini yadalwa ngokukhawuleza phantsi kweForis Shcherubin, kwaye i-Legasov Valery yaya apho. Nangona wayengugqirha wenyukliya, indoda yayinomdla kwimiba yezokhuseleko, kwaye ke inokuba noncedo lokwenyani. Malunga nenyaniso yokuba le yentlekele yokwenene yenzekile, i-Aidemidian iqonde ekungeneni kwendawo yengozi, ibona isibhakabhaka se-crimson.
Ukwenza izigqibo zokwenyani malunga nesikali sengozi, iihelikopta zasungulwa esibhakabhakeni, esasasaza ireknoloji yokuqhuma. Ukususela kuphando, kwacaca - kukho isoyikiso sokuqhushumba. Ungaze ube sisibini, i-Accouminamian kwi-Armored Arriers yabaphathi abaziintloko zemichiza yekhemikhali baya kwi-epicenter yeziganeko-ukuqikelela umngcipheko wokukhutshwa kwenani.
Ngokufanelekileyo, emva koko wafumana idosi yokuqala yemitha ye-100 x-rays. Emva kokuvavanya ukufuduka kunye nokuxabisa imeko, iValery inyanzelisa ekufumaneni ukufuduka ngokupheleleyo kwePrideyat, de iinkonzo ezizodwa zifike endaweni, zilinde iqela elikhethekileyo kwi-Mscow. Ngelixa abahlali bashiya idolophu, i-igusoov icwangcise irekyuli ephosa umxube owodwa wokucinezela ukukhutshwa kwe-radimaction.
Uninzi, kubandakanya abezopolitiko, bachaphazele umonakalo obangelwe lilizwe lengozi. Ngomhla wama-5 kaMeyi owonye, inzululwazi yathetha kwintlanganiso yezopolitiko yaza yatyhila umfanekiso wentlekele, kwaye ibeka izindululo zokuphelisa imiphumo emibi. Wayeqonda ukuba ingonakalisi yonke imizuzu yokuhlala kwi-epicenter, kodwa wachitha iinyanga ezi-4 eChernobyl, efihliweyo lobungqina be-dosimeter.
Umfundi akazange akholelwe ukungabikho kobunkokheli belizwe lempendulo ekhawulezileyo yokuthobela iimfuno zoKhuseleko kwizityalo zamandla ezingxamisekileyo. Ngapha koko, iingqwalaselo zaye zawachaza ezopolitiko zabangela ukucaphukisa i-mikhail gorbachev. Ngaphandle koku, i-Endasov kwafuneka ivele kwi-IAEA yaseVienna, zonke ezo zinto zazilinde ukuqaphela, zoyike amabango e-USSR yelifu elinetyhefu lokuya eYurophu. Inzululwazi yeeyure ezi-5 zenziwe ngengxelo kwaye ayihambelani nobume bendalo kunye nenqanaba lentlekele. Udumo lwelo lizwe lahlangulwa, kodwa kuba i-NPPS eseleyo yaqala ukukhulisa iiprojekthi ezintsha zokukhusela. E-USA, i-valeria yambona indoda enyakeni.
Ukusebenza kuka-Inbuz's Triuz Awuthandi wonke umntu, ngokuvulekileyo kunye nokunyaniseka kwamanye amazwe, oogxa abaninzi bayeka ukuxhasa isayensi, kwaye abanye abameli bachaza intiyo. Ngapha koko, umntu akazange avumele ukuba apapashe amanqaku acinga ukuba inyani iphela ngengozi.
Kwisangqa sesayensi, inyathelo lakhe lokudala ukhuseleko lwenyukliya lalixhaswa. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yamava aqhelekileyo kunye namaphepha athile, uLeyaces wayenoxinzelelo, ngokweengxelo ezithile, ngo-1987, wade wazama ukuzibulala ngokusela inani elikhulu leepilisi ezinkulu zokulala. Emva koko wasindiswa, kwaye ibali alizange lipapashiwe esidlangalaleni.
