Biography
Igama le-Konstanta Ihnsky imile kumqolo wokuqala wama-Russia owenzeyo, kwaye inokubizwa ngokuba ngumsunguli wesikolo sezenzululwazi sokufundisa isizukulwana esitsha kwinkampu esemncinci ngaphandle kokuwolula. Ukuphila ubomi obufutshane, indoda yaqulunqa inkqubo ye-Diedegogical egcweleyo yaza yaba ngumbhali weencwadi ezininzi, phakathi kwemisebenzi esisiseko yesayensi, kodwa namabali ebantwana. Utitshala wabona injongo yobomi ukuze akhonze abantu kwaye azinike ngaphandle kweshishini lakhe elithandekayo, efuna ukwenziwa esidlangalaleni.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UKonstantin Dmiteevich wazalelwa kwi-tila kwintsapho yeDmigori Grigorievich nenkosikazi yomfazi wakhe kaStepanovna. Utata wotitshala wexesha elizayo wayenomkhosi ongemva kwamagxa, eyimfazwe yemfazwe noNapoleon.
Ababhali-mbali benkulungwane yamashumi amabini bathathwa ngumhla wombhali nge-19 kaFebruwari, ngo-1824, kodwa banikezela ingqalelo kwi-tulagraphy yaseTula, ethembela ukuba u-Uhinsky wazalelwa kunyaka ongaphambili. Ukudideka kwemihla yenzekile ngenxa yobhaliso lwasemva kwexesha kwesatiri le metric, elalihlehliswe ngokunxulumene nokuqeshwa kukatata kwisithuba esitsha kunye nokufuduswa kosapho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, unyaka ovunyiweyo wokuzalwa kukatitshala uhlala engu-1824T, kwaye zonke iziganeko zokwamkelwa zithathela ingqalelo kweli nani.
Ubuntwana kunye neminyaka esencinci yesayensi yenzeka kwidolophu yaseCherihivuv yaseNovgorod-Tosk, apho uyise wosapho onyula ijaji. Xa umntwana wayeneminyaka eli-11 ubudala, umama wasweleka, evela kwasebuncinaneni abenzele unyana wakhe. Ngenxa yolwazi olufunyenweyo, inkwenkwe ilula ingene kwiGymnasium, yaza yachazwa kwangoko kwibanga lesi-3.
Emva koko, i-USISKY YABASEBENZI BENKONZO, ootitshala bokuqala kwaye baqaphele ukuba abo baxakeka yisayensi, abatshabalalisiweyo nababathandekayo. Kuyenzeka ukuba inqanaba lemfundo esikolweni liye laphakama ngaphezu kweedolophu eziqhelekileyo zelo xesha. Lo mfana wafumana isatifikethi ngo-1840 kwaye ngeloxesha wayesele efumene nembali yee-onsictractists kunye nezimvo eziwisiweyo ze-European.
Ukuqhubeka koqeqesho lwe-Konstantin kwiYunivesithi yaseMoscow, ukubhalisa kwigqwetha. Apha, umfana uphulaphula iintetho zabaprofesa ababukhali kwaye uthixo othanda intanda-bulumko, uncwadi kunye nelungelo. Emva kokuphumelela kwikhosi ngo-1844, le ndoda ihlala eyunivesithi ukuba ibeke iimviwo zenkosi. Ngeli xesha, i-USHINSKY iqalisa ukukhathazeka kwimiba yokukhanyiselwa kwabantu baseRussia, ukuba uninzi lwabo luhlala lungafundanga.
Ukuba ngumgqatswa weSayensi esemthethweni, umfundi onesidanga uya eYaroslavl, apho sele esebenza kwiZiko lezoMthetho leDemidov. Utitshala oneembono eziqhubayo wabanjwa kunye nabafundi ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye akazange azithande izinto ezisemthethweni kwizifundo kunoko kubandezeli akonelisekanga.
Imozulu ephambili yengcali yolula yenziwa yona ngenxa yobunkokeli, kwaye emva kokuba utitshala wafakwa kwiliso. Itshata yokunyamekela ngesimo sengqondo esinjalo, uKonstantin ushiya indawo aze akwazi ukuguqulela amanqaku angaphandle amaphephancwadi. Ukufudukela eSt. Pretersburg, yanelisekile ligosa elincinci kwinkonzo yangaphakathi.
I-Pedagogy
Ngo-1854, i-USHINSKY ikwazile ukufumana isikhundla soMfundisi-ntsapho kwi-Gatchn Orphans - iziko leSibini esivaliweyo, elalikumkhathalelo. Ukusekwa kwabandakanyeka kwimfundo yamagosa ezaxa wexesha elizayo ngamasebe kunye namashishini kwaye wahlulahlulwa ngumdiliya wee-odolo. Inkqubo yokohlwaywa kwestratical straratist apha kunye nemozulu engalunganga yokwaphula umthetho kunye nentiyo phakathi kwabafundi babelane.Ekuqaleni, uKonstantin Dmirievich ufundise uncwadi kunye nomthetho, kodwa emva kwesiqingatha ngonyaka wathatha isikhundla somhloli. Kule minyaka yezabasebenzi, iZiko leShinsky lakwazi ukwakha inkqubo yemfundo ukuze i-klause, ubusela kunye neofisi eyomileyo yayimkile kwiindonga zeziko. Apha utitshala afumane oovimba abangaphambili, benethala leencwadi lemisebenzi ye-pedagogical, ukuqhelana nelizwe elitsha elivulekileyo phezulu kunye notitshala omncinci.
Ukuphefumlelwe zizixhobo ezifundwe, umbhali ubhala inqaku elithi "kwizibonelelo zoncwadi oluhlanganisiweyo", nto leyo eyayisenza yayidume. Indoda iba ngumbhali osisigxina weMetropolitan, phakathi kwe "magazini yemfundo", "laledleflo" kunye "nethala leencwadi ngokufunda". Emva kwexesha, kangangesiqingatha, utitshala wasebenza njengoMhleli we-International 'waguqula impapasho yaba yingqokelela edumileyo yamanqaku aphakamileyo.
Inqanaba elilandelayo kwikhondo lomsebenzi yayingumsebenzi kwi-smolny iZiko lentombi ye-norlny, apho isoftware ye-novice ikwazi ukunika ubungqina butsha. Utitshala ujongene nokwahlulahlula amantombazana ngendlela engathandekiyo kwaye elula, okokuqala waphumelela ubudlelwane obulinganayo kubo bonke abafundi. U-Istinsky wanyanzelisa ukuba uqeqesho lwenzeka ngolwimi lwayo lwenkobe, kwaye lanika ithuba lamantombazana ukufumana iziqinisekiso zootitshala.
Le ndoda yazisa isiko ukuze icwangcise ukuqokelelwa kweqela lezihlanga ukuze ingxoxo yokucinezela imicimbi yemicimbi yemfundo kunye ne-Advanded kwicandelo lezeMfundo. Ezi ngokuhlwa ziye zaba yindawo yokuhlangana yabahlobo nabalinganeki, apho babethetha khona ngeenguqu, imidlalo yeqonga, uncwadi. UKonstantin Dmitrievich wayenandipha intlonipho kwaye wathandwa ngoogxa kunye nabafundi, kodwa abasemagunyeni babonakala ngathi bayimbamba yasimahla. Ke ngoko, ukuze ndihlukane nomsebenzi "ongathandekiyo", ngo-1862 wathunyelwa kuhambo lwaphesheya kulo lonke ixesha.
Ukuhlala eYurophu, indoda inomdla ngokucacileyo kumava aphezulu kwicandelo lezemfundo nezemfundo, etyelele amaziko emfundo eJamani, eSwitzerland, eFwzerland, eFrance namanye amazwe. Usaqhubeka nokuzibandakanya kwimisebenzi yoncwadi, eyaqala eGatchna.
Ngo-1864, iincwadi zabantwana "igama lomthonyama" kunye "nehlabathi labantwana" liphuma kwintsiba yombhali, kwaye eyokuqala idityaniswa ngezinto zokufundisa ngoncwadi, ezibhekiswa kubazali nootitshala. Le misebenzi yangena kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo woncwadi oluDadagogical, inamakhulu okuphindaphindiweyo.
I-USHINSKY YABHALWENSI NOKUFUNDA I-ARTE, kunye neentsomi namabali abantwana banendawo ebalulekileyo apho. "Ihashe lokulala", "Iminqweno emine", "iqhenqa lelixhego" laba yiColokli yoncwadi lwabantwana.
Umsebenzi wokugqibela wokugqibela kwi-Didagogy wabhalwa ngokubuyela kwilizwe elithi "umntu njengombandela wemfundo", owahlala engazange. Ngexesha lobomi bombhali, 2 iivolumu ezi-2 zophando lwe-anthropological zaphuma, iikowuti ezinokuthi zifumaneke kumaphepha anenzululwazi.
Ubomi Buqu
Ulonwabo kwi-Konstantin yobuqu i-Konstantin DMITERICE ifumaneka nentombazana yomhlobo wakhe ngethemba likaSemenovna Doroshenko, owaba ngumfazi wakhe ngo-1851. Kunyaka kamva, eso sibini sabonaka uPawulos okhankanyiweyo uPawulos, intombi kaVera nethemba noKontadin neVladimir. Umzobo wefoto ugcinwe, apho usapho luvela khona kolu lwakhiwo. Ngo-1867, umntwana wesithandathu uzalelwe - intombi kaOliga, kamva owaba ngumculi.
Intsapho yafuduka kwiindawo ngeendawo emva kwentloko yayo, kodwa i-Yesinsky yayinembombo yokuthula, apho babuya khona: iBogdanka Bogiv, indoda ithenga indlu.
Into enomdla yokuba iintombi zikatitshala zilandelwe zimilo kwishishini likaBawo: amantombazana ayebandakanyeke kwintlangano yezikolo nakwizikolo, ngaphandle kokutya kunye nemali yazo.
Ukufa
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje yobomi, i-heyday yomsebenzi wesayensi kunye noluntu lwe-USHINESKY. Ubhala amanqaku, athatha inxaxheba kwiingqungquthela zobungcali, uzibandakanya ekusekweni kwenkqubo ye-SLIM Dedegogional. Indoda ifumana igunya njengenkosi kunye nentuthuzelo yeshishini lakhe.
Kwangelo xesha, ngo-1870, usapho luqondeka intaba: Unyana olizibulo nguPaul Paul uyafa eneminyaka eli-18 ngexesha lokuzingela. Ukufa kufike kakhulu lusapho, kwaye uKonstantin Dmitrievich uthatha isigqibo sokuya eKiev, ukufumana indlu apho.
Emva koko, ukuthatha oonyana, utitshala oneminyaka engama-47 uya kunyango kwi-prosaa. Nangona kunjalo, i-umbinsky ikhathazwa endleleni. Esi sifo sidlulisela iingxaki kwaye siba ngunobangela wokufa ekupheleni kukaDisemba ngo-1870 eOdessa. Ingcwaba lotitshala odumileyo likwi-kiev-vedubitsky.
Igalelo lamadoda ukuya kwi-Russia Dedagogragy kunzima kakhulu ekusebenziseni. Umnqweno wakhe wokwenza imfundo ifumaneke kuwo onke amacandelo kungekudala abantu kungekudala efumene iziqhamo, kwaye imisebenzi esisiseko yombhali yasenza isiseko seenkqubo zemfundo ezilandelayo zemfundo. Ukuhlonitshwa komntu, izikolo ezininzi, amathala eencwadi nezitrato zaseRussia zibizwa ngegama.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1847 - "Izifundo kwi-Yaroslavl Lyceum"
- Ngo-1856 - "kwimfundo yoluntu yesizwe"
- 1857 - "izinto ezintathu zesikolo"
- Ngo-1858 - "kwizakhiwo ezithetha lukrakra"
- 1858 - "Uhlengahlengiso lwesikolo eMntla Merika"
- Ngo-1858 - "isixhobo esingaphakathi seZikolo zaseMntla American"
- Ngo-1859 - "Iileta malunga nokukhuliswa kwendlalifa kwitrone yaseRussia"
- I-1864 - "igama lomthonyama"
- Ngo-1867 - "Indoda Engumxholo wokukhuliswa"
- Ngo-1869 - "Indoda Engumxholo wokukhula"
- I-1870-Izixhobo ze-Anthropology "yesithathu"