Biography
UAnton Rubinstein ngumdlali wepiyanisi odumileyo, umqhubi womqhubi kunye nomqambi, waziwa ngenkcubeko yaseRussia njengoMsungululi we-Sttersburg kunye notitshala kaPeter iltiich Tchaikovsky. I-theyuposose yothotho lweendlela ze-7 ze-pieno ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-Xix ifumene ukuvunywa kwe-Xix kwihlabathi liphela kwaye wazazisa abaphulaphuli kwimbali yomculo wenkulungwane ezidlulileyo. Italente yombhali yazibonakalisa kumakhulu emisebenzi, apho i-Opera "I-Opera" yayithandwa kakhulu, i-ballet "yomdiliya" shultoraf. "Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-bigography ka-Anton Grigorievich iqale ngoNovemba 28, 1829 kwilali encinci eTransnistrian, ithala leencwadi le-Baltsky County yePhondo lePodolsk. Abazali, amaYuda ngobuzwe, avela ebhankini yaseUkraine nasePrussia. Ngo-1833, onke amalungu e-rubiinstin ye-rubiintein entloko nguTata Grigoravich noMama Kaledry Christophorec bamkela i-OrthodoXt kwaye bafumana ilungelo lokuya eMoscow kwaye bavule ishishini labo.
Ukongeza eAnton, intsapho yayinabanye abantwana ababedume kwiintsimi ezahlukeneyo zesayensi nenkcubeko. Umzalwana okhulileyo wePianist Yakova waba ngugqirha, kwaye oodade bathande kwaye uSofia wafumana udumo loMfundisi weMculo kunye nomculo weQela leChambele. I-Nikolali iRubiintein's Reader's Ubomi boBomi bube bobugcisa kunye emva komntakwabo ngo-1866 basungula ugcino lwesibini lwaseRussia eMoscow kwaye wasebenza apho de kwasekufeni.
Ukufumana ubomi kwindlu ebanzi kwi-Ordenkankanywa, utata wakhe wathatha imicimbi yepensile, kwaye emagxeni kamama apho wawukhathalela ukhule kunye nemfundo yabantwana. Ukuba ngumdlali wepiyano olungileyo, wafundisa uAnton ukuba adlale isixhobo kwaye alungiselele ukwamkelwa kwiklasi yotitshala odumileyo uAlexander Ivanovich.
I-rubiinstein eneminyaka esi-7 ubudala yabonisa ubuchule obukhulu, kwaye ukususela ngo-1839 umfundisi-ntsapho wamvumela ukuba athethe esidlangalaleni. Kunyaka emva koko, imakishwe ngeekonsathi yaya eYurophu kwaye yatyelela uKumkanikazi waseVictoria kunye nabaqulunqwa abakhulu be-gerenz kunye ne-frederic chopin.
Ngo-1844, uAnton ubuyile eRussia okwethutyana, emva koko, ehamba nomama noMnumzana Nikolai, baya eBerlin bafunda i-goodore yaseToodore Kullaka kunye ne-Siegfried Dena kwaye baphakamisa ukuthandana kwindalo yaseYurophu.
Kunyaka wesibini wokuhlala eJamani, usapho lwafumana iindaba zokufa kukaGregory rubtein. I-Kalery Christofofofofolayo kunye neNikolai ishiye iMoscow ukuze iqokelele umngcwabo, kwaye u-Anton waya kwikomkhulu le-Austrian ukuphucula izakhono zokwenza ipiyano.
Nangona kunjalo, ubomi obunqulimelezimeleyo abayeki ukungcamla umfana, kwaye izifundo zabucala azizange zizise inzuzo. Ngenxa yezi zizathu ngo-1849, imvumi yabuya kwilizwe lakhe kwaye ngenxa yokubulela ngokungazenzisiyo kwi-Grand Deiil Pavlovich e-Devlovich eSt. Peters.
Umculo
KwiRubriinstein yaseRussia Rubinstein yaphawula kwangoko. Italente yompinust yaqikelelwa ngexesha lokuthetha rhoqo kwintsapho kunye nabameli bamagama amanyeneyo. Elo mpumelelo lavumela imvumi evuthiweyo ukuba iqhelene noogxa baseRussia abadumileyo baseRussia, isandla esinamandla 'i-mikhail ivaich vighy ylinksky vilygorsky kunye ne-karl backdanovich schubert.
Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yabo, iRubiinstein yenza ukuba ujonge umsebenzi wakhe ngendima kwaye ngo-1852 wazisa i-Doonsoy yoLuntu "yanguMsebenzi wokuqala wokuqala wesincoko sakhe. I-opera emfutshane "yeziHinter zaseSiberia", "ukuziphindezela" kunye "ne-Fomka-isidenge", apho i-novice "isebenzise imixholo yezihloko kunye nemiyalelo yabantu baseRussia, enika irhafu kwiindlela zexesha lokuphumla lemfashini.
Embindini we-1850s, u-Anton Grigorievich wazama isiseko kwikomkhulu lezikolo ezikhethekileyo, kodwa, ukungayixhasi, inikezele kwaye ishiye le ngcinga kumaxesha angcono.
Imisebenzi yomqambi yavela ukuba ingabizi, kwaye akukho holo yethiyetha yaseRussia lalithatyathwe kwimveliso yabo. Ngenxa yoko, iRubinstein yaya kwelinye ilizwe kwaye ngoncedo lwakudala oluqhelekileyo lwazisa i-opera ye-opera "I-Seunters yaseSiberia" eluntwini. Ukongeza, imvumi inike iKhonsi yePiano yePiano kwiSixeko saseJamani seLeipzig, emva koko waphumelela kwi-Europe.
Utyelelo, lwasebenza iminyaka emi-4, lwenziwe i-Anton Grigorievich nguSaransi oQhafileyo kwaye ivuswe umsebenzi ongaphezulu. Ukuba kukunyuka, ipiyanisi yaphembelela iPrincess enkulu uElena Pavlovna ukwaba imali yokudalwa kombutho waseRussia, oqale intetho yesifo se-symphony phantsi kolawulo lweRubinstein.
Inqanaba elilandelayo lemvumi kunye nomqhubi wesifundo yayingumbutho weeklasi zoqeqesho zomculo, apho abantu abancinci abanesibindi banokuba nezakhono zezobugcisa. Xa inani labafundi linyuke nge-Autumn-1861, i-rigo yaseRoma yokuqala yavulwa eSt. I-Anton Grigorich iqalise ukuzalisekisa imisebenzi yoMlawuli, izixhobo zokuqhuba kunye nezixhobo zokufundisa kunye nepiyano.
Isilumkiso esikhokelayo sikhokelwa ngabameli besithi "iqhekeza elikhulu" alizange lamkela ngokukhawuleza umbono wokudala iziko lomculo lemfundo. Kuphela ngonyaka ka-1871, emva kokuba omnye wabafundi bokuqala beRubinstein yaba yi-tchaikovsky, umqambi nikolai andreevich rimsky-korkoka wavuma ukujoyina i-profeosoorship.
Kwintendelezo, umphengululi wabangela izimvo ezimbi, kwaye emva kongquzulwano ngefani yesigqibo, umlawuli wanyanzelwa ukuba arhoxe. Kuyinyani, ngo-1887, u-Anton Grigorievich wabuya kwaye wakhokelela kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo kwiZiko leMfundo. Ngeli xesha i-Artist yaseRussia edumileyo ilya ipeyinti ipeyinti ebonisa umqhubi obonisa umqhubi obonisa umqhubi obonisa umqhubi obonisa umqhubi obonisa umqhubi obonisa umqhubi obonisa umqhubi obonisa umqhubi wentanda yakhe.
Ngexesha lokufundisa iRubinsein efuna ukufundisa abafundi ukuba babe ngamagcisa okwenyani ahlala efuna ukugqwesa. Ukwenzela ukuba kuphuhliswe izakhono zabo, ipiyanon iqhubekile nekonsathi kwaye iqulethe iingoma, iingoma, iisfunies kunye neminye imisebenzi. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1970, umqambi oqulunqe u-Opera "Idemon", esekwe kumsebenzi we-mikhail Yurevich Lermoonvich, emva koko walinda iminyaka emi-3 yeqonga lemidlalo yeMariinsky malunga nokuqulunqwa.
Ngokukhawuleza emva kwe-primeri, idrama ye-lyries kunye neengoma ezisuk 'entliziyweni kwaye abagxeki Chaliapin be-chalilin, xa i-opera yaya yaziwa kwaye amatshawa aqaqambileyo aqokelele kumazwe ahlukeneyo.
Ezinye iindlela eziphumelelayo zomqambi zaba nguSymphony "ulwandle", i-oratoria "no" Sullife "," I-Maccavea "kunye" noFramors "kunye" ne-maccavea "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" ne-maccavea "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" noFramors "kunye" ne-maccave ". Eminye imisebenzi ayinakudlula ubuqaqawuli boMdali, ongazange uyeke ukukholisa uluntu ngomdlalo wepiyano umzuzu.
Ngo-1872-1873, imvumi kwinkampani yeKiriritis Venophsky inike iikonsathi ezingama-215 eMntla Melika kangangeenyanga ezi-8, wayechwayitile kuzo zonke iiCarousitals. Umjikelo oqulathe izinto ezisi-8 kwisixeko ngasinye ezifake imbali yomculo kwaye isathathwa njengengxelo engachazwanga ngeli xesha.
Okokugqibela uluntu lwabona ipiyano ngo-pinist kumsitho osazisayo eSt. Petersburg ngaphambi nje kokuba umntu efile, ngo-1893.
Ubomi Buqu
Malunga nobomi bobuqu yaseAnton Bubiinstein osaziwa kancinci. Ezona nqaku ziphambili zixhunyiwe noPetershof, apho uPiriast onomfazi oselula weholo uAlexandnava waqala wavela ngo-1866.Kwixa elizayo, usapho apho babonakala khona abantwana abathathu, lwafumana indlu kule dolophu intle kufutshane neSt. Petersburg kwaye yayikwisakhiwo esinenkuni nenqaba, itreyini kunye negadi yeziqhamo.
Iofisi yeRubiinstein yayikumgangatho wesibini waza waxhotyiswa ngokwentamo yayo yokuthozama. Kwakukho ipiyano emnyama, isofa kunye neshelufa ngamanqaku, kwaye ezindongeni ezixhonyiwe iifoto kunye nabantwana: uYakobi, uAna noAlexander. Kulapho umqambi oqashelwe usasazo lwe-dady "kunye neminye imisebenzi ezaliswe ziisandi zendalo.
I-vera enobubele i-vera aleksasvrovna ijikelezwe yindoda yakhe yendoda yathuthuzela kwaye ayindivumelanga ukuba ndinesithukuthezi, ndimemeza amalungu oluntu lwenkcubeko yaseRussia. Ezweni le-rubiinsteins, intloko ye-moscow ye-S. M. Tratyakov, umculi E. K. L. L. Y. Y. YUVOVOV.
Ukufa
Ngo-1893, iRubiinstein yaphulukana nonyana omncinci we-yakov atonovich, osweleke kwiminyaka engama-20. Ilahleko, ikhulelwe ngumkhuhlane onzulu, othathwe kutyelelo kwiDresden, i-Tresti yempilo yomdlali wepiyanisi.
Ukubuyela kwilizwe ngoMeyi 1894, uAnton Grigorievich wangena kulo msebenzi kwaye ekugqibeleni 'wagqiba' umncedisi. Oogqirha nezalamane zamcela ukuba atshintshe indlela yokuphila kwaye ahlawule ixesha lokuphumla, kodwa imvumi ayizange imamele nabani na.
Ngenxa yoko, ekupheleni kwekwindla, iRublestein yayihlala kwindawo ebanzi kwaye yaqala ukubandezeleka kwi-insomnia kunye nentlungu kwisandla sakhe sasekhohlo. Ngorhatya lukaNovemba 19, ipiyano ichithwe emva kwamakhadi kwinkampani yabahlobo kunye nabantu obathandayo, kwaye ebusuku wayenokuvunyelwa ukuba aphile ngaphambi kokufika koogqirha.
Ukuhlikihla kunye nokuhanjiswa kweoksijini akuzange kugcine imvumi enkulu, kunye nonobangela wokufa kwakhe ngoNovemba 20, 1894 yayiyindlela yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
Evekini, ibhokisi yomzimba yeRubinstein yayimi kwiholo ye-Pehoonesivaa Dacha, emva koko yathunyelwa kwiCatneredral yekomkhulu kwaye emva komngcwabo wangcwatywa amangcwaba eAlexander Nevsky Lavra.
Sebenza
- Ngo-1849-1850-DMIMMIRY DONSKOY
- I-1850 - ikhonsane yepiyano nge-orchestra. 1 mncinci
- I-1851 - i-symphony No. 2 ukuya kwi "ulwandle" olukhulu
- 1852 - "abazingeli baseSiberia"
- Ngo-1857 - Sonata ye-cello kunye nepiyano.
- I-1861 - "I-mermaid" (i-cantmata yedwa, ikwayala yasetyhini kunye ne-orchestra)
- I-1862 - "Fera Master"
- I-1869 - I-Syhoenic i-Proom "Ivan Garzny"
- Ngo-1871 - "Idemon"
- Ngo-1875-1876 - "Nero"
- I-1880 - "Kalashnikov Merchant"
- I-1884 - "Parrot"
- 1888 - "Gorusha"