Ubomi Buqu
Ayisiyonto ingako eyaziwa ngokuba ngobomi bobuchule bolwazi lweSoviet. Umfazi kaMargarita Mikhailovna osusela kwimitshato yokuqala exhasiweyo iqabane lomsebenzi. Ukubona umsebenzi wakhe osisigxina kunye nokwazi okusisigxina, ekhaya wanika ubushushu babasetyhini kunye nothando, wamnyamekela umyeni wakhe kude kube yintsuku. Emtshatweni owonwabileyo, isibini sazalwa kubantwana ababini - unyana nentombi.Ngelo xesha, xa indoda ilahlekelwe kwisityalo samandla senyukliya, yaqala ukuphulukana nempilo ngokukhawuleza, emva kwe-radiation yeveki, umlinganiso waphulukana neenwele ezininzi, wabonakala ediniwe kwaye ekhathazekile. Ukufundisisa kwizalamane zabo ngempilo yabo, emva kokubona iiyure ezimbalwa kunye nenkosikazi yakhe nabantwana bakhe (ngentombazana nomyeni wakhe, ngelo xesha babuyela kwelinye ilizwe), babuyela kwiPriproat kwakhona.
Ke iintlanganiso zabo zadlula kwiinyanga ezi-4 ezizayo, emva koko enye iminyaka eyi-1.5, inzululwazi isebenze nzima kwiingxelo nophando. Umlingane de lowo wasala kufutshane, ebona imeko yokomoya neyomzimba yomyeni wakhe, njengoko wayenokunceda. Ukufa kwakhe kwaba lusizi olukhulu lweMargarita Mikhailovna.
Ukufa
Ekupheleni kuka-Epreli ngo-1988, ilizwe lafunda ngokufa kwe-valery lemaces. Intlungu yenzekile ngapha kwexesha lesibini lengozi yeChernobyl. Ngosuku olungaphambi koko, indoda yagoduka evela emsebenzini, iqabane lakho laphawula ukuba akazange aphendule ngoogxa bakho, kodwa akazange anikele ingqalelo. Ngelo xesha, unyana nentsapho yakhe wayehlala endlwini kunye nabo. Ngemini elandelayo, wonke umntu waya emsebenzini, kwaye waqala wabuyela kwikhefu lesidlo sasemini kwaye wafumana utata wakhe inyibilikisiwe. Ekuqaleni, iinguqulelo ezi-2 zabekwa phambili - ukubulala kwaye kuzisindisa.
Akukho nqaku lokuzibulala lafunyanwa, kodwa abaphandi bafumanise iikhasethi ezi-5 zekhasethi ezineenkcukacha zenzululwazi malunga nengozi malunga nengozi kwi-NPPs, kodwa bezicinyiwe, kodwa ezinye zazo zazicinyiwe. Oogqirha bagqiba kwelokuba umntu wesigulana ngokwasemzimbeni nangokuziphatha waziswe ekuphelelwe lithemba, kwaye ngenxa yoko khange anyuke ngenye indlela yokuphuma kwimeko yakhe. Ngokutsho kophando, unobangela wokufa kubizwa ngokuba zizibulala.
I-Legasova yangcwatywa eMoscow kumangcwaba eNovodevichy. Endaweni yomfanekiso okwisiqhelo, ingcwaba lakhe lihonjiswe ngomfanekiso oqingqiweyo emi kwelinye indoda indoda yaphuphuma ngumcimbi.
Imemori
Kwinkumbulo yenzululwazi enkulu, iifilimu zenziwe zakhiwa kwaye zibhala iincwadi, zapapasha amanqaku kumaphephandaba.
Ngo-2017, inqaku elikwinzululwazi elibizwa ngokuba "yimalini le-Lemaces ye-Lemaces yabulawa ngayo, eyayiqhuba uphando lwayo le-Chernobyl Katastrphe, yavela kwiwebhusayithi ye-MOSSOOL embindini. Kukho i-biography, sebenza kwizityalo zamandla kunye namabali abantu abasondeleyo malunga nendlela ababejonga ngayo le ntlekele kunye. Uninzi kunye nezinye iimpapasho zazukisa iLeraces.
Ukuhlonitshwa kukaGalery Alekseevich, iSikolo seMoscow Nombolo 56 sabizwa ngokuba sifundisiwe.
Ngo-2019, kwaziwa ukuba iHina yaseMelika yeHbo isusa ungcelele 'uChernobyl "malunga nengozi kwi-NPs kwiPriprotat. Kangangoko iziqendu ezi-5 zicwangcisiwe, isenzo sisenzeka emva kwentlekele, eyona ndima ka-Valery Allerer, i-Actor Jared Harris idlale eyona ndima iphambili.
Amabhaso kunye nezihloko
- Isifundi seSifundi seNzululwazi yase-USSR
- I-Lenninsky Prise
- Ibhaso likaRhulumente we-USSR
- I-odolo yenguqu ka-Okthobha
- I-odolo yebhendi ebomvu yabasebenzi
- Ummi ozukisiweyo wengingqi ye-tula
- Iqhawe leRussia (inikezelwe emva)