Biography
Umbhali waseJapan Kobo Abe wayedume ngezalathi ze-faxitorical "umfazi kwiSands", "umntu" kunye "nobuso bolingane". Imisebenzi yombhali owayesebenza kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yamashumi amabini, yafumanisa uMfundi waseNtshona ihlabathi elithile lehlabathi elithile loncwadi lwamanzi anyukayo. Izicatshulwa zaseJapan azinakubizwa ngokuba zikonwabele: ziqwalaselwe kwi-connoisseurs ye-proses yokuqonda kwaye iphakamise imibuzo yefilosofi yomntu, ifumana intsingiselo yobukho bobukho kunye nokuziqonda ngokwabo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Classic yoncwadi yaseJapan yazalwa ngo-1924 kumantla eTokyo, kwingingqi ye China. Ngolwimi lwayo lwenkobe, igama lombhali kuvakala njenge-Kimifus, kwaye uKobo yindawo yokubiza amagama ngendlela yesithoba. I-Abebunts Abehla idluliselwe kuMhlaba oMbindi: eMukden, iphondo laseMancuria, inkwenkwe ifundile esikolweni de kwangowe-1940. Utata womntwana wayebandakanyeka kumayeza kwiYunivesithi yalo mzi. Inkcubeko yaseJapan yomfana iqalile ukujoyina xa wabuyela eTokyo ukuya kuphumelela kwisikolo saseShage. Emva koko umntu ophumeleleyo uthatha isigqibo sokuya emanyathelweni katata kwaye ufumane umsebenzi kagqirha eyunivesithi.
Kungatsho ukuba lo mfo ulikhule kwisithuba esiqingqiweyo: Impembelelo ngqo yase China, apho wayehlala khona, wayenza ixhaswe yimpembelelo yoncwadi lwehlabathi, umdla apho uKobo wagcina khona ubomi boKobo. Olona hlobo lubalaseleyo lwenziwa yiDolophu yaseRussia kunye nemibuzo 'yakhe ebiyiweyo' yokukhangela intsingiselo yobomi. Abagxeki baphinda baqaphele impembelelo eyenziwa nguFenar Dostoevsky noNikolai Gogol babenezabo emsebenzini wombhali waseJapan.
Emva kokuba efundile eyunivesithi iminyaka emi-3, umfana ubuye eManchuria naka ngo-1946 ukhathalayo utata. Kukho ixesha elinzima xa usapho luhlala lungaphandle komnini-mlilo, nangona kunjalo umbhali wexesha elizayo ubuyiselwe eyunivesithi kwaye ufumana iDiploma kagqirha ngo-1948. Nangona kunjalo, i-Kobo ekhethekileyo ye-kobo ayisebenzi naluphi na usuku. Ngelixa umfundi, umfana uqalisa i-bibyuli yokuyila, ukuqokelela kubetho ingqokelela "ingqokelela" engaziwayo. "
Iincwadi
Xa bebhale iinkumbulo zentanda-bulumko imibongo, umbhali umncinci kamva waguquka. Kwaye ayithathiwe ngamabali anjengee-novice ze-novice, kodwa kwangoko kwinoveli. Ngo-1947, i-Kobo iphelisa incwadi ethi "Iindonga zeClay" -imbali yeqhawe, eligqitywe ukuba liphule lonke uqhagamshelo noluntu, kodwa ekuthinjweni. Sele apha, umbhali we-novice uphakamisa imibuzo enzima malunga nokuba kukho inkululeko yokwenene nokuba inokwenzeka nakanye.
Umbhalo ka-Abe unikezelwe kutitshala osuka kwi-Sases kwiShady kunye nesikolo, kwaye, wachukumiseka kakhulu, unegalelo kupapasho lwesicatshulwa kwiimagazini zoncwadi. Emva koko, lo msebenzi uza kupapashwa ngu-papasho olwahlukileyo obizwa ngokuba yi "Preinter ekupheleni kwendlela". Emva kokuba efumene isahlulo sokuqala sikadumo, umbhali oselula ungena kubudlelwane bokuyila "ubusuku", kwaye ngo-1950 kudala eyakho - "inkulungwane".
Incwadi elandelayo "ngudonga", elibandakanya amabali aliqela kunye nebali ". Ulwaphulo-mthetho s. karma ", yanika imbasa ye-Akutagava yoLwazi yeAkutagava. Kule ntetho, iimpawu zesitayile sombhali sele kubonisiwe ngokucacileyo: Kungayinyani, ihlabathi likhulu, ihlabathi layo lizimemori ezinkulu ukunceda ekuqondeni umntu ovela kuluntu kunye nesizungu sehlabathi elikwehlabathi. Iqhawe la "iindonga" liya kuhluthwa igama emva kokuba ibe ngomnye umntu ojikelezileyo, emva koko. Kweli tshintsho kukho into efana ne "Guquka" yeFranz Kafa.
Ngeminyaka yee-1950s, uCobo Abe ubhala ibali aze adlene, abanye babo baba yimveliso kunye neefilimu. Kwimisebenzi yamaJapan, i-Dozen Finaker yanikezelwa, kunye nokuguquguquka komlawuli uHiroshi Tassigahara kuthathwa njengeyona iqaqambileyo. Umlawuli uthatha iinoveli "Imephu yomnye", "ubuso bomnye umntu", "umfazi kwiSands", umsebenzi wokugqibela uzisa amagama ama-2 eOscar.
Inoveli yesibini yombhali yayiyeyona nto ingumlo "wesine", kwaye ngembonakalo ngo-1962 "Abafazi baseSand" MaECO ABE ABE BABADALA UKUTHENGA IGAMA LESEBE LABOMI. Iqhawe lencwadi, ngokuchasene noYehova lityalwe emngxunyeni ukuze lisindise ilali ingalali isanti, izama ukuvukela le nkqubo. Apha, kwelinye icala, uqhanqalazo nxamnye nemoto yombuso, apho ubuntu sisikrelemqe kuphela, kwelinye - ukungcwaba ukuthanda kwakhe ubomi bakhe bonke.
Ukutshintshwa kwe-faeti kuyazixabisa umfazi okhohlakeleyo oba ngummelwane wesimilo. Ibonisa enye indlela kunye nenye intanda-bulumko yobomi, echaphazela indaleko yegorha kunye nesigqibo sokuba yamkele ekugqibeleni. Kwaye kumtya wenoveli oqhele uMbhali kwimbali yokunyamalala, esetyenziswa nguye kwaye kwimisebenzi elandelayo. Ukunyamalala njengokhululo lomda, xa unyamalala kwihlabathi eliqhelekileyo kwaye ubonakala komnye - enye yezihloko zentanda-bulumko oyintloko. Olunye luba lubomi nokufa.
Ukukhonza abantu kuyachaswa kwi-egossism kunye nomnqweno wokuchaza umbhalo "ubuso obungamganga", apho iqhawe, elifihlayo lolusu, uqonde ukuba libe yi-monster. I-Noveli ivula i-psynology ye-psychological, nayo ikwangenise "imephu etshisiweyo" kunye "nebhokisi yendoda". I-Coboo Abeo-Abeooobani na bahlala kwihlabathi elingenamsebenzi, elingangqubani neyokwenyani, kunye ne-upaxist nayo. Isithuba se-allegoni ikuvumela ukuba uveze impixokolo, apho ubuntu buzama ukoyisa ubulolo, ngaphandle kokuncama ubuntu.
Ukudalwa kombhali kumbhali 'ngumhla wemfihlo "-Iphelile ngo-1977. Ugqibezela i-bibliography yeNkosi yamaRoma amaRoma "angeniswe emkhombeni." I-Classic Classic yabhala yonke into ene-12 isebenza, kodwa uninzi lwazo lwangena kwi-Ofisi kaNondyebo woNcwadi lweHlabathi.
Ubomi Buqu
Malunga nobomi bobuqu beproseyini edumileyo. Umbhali wavuma ukuba uziva engatshatanga kwaye akabandezeleka ngenxa yoku, engaphawuli ukuba bonke abantu boyika ukuyivuma. Mhlawumbi wayengenabahlobo abasenyongweni, abafazi nabantwana. Umxholo wesizungu kunye nokuzimela komntu emhlabeni kwaba yimbindini emsebenzini wamaJapan. Ngenxa yoko, ngokuthetha ikowuteshini ye-Kobo Abe, "uncwadi lutyhila ubuso bombhali."Le ndoda yayihlala isikhundla esicacileyo sehlabathi, ukuba lilungu leqela lamaKomanisi laseJapan ngo-1950, kodwa kudana. Umbhali wenze ukugxekwa ngokungena kwemikhosi yaseSoviet eHungary ngo-1958 nango-1962 washiya uluhlu lwamaKomanisi.
I-Cobo ABE iququzelele iholo yemidlalo yegama lakhe elizisa igama lakhe. Iqela lalikho kangangesithuba seminyaka eli-10 kwaye lafaka imidlalo eyabhalwa nguMsunguli. Utyelelo lwepetroli lunandiphile impumelelo kwihlabathi liphela, kodwa eJapan, ububi babo baqatshelwa i-Avering Avee.
Imagazini yamaJapan yayingaphelelanga kuncwadi nakwimidlalo yeqonga: Wayekuthanda ukufota, umculo weklasikhi kunye neekhompyuter, waba ngumbhali wokuqala otyikitye imisebenzi yeprosesa yeHardware. Inyaniso enomdla - umntu othile wayesazi indlela yokudlala i-synthether kwaye wabhala umculo kwisixhobo seqonga lakhe.
Ukufa
I-Coboo Abe ayinakwenzeka ukuba ibizwe ngumntu odlalwayo. Ngaphandle kozuko lwababhali kunye nokwamkelwa kwehlabathi lonke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje umbhali waqhubeka nokukhokelela ngobomi obufihlakeleyo kwi-hakone nd. Le ndoda yaphepha iintatheli, kwaye zonke iintlobo zabantu bamanye amazwe, ezigxile kwimibhalo yoncwadi.
Ngo-1992, ii-masters zonyula ibhaso likaNobel kwicandelo loncwadi, kodwa yafumana umvuzo wembongi yeDerek Walcott kwiSiqithi saseCaribbean yeSt. Lucia. NgoDisemba wonyaka omnye, ukusebenza kwi-Wrist, Cobo Abe alahlekileyo. Ukubetha kwenzeka kwiprosesi, kwaye wasiwa esibhedlele kunye nembali ebanzi. Emva kokubuya esibhedlele, imeko yesigulana saqala ukonakala, kwaye ngoJanuwari 22, 1993, indoda eneminyaka engama-68 ubudala imisa intliziyo, eba ngunobangela wokufa.
I-Coboo Abe ithathwa njengeyona "Yuropoan" yababhali beJapan beseJapan. Ubuchule bakhe, kwelinye icala, busekwe kwimodeli ye-hieroglyphic yehlabathi yaseJapan ngobunzima bayo kunye nofuziselo, kwelinye, ilifa lefilosofi nenkcubeko yaseNtshona ivunwa.
Iikowuti
"Ewe, umsebenzi unceda umntu ukuba axolelane nexesha lokuqhuba, nokuba liqhuba ngaphandle kwesango lekhamera - le yeyona nto ikhumbuza umntu malunga nokuthinjwa. "" Umnqweno wokuba ngumbhali yeyona nto iqhelekileyo ye-egossism: umnqweno wokuba yidayisi kwaye ke ungazenzi kwi-popepets. "Awungekhe uyenze kwimvula Abantu abangabaziyo. "I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1947 - "pointer ekupheleni kwendlela"
- Ngo-1951 - "udonga"
- Ngo-1959 - "I-Ice yesine ye-Ice"
- Ngo-1962 - "Umfazi kwiSands"
- Ngo-1964 - "ubuso be-Allien"
- Ngo-1967- "njengomntu"
- Ngo-1967 - "Imephu etshisiweyo"
- Ngo-1973 - "ibhokisi yendoda"
- Ngo-1977 - "Umhla wemfihlo"
- Ngo-1984 - "wangena kwiTyeya"