Biography
Umbhali uTruman Horuman wayedume ngeencwadi "zesidlo sakusasa neTiffany" kwaye "ukubulala okubandayo" kwaye waba nguCustocal woncwadi lwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Imisebenzi yombhali isenze isiseko sezihlangu ezininzi, ezona zidumileyo zithathwa njenge-Oskarone Tape kunye ne-hepburn ye-Audreurn kwindima ekhokelayo. Umbhali iminyaka emininzi wayeyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeqela laseMelika, elalithathelwa ingqalelo yiyo ubuhlakani kunye nemikhwa ye-crank.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Iklasikhi yazalwa ngo-1924 eNew Orleans, uLouisiana, ogama linguTruman Fitkfus. Unina wabizwa ngokuba nguLilly Mey, kwaye utata-uAratulus, nabantu abancinci babethathwa kakubi ekukhuleni koNyana, bahlala bemshiya ngokukhathalela izalamane zabo.
Ifani yombhali we-hood wathabatha uthokho ngotata, usomashishini eCuba, owabona kwintsapho, xa inkwenkwe yayineminyaka eli-9 ubudala. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngenxa yoqhawulo-mtshato lwabazali, umntwana wayehlala eAlabama kangangexesha elithile eAlabama kwaye wanikwa. UTruman wazifunda ukuba afunde kwaye abhale esemncinci.
Kwidolophu yase-Alabamian esemazantsi, iMonrovill, inkwenkwe yadibana ne-harper lee, ukuhlala kufutshane. Abantwana baba ngabahlobo abangafaniyo kwaye bawugcinele olu xuko kangangeminyaka emininzi, nangona babekhohliswayo: I-Truma ebuthathaka yayingaphantsi kwengqondo yeHarper.
Ababhali baqonda ukuba bafumene iprototypes omnye komnye ngemisebenzi yabo. Ke, i-hood iphefumlelwe kumfanekiso we-Dilla kwinoveli eyaziwayo "ukubulala i-propen", kwaye i-harper yasebenza njenge-prototype, iqhawe "lezinye iivoti, amanye amagumbi." Ukutshata ngo-1933, umama uyamthatha unyana wakhe aze ahambe naye eNew York. Ukusukela ngo-1935, umntu owamkelayo ngokusemthethweni uTruman gama, oya kuthi adume.
Ukususela ebuntwaneni, inkwenkwe yayazi indlela yokukhonkxa amabali kunokufumana ukuthandwa kwisikolo sabucala eManhattan, eyayikho iminyaka emi-3. Kwilinge lakhe lokwenza umntwana, abazali ngo-1936 basithumela kwiZiko lezemikhosi, kwaye kulo nyaka umbhali ukhumbula njengentlekele.
I-Trumen Hood igqityiwe iminyaka yesikolo kwiConnecticut, apho usapho luhamba ngo-1939. Lo mfo wabhekiswa ngokunzulu kwiiklasi, enikela ingqalelo kuphela kulowo woqeqesho kuphela olele kuwo umphefumlo. Sele ke, iphakamile phakathi kwesihlwele, kunye neendlela azingqonge itheko lolutsha yaseBohemia, elihamba ngeengokuhlwa, ladalela ukusela iwayini, umdaniso okanye qhubeka kwiNew York Bughs. Imfundo ephakamileyo uStuman akazange afumane.
Umsebenzi wokuqala wendodana walungiswa, ukuba ngumfundi weklasi yokuphumelela. Wakwazi ukufumana indawo kwimagazini eyaziwayo "ye-Yorky". Kwaye nangona lo mfo wayeziphathelele ekukhupheleni kwephephandaba kunye nokucwangcisa imifanekiso, waba nethuba lokuqhelana nemijikelezo yokubhala kunye nokupapasha ishishini.
Indalo
Ukubhala amabali eHood waqala ebuntwaneni, kwaye ngo-1936 wade wathatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano loncwadi, iphephandaba ledolophu ye-alabamian leselfowuni. Ukubhuqalwa kombhali oselula kwavavanywa kwaye kuqatshelwe ngamabhaso. Ngelo xesha, inkwenkwe isoloko ihamba nencwadana kunye nepensile, ebhala imbali. Indoda ixele ukuba umnqweno wokuba ngumbhali ofunyenwe ebuntwaneni kwaye uzinikele ngabom iiyure ezininzi ngemini emva kokuba ebuye esikolweni.Ngelixa usebenza eNew Yorker, uTruman wenza imizamo emininzi engaphumelelanga yokupapasha amabali abo kwijenali. Lo mfana washiya impapasho ukuba ijolise ekujongeni emsebenzini wokubhala, ukumnika ixesha elizeleyo. Ngenxa yoku, i-hood ihamba esixekweni sobuntwana bakhe, apho umsebenzi kwi-Novesithi ye-Debut "iqale ihlobo" iqala. Incwadi yabhalwa ngo-1943, kodwa impapasho yokuqala yenzeka kuphela ngo-2005.
Amagorha emisebenzi ye-hood wayehlala esithi "hayi kwihlabathi leli", onomdla kumbhali ngokwakhe. Umbhali owenze ukuba athethe ngaye emva kokubonakala kwebali "uMiriyam" kwimagazini "wamenzela" wamema "ngo-1945.
Ibali lentombazana encinci engaqhelekanga elitsala abapapashi, kwaye indlu yeRandi isayine imvumelwano nombhali kwincwadi enkulu, eye yaba lenoveli "amanye amagumbi" akhutshwa ngo-1948. Umsebenzi wawulinde impumelelo, kuthathelwa uluhlu lwabasebenzi abalungileyo kwiinyanga ezimbini, kwaye umbhali waba ngumfanekiso wefashoni, abafundisa iileta.
Emva kokuhlelwa okuphumelelayo, i-Trumen Hood iyaqhubeka nokubhala amabali, kwaye ngo-1951 umbhali wombhali uphuma - "Ilizwi lengca", elixelela abantu abahlelelekileyo aboyikayo ukukhulisa umhlaba jikelele umthi. Kwi-50s, i-hood iqala ukuzama njengomdlalo wokudlala, ukusebenzisana neHollywood. Impumelelo enkulu yolu nxibelelwano luphawu lwenoveli "kwisidlo sakusasa kwiTiffany", enikezwe nguBlake Ededy ngo-1961. Imbali yeNew York Tusovover Holly Golyli yazisa uMbhali wozuko lwehlabathi.
I-vertex yemisebenzi yombhali ye-Trumen Hood yaba yinoveli yenoveli "yokubulala okubandayo", epapashwe ngo-1965. Umbhali usebenze emsebenzini weminyaka emi-5, eshiya ulwaphulo-mthetho kwaye eqhelene nabadlali, kubandakanya nababulali. Inoveli yapapashwa ngamalungu kwimagazini "iNew Yorker" kwaye wazisa ingqalelo kubagxeki kunye nempumelelo yorhwebo.
I-bibliography ye-hood ibandakanya imisebenzi emininzi, uninzi lwazo lusekwe kwisiseko seefilimu kwaye zihlisiwe ziikowuti.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Truman Hood ayifihli impilo yesini kwaye yayiyinto evulekileyo. Ngesi sizathu, indoda yayingenamfazi nabantwana. Umntu ophambili kubomi bakhe obuqu yayingumbhali uJack Dafeni, owayeqhelene no-1948.
Amadoda ayengafani kwaye eqhuba indlela eyahlukileyo yobomi: I-hood yayinesilinganiselo kwaye icocekile, iJack - inesibindi. UDafeni, owayenomtshato ongaphumelelanga nomntu obhinqileyo, ekhetha indlela yokuphila efihliweyo, kunye ne-Truman eqaqambileyo kwaye enesifo esingakhange acinge. Ngaphandle komahluko, amadoda ayeneminyaka engama-35 ubudala kwaye wahlukaniswa ne-Jack, eyayidiniwe kukunyamezelana nentsebenzo yeqabane kutywala nakwiziyobisi.
Emva kokuhlukanisa ukusuka eDaphini, i-hood yangena kwi-dissoctions, awayezama ukuntywila iinoveli ezihamba rhoqo, kodwa azizange zikhubene. Le ndoda ijikeleze ipati yehlabathi, ukunxibelelana neenkwenkwezi zoboniseli, oosomashishini abazizityebi kunye nabameli beBohemia.
Umbhali wayeligqwetha kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo kwabafazi bolona kukhanya luphakamileyo, abafumana umnxibelelanisi ngononophelo kuye ngomphefumlo ofihlakeleyo. Kwibhayoloji yendoda kukho ubuhlobo noMarilyn Monroe no-Elizabeth taylor, Jacqueline Kennedy noBaib Palee. Phakathi kwabafazi abatyebileyo abatyebileyo babethathwa njengefashoni ukuba banxibelelane noTruman Hood, njengoko kungqinwe ziifoto ezininzi zomtshutshisi.
Ukufa
Iminyaka yakutshanje, i-tuman hood iphantse yabandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yoncwadi. Mhlawumbi kukho isizathu sokuthetha malunga nengxaki yokuyila efikile kule minyaka idlulileyo yokugqibela yobomi. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, iingxaki ezinxulumene neziyobisi kunye notywala zikhuliswe. Iinzame ezenziweyo kumaziko ohlengahlengiso ziphele ukuphazamiseka. Ngapha koko, le ndoda yaba yintshutshiso.Ngo-1984, imeko yombhali yombhali yayiphawuleka kakhulu, eyayikhuselwe yi-overdose, apho i-hood yawa esibhedlele iLon Island. Ukubuyisela i-quililibrim elinganayo, i-troubon yaya eCalifornia ukuya kwintombazana ende ende Joan Carson. Kwindlu yakhe eLos Angeles nge-25 ka-Agasti ka-1984, umbhali wasweleka kunyaka-60 wobomi. Unobangela wokufa waba sisifo esisibindi, enzima ngamachiza anxilisayo.
Emva kokufa, umzimba weproses watshiswa. Uthuli lwe-goumen hood kanye ibiwe, kwaye ngo-2016 izixa zombhali zathengiswa nge-auction kumntu ongaziwayo kwi- $ 45 yamawaka.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1943 - "ihlobo lasehlotyeni"
- Ngo-1948 - "amanye amazwi, amanye amagumbi"
- Ngo-1949 - "umthi wobusuku kunye namanye amabali"
- Ngo-1950 - "Umbala Wengingqi"
- Ngo-1951 - "I-VIESS YOBUGCISA"
- Ngo-1956 - "I-Muses iviwe"
- Ngo-1958 - "isidlo sakusasa"
- Ngo-1965 - "Ingqokelela ebandayo"
- Ngo-1973 - "Izinja zikhonkotha"
- Ngo-1980 - "Umculo weChameleon"