Biography
Umbhali waseMelika uRobert Asprine uyaziwa kubalandeli unomdla emhlabeni wonke. Ukusuka phantsi kwepeni yepeni, iinoveli ezininzi zakhululwa, zidityaniswe kuluhlu. Eyona nto idumileyo yi "ngumjikelo wentsomi" ezinikezelwe kubuchule obukhulu kunye namaqabane akhe.
Imisebenzi ye-Aspin iphawuleka kwimvakalelo yokuhlekisa, i-inting ye-pynamism yeyelenqe kunye nemvelaphi yabalinganiswa. Ihlabathi eliyintsomi le-masters lizaliswe ziingxaki ze-rags kunye needragoni, kodwa zinokubona ngokulula icebo lokwenyani, eligcwele ziingxaki zentlalo kunye nokuchasana. I-Groverce Fentasce Mintusy ye-American engalindelekanga kwaye iminyaka engaphaya kweminyaka ayiphulukani nokuthandwa kwawo kumfundi.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
URobert Lynn Asprin ovela eMichigan, eUSA. Intsomi yesayensi yexesha elizayo ivele nge-28 kaJuni, ngo-1946 eSt John kwaye yayinengcambu yePhilippino-Irish. Utata kaDaniel wasebenza njengomqhubi, kwaye umama woMkhondo ophekiweyo efundiswe kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi. UBob wayenodade omncinci. Intsapho yafudukela kwiYunivesithi yaseArch yaseArch, apho ubuntwana nobutsha bombhali budlula khona. Ezemfundo yafika apho, nangona kunjalo, kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan wafunda kwiminyaka emi-2 kuphela - ukusuka ngo-1964 ukuya ku-1965.
Isibini esilandelayo, le ndoda ichithe imikhosi ye-US, apho wayekwimfazwe yeVietnam. Ukubuyela kwethu ekhaya, waba ngumqeshwa weNkampani "CEROX", apho wakhonza khona iminyaka eli-12 kwisebe le-Akhawuntingi. Ngeengokuhlwa, indoda iqala ukubhala amabali okuqala amnandi. Ukuzonwabisa akuthandayo yayikukuthatha inxaxheba kwindima kunye noluntu olubuyisela kwakhona. Apha iRobert idala eyalo i-CLAN, imbiza ngokuba yigadi enkulu emnyama kwaye ibhale iimfuno ze-Fandom iingoma, iBallads naseSaga.
Iincwadi
"I-Novel yokuqala" iimfazwe ezibandayo "ziphuma ngo-1977 zasuka zivela kwibali elifanayo. Incwadi ichaza imigaqo-nkqubo yokulwa imibutho yamashishini. I-Kanva Ibali lakhiwa phantsi kwemithetho yentsomi, kodwa izixhobo zokulwa nzima-ihlola, ukungcatshwa, ukubulala-kuhlala kunjalo nakwilizwe lokwenyani.
"Imfazwe ye-allevorical" Imfazwe ye-ZHOV kunye ne-Lizards ", ikhululwe kwiminyaka emi-2 kamva, imele imodeli yoluntu, apho zilawula khona izirhubuluzi kunye nezinambuzane. Olu hlabakala luhlala ngokwemithetho yemfazwe, kwaye ayinayo indawo yobuntu bokuyila. Wonke umntu kufuneka avelise imveliso esebenzayo yokusetyenziswa okanye ukubamba izakhono zedabi.
Umsebenzi wokuqala wokuqala, opapashwe ukusuka phantsi kwe-Aspin Aspin, waba ngumjikelo "wehlabathi lamasela", waqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970. Kwaye ukuba iimvavanyo zokuqala zibhalwe ngohlobo lwentsomi yesayensi, emva koko kuthotho malunga namasela, umculi ufumana i-MAGORD yeNkampani yeNkampani ye-fictus. Iincwadi ziba sisiqalo sesivumelwano esikhulu, apho abanye ababhali badityaniswa, kwaye ngenxa yoko, umjikelo ujika waba ngumsebenzi odibeneyo, apho uRobert wenza indima yomhleli. Olu ngcelele lubandakanya izicatshulwa ezinje "ezingenamagazini", "isipho sentengo yamaxabiso" kunye "nexabiso".
"Ilizwe lamasela" elindelekileyo impumelelo yorhwebo kunye nokufunda uthando, kuba inyani eyenzekileyo yayiyinto ephilayo, eyakhekileyo kwaye ikhuthaza ukubonakaliswa. Ngokusekwe kwi-anthologlogy, imidlalo yeBhodi yaphuhliswa, amahlakani atsalwa, kwaye amalungelo emimishini athengiswa emva ngo-2005, kodwa akukho nto yayivayo ngeprojekthi.
Intsomi yesayensi ivelisa izimvo ezininzi, kwaye ikhuphile ingabamthintela ekugxileni kwisihloko esinye. Mhlawumbi, ke, imisebenzi emininzi ibhaliwe ngabo babhali-ntsapho, xa oogxa abanceda emsebenzini ngeenkcukacha kunye neenkcukacha. Phakathi kwababhali abaye basebenza kunye naye i-Aspris kunye noJody Lynn Nai, Lynn Ebby, Linda Evans nabanye.
Uthando lwabalandeli luyayonwabela umjikelo malunga nomfundi we-Mugian Magian kunye ne-Demoni, owaba ngamaqhawe "yendalo" yendalo yonke, ibuhlungu kakhulu, engalindelekanga kunye nabalinganiswa abangalindelekanga. Olu ngcelele lubandakanya iincwadi ezili-19, kubandakanya "i-mif inyathelo", "Intsomi Engathandekiyo", "Abssical".
Ngo-1990, umbhali wavula inoveli ezihlekisayo kuhlobo lwentsomi yentsomi "jacoctskaya rota". I-adventures kaPartain Willard Jiltt kwaye iqela lakhe eliPhakamileyo lizinikele kwiincwadi ezi-6. Eminye imijikelezo ethandwayo - "Duncan kunye ne-Mallory", "ixesha le-Scouts" ("isikhululo").
Imisebenzi yenkosi kabini inoluhlu lwezinto ezinqabileyo zeYork Times, kwaye izukiswe ngeepremiyamu ezi-2 kwicandelo lentsomi yesayensi kunye ne-funtasy - "i-balrog". Kwizicatshulwa zombhali, akunakufumana iikowuti ezinzulu, kodwa i-gonnics yesakhiwo kunye nesilabhasi ye-Wigty yinto abatsalela kuyo umfundi unanamhla.
Ubomi Buqu
Indoda yayitshatile kabini. Iqabane lokuqala yayingumlingane kwiofisi ye "Xerox" Ann Brett, umtshato wabanjelwe ngo-1968. Abantwana ababini bazalelwa kwesi sibini - uAnnette noDaniel.
Umfazi wesibini uRobert Lynn eBbby uchithe umbhali wayo iminyaka emininzi. Badibana ngo-1976 eLuunacone - Intsomi yeSayensi eNew York, kunye 'kwiLizwe lamaGisa ", equka iincwadi ezili-12 zeProsaik. Eli bhinqa lalingaphantsi komyeni wakhe kangangeminyaka emi-2, labhala iinoveli kunye neemeko, nangona kumsebenzi wenkqubo kunye nomhlalutshelo wenkqubo. Umtshato wadlalwa ngo-1982.
Ngo-1993, kubomi buka-Asprina, esona siganeko sihle kakhulu - uqhawulo-mtshato nenkosikazi yakhe, eyayinoxolo, kodwa saphikisana. Umfazi utshatile wafudukela kwelinye ilizwe, kwaye uRobert waphila kwelona nkulungwane.
Ukufa
Ngokutsho kweMali yeqabane langaphambili, iminyaka yokugqibela yombhali yagutyungelwa ngumntu ongenampilo kwaye oqhelekileyo. U-Lynn Abby akakhange adibane noRobert ixesha elide, kodwa ujonge ifoto, ayinakuba ayazi kuba wayejongile kwaye ephukile.Ukusukela phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1990, intlekele ifikile kwintsomi yenyani: Wazilahla ubuchule kwaye wasungula imicimbi yakhe yezemali. Ukungafuni ukujongana nokufihlakala kwerhafu, umbhali uphelile kwimeko apho angakwaziyo ukufumana izinto ezihlaziyiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ekuhambeni kwexesha, iprose yaqala ukubhala kwakhona kwaye yafumana amandla okoyisa iingxaki ngotywala.
NgoAprili 2008, incwadi yokugqibela yapapashwa - "imidlalo yenarhan ', nangoMeyi 22, i-Aspina ayizange. Ngexesha lokufa, indoda yayingama-62. Ngokutsho kwabathandekayo, akukho nto ifanekisela iingxaki: URobert waqhubeka esebenza kwimibhalo yakhe yesandla kwindlu yakhe yasezulwini kwaye wayekwimeko engathandabuzekiyo. Phakathi kwezicwangciso ezikufutshane yayikukutyelela inkomfa ephambili yentsomi yesayensi kwiMarcon njengendwendwe ngokuchasene neyo. Unobangela wokufa ubizwa ngokuba sisifo sentliziyo. Umbhali ufunyenwe elele kwisofa ngencwadi ezandleni zakhe. Idutyuliweyo ye-furmacted, kuba wayenemchasi yeminyhadala yomngcwabo.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1977 - "iimfazwe ezibandayo ