Biography
Ibali le-knights yomfanekiso olusizi don Quixote laman kunye ne-squire yakhe ye-squire sancho yazalwa ngombulelo uMiguel de Cervandetes. Ngoku i-parody ye-parody ye-gerody yilitye lesikhumbuzo loncwadi lwehlabathi, kodwa ngaxeshanye le ncwadi yasebenza inkonzo efezekileyo kumbhali wakhe - uDesvanites walandela ukunyelisa kwaye esongela ukufa.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UMiguel Den seshontes wazalwa ngoSeptemba 29, 1547 kwiSixeko saseSpain saseSpain saseAlcala Da de siphume. Isifundo, nge-9 ka-Oktobha, kwiSanta Maria La Makare yeCawa yeParishi Maria La Makhulu.
"UMeguel, unyana Rodrigo de isebenza nenkosikazi yakhe i-Lego, yabhaptizwa; Abahloneli bakhe babenguJuan Rardo; Isiko laqhutywa li-revolome se-serrano.
Kuyimpazamo ukucinga ukuba igama elidumileyo uMiguel de Cervandetes Saoveaven Inkwenkwe ifunyenwe ngokuzalwa. Ngapha koko, i-teraverov ivele esele ikwiminyaka engaqhelekanga, ngokuqikelela, njengokubhekisa kwitayitile yeChilean Cormar, ukusuka apho kwenzeke khona inkonzo yenkonzo ye-gele.
Utata kaRodrigo, umntu ongokwemvelo waseGalicia, wasebenza njengophawu, "igazi". Kwityala lenkonzo, waya ethambo lelinye, wenza uluhlu lwegazi kwaye wazibandakanya "kwiimfuno ezincinci zonyango." Umama kaMiguel, uLeiguel de Cortinas - intombi yendoda yomtshato, eyayithengiswa emtshatweni ngo-1543.
Ukongeza kumbhali wexesha elizayo "Don Quixote", abantwana aba-6 bakhuliswa kwintsapho: uAndrea (1544 R.), uLouise (1546 R.), rodrigo (1554 g.) Kunye noJuan. Ezokugqibela, waziwa kuphela kuMntando kaBawo.
Kucingelwa ukuba ebuntwaneni, uMiguel wayehlala ehambisa ilizwe, emva koko wanika isikolo se-impiriar eMadrid - iZiko leMfundo le-Jesuit kumakhwenkwe. Kubungqina bale nto, kuya kubakho uphononongo lwe-laudary malunga nokulandelelana kweCawa yamaRoma Katolika kwi "Novella malunga nencoko phakathi kwezinja" ezivela "kwinoveli". Imbono eyahlukileyo - uMiguel wafunda kwiDyunivesithi yaseSalamanca. Kwaye enye, kwaye enye inguqulelo iyabuzwa.
Kwi-22, de Cervantes yahluma ngokunxulumene nomlo, kwaye esandleni sakhe safumana i-Antonio de Sumbra. Kuyatshiwo ukuba uloyiko lokubanjwa lubethelele uMiguel ukuba ashiye i-Spain yakhe. I-Itali yaba likhaya elitsha - ilizwe, elinobuhlobo kubantu abancinci abanebhayibhile.
IRoma de Cervaantes ifunyenwe ubuGcisa boBugcisa, uyilo, ixesha lokubonisa kwakhona. Kwimisebenzi yakhe yoncwadi, iingcali zayo zabona izingqinisiso kwi-Itali Folklore, i-parody yababhali besizwe abaninzi.
Inkonzo yezelizwe
Ngo-1570, uDe Cervaantes wabhaliswa kumbutho waseSpain waseSpain, uNcinciía de Marina, owayemi eNaples (emva koko isixeko sasiyintsimi yaseSpain). Inkomo kunyaka ongaphambi kokuba umfana abize emfazweni. NgoSeptemba 1571, uMiguel wahambahamba kwi-Patras's Bay, apho idabi labanjwa ngo-Oktobha 7 eDadano phakathi kweligi engcwele kunye noBukhosi be-Ottoman.
Xa kukho idabi, uMiguel de Cervantes walala efiva. Ngaphandle kwemeko yezempilo, lo mfana wacela ukuba amvumele alwe, athi angakufa ngenxa kaThixo nokumkani kunokuba ebeya kugutyungelwa ngamaqabane athile kwikhabhathi. Umbhali wexesha elizayo ufumene amanxeba amathathu emipu - zimbini esifubeni kunye nesandla sasekhohlo, ibhulethini yokugqibela yenze i-De Corvanters. Kumsebenzi wakhe wokuqala "Gallatia", ethetha impumelelo ekhawulezayo ", wabhala:
"Ndilahlekelwe kukuhamba kwesandla sasekhohlo kuzuko lwelungelo."Kwisiqingatha sonyaka sathatha i-de cervandetes ukuze iphinde ifumaneke, ngo-1572 wabuyela emgceni. Kwiminyaka emi-3 ezayo, le ndoda yayiseNaples, ngamanye amaxesha iqhuba ngeendlela zokuhamba kwiziqithi zaseCorfu nase-Navarino. UMiguel wabona imfazwe yeLa Gulelet, eyikomkhulu laseTunisia, kunye nokuwa kwale meko.
Ekuweni kwe-1575, de izifune zangehamba ngenqanawa ukusuka eNaples ukuya kwiBharilona kunye neeleta zokuvuma kukaKeng zaseSpain. Kubo, umphathi-mthethweni wababhargoqa wancoma ukubaluleka kwejoni kwaye wacela ukuphucula inkonzo. Ikamva eliyalele: Ngentsasa le-26 kaSeptemba 26, i-Cormairs ithathe inqanawa de isebenza kwibhotile.
Kwaye, ngokobungqina obuzayo, ngokobungqina obunye, umninawa wakhe uRodrigo wasiwa eAlgeria (emva koko embindini woBukhosi we-Ottoman) kwaye wabanjwa. Indoda yahlala ebukhobokeni kude kube ngu-1580, ama-4 ka-4 angaphumeleli ukubaleka. Ekugqibeleni, abazali bathenga inkululeko yoonyana bemali enkulu evela kwi-OTTAMAMS-Iileta ezikhutshwayo ukuya kwinkosi yaphakamisa imfuno yentloko ye-DeVentes.
Esi siqwenga sebhayiloji sikhankanywa rhoqo emsebenzini weVervantes. Kukholelwa ukuba kwibali lebanjwa le-Don Quixote, idlala "eAlgeria" kunye "nemigudu ka-Algeria" zingenakumchazela umntu owayengekho ebukhobokeni.
Umsebenzi
Ukukhululeka ekuthinjweni, uDe Cervianves wayehlala nabazali bakhe eMadrid. Ngeli xesha, wayesele eqalile ukubhala, kodwa, njengababhali abaninzi belo xesha, babengenako ukondla kwimirhumo. Uyilo kufuneka ludibane nomsebenzi oqhelekileyo.
E-Andalusia, uMiguel wasebenza njengearhente yokuthengwa kwempahla yeSpanish: Bendifuna amaxabiso amdaka, ibhotolo, ezinye iimveliso, emva koko zinikele ukuthenga kwiinqanawa. Nje ukuba ashiye imali ejolise ekugqityweni kwesikhephe esilandelayo, ibhanki. Yena, abe inqambi nesandla sakhe, achithe yonke into. Lo mbhali uchithe iinyanga ezininzi entolongweni. Ngokufanelekileyo, ukuqukumbela kunye nengcamango ye "don Quixote" ivela.
Emva kwexesha, uDe Cervandetes wasebenza njengomqokeleli werhafu kunye nomgcini zincwadi zemali. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusuka kwi-1610th ukuya kwi-1616th, indoda yayihlala kumhlala phantsi wasebukhosini, owenza ukuba asebenzise iincwadi ezijikeleze iwotshi.
Iincwadi
UDe Cervandetes wangena kwindlela eya encwadini xa wayeneminyaka engama-38. I-garut "Gatea" (1585) yabhalwa kuhlobo lweklasi ngexesha lakhe - inoveli lakhe. Umsebenzi wahlala ngaphandle kwengqwalaselo yeyona ndawo iphambili kuluntu, kwaye umbhali ngokwakhe akazange uvunyelwe ngu "umbono" ongenanto "wesampulu yokuqala yepeni.
Kwisigwebo sentolongo ukuya kwi-de cervandetes, esuka kwindalo yayihlekisa, umbono weza kubhala i-parody yeenoveli ze-knight, ithandwa kwinkulungwane ye-XID. I-Arstanta yadalwa umfanekiso weSalomde endala, efunda amabali malunga nezilolo esikrweleni, uthathe isigqibo sokuya kwihlabathi elikhangela le-Adventures.
I-don Don Doss Quixote kwilali yaseLa Manci ihamba kunye ne-antipode ye-antipode sancho pansa - i-peas elula esetyenziselwa ukujonga izinto. Kubalulekile ukuba afumane idokisi ethenjisiweyo kunye nesiqithi, ecima umniniyo engozini kwaye ecacisa ngendlela ebinexesha elifanelekileyo ukuba iimayile zomoya azizizo iidyokhwe.
I-prototype yothando iguqulwe i-Crazy Shopves Lope Dega, i-playfight, imisebenzi yayo yayingaphezulu kwencwadi yencwadi de idrafti. Ngasihlandlo sithile, imbongi, i-Cander ye-Autobiographical Autographical Thando, yaya kuhambo lwehlabathi ngenqanawa, iphosa umfazi nabantwana bayo. Kungatsho ukuba uMiguel akazange enze owona msebenzi mkhulu wegolide, kodwa wenza nomhlolokazi.
Inoveli malunga ne-knights yomfanekiso olusizi uphuma kwimithamo emibini: "Chit Roma Hidalgo Don" ngo-1605, "i-1605," kwi-1605, "kwi-1605," ngo-1615 Ukuqhubeka kwayo, endaweni yoko, into eyimfuneko: ngo-1614, impindezelo ethile, inobuntu obungakhange ivezwe, epapashiweyo inoveli yenoveli ". Umsebenzi wawubhekiswa kuxhomekeki kwiiCervanings.
Msgstr "" "UNDING Quixote" ngumrhumo omkhulu kwinkcubeko yehlabathi. UFerdo Dostoevsky obizwa ngokuba yiRoma De Cervandets "Owona msebenzi uphantsi wokucinga kwabantu." Kwakusenzweni don Quixote elazalwa sisicatshulwa esithi "ukugweba i-pudding, kuyafuneka ukungcamla," okuthetha ukuba yonke into itshekishwe.
UDe Cervandetes wayekholelwa ukuba iinoveli zakhe zifanele zibe zezikaspawer kunakwi-Italians, i-giovanni boccaccio beenoveli. Ngenxa yale nto, umbhali wadalela "iinoveli" (1613) - ingqokelela enamabali ayi-12. Kumbhali, umbhali usebenza njengomntu, unika amagorha enkululekweni nolonwabo. Abalinganiswa beza kwindawo efunekayo kwintuthumbo, kodwa uvuyo loloyiso lumnandi kakhulu.
Ekuqaleni kobomi bukaDe Cervandetes, ndaqamba inoveli yamaPershila nohambo lukaPerhilas noSikimusta, olwapapashwa emva kokusweleka kombhali, ngo-1617. Mhlawumbi, kulo msebenzi, uSpaniard wazama ukuxelisa i-washiede yaseGrisi yamaGrike.
Ubomi Buqu
Malunga nobomi bobuqu bukaMiguel de Cervantes uyazi kancinci. NgoDisemba 12, 1584, ibhinqa elineminyaka eli-19 ubudala i-Catalina Palalios de Salasar yaba ngumbhali waminyaka ingama-37 ubudala. Amantombazana aseDowry ancede isibini sexesha lokuba sikhona ngaphandle kwawo. Kwangelo xesha, uDe Cervandets wayenentombi exutywe nguIsabel evela kwi-NEA de Rojas. Ngokubhekisele kwiqabane eliselula, wayehlala ixesha elifutshane kwaye wawa ngasekupheleni kwe-1580s.Ukufa
Ngama-68-oneminyaka engama-68 ubudala uDe Ngokutsho kwezicelo zobungqina bale mihla, iswekile yohlobo lwe-II ezibangelwe ngurhulumente wesibindi iye yaba ngunobangela wokufa. Ezi zityeli zichaza ukunxanelwa okuqinileyo apho umbhali wakhalaza kule minyaka idlulileyo yobomi.
Ngokutsho kweTestamente nge-23 ka-Epreli, uDe Cervandetes wangcwatyelwa kwimonastery yeBosnutogiarians kwiziko leMadrid. Ngo-1673 ngexesha lokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwendawo engcwele yombhali, kunye nabanye abantu, babehliselwa kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, kwaye emva koko abanakufumana - ingcwaba alizange libenempawu.
Ngo-2014, abembi bezinto zakudala bafumanisa i-inkp apho abantu abayi-10 babephumle khona. Kungaphakathi kwi-Cover yenye yeebhokisi, ii-MS zokuqala zankqonkqozwa. Kwisiseko semifanekiso yombhali, amanxeba amathathu enkumbulo afunyenwe kwidabi eDongato, kwaye inyani yokuba kuphela amazinyo ama-6 ashiyekileyo ngumbhali "DONG Quixists", izazinzulu zigqibe kwelokuba zazikho ii-cervantes phambi kwabo . Nge-11 kaJuni ka-2015, bangcwatywa kwimonki ephantsi kwengcwaba lengcwaba le-Muguel De Cervandetes Saoveoverov.
I-Bibliography
- I-1585 - "Gallatia"
- I-1605 - "Cacisa i-Hidalgo Don Quixote laman"
- 1613 - "iinoveli ezihleweyo"
- 1614 - "Uhambo lokuya eParnass"
- I-1615 - "Inxalenye yesibini ye-kning knight don quixote evela kuLamanchi"
- I-1615 - "amaphenyana asibhozo kunye namachaphaza asibhozo, amatsha, akangeni kwinqanaba"
- 1617 - "Ubutewer wePeryl kunye neSikhismges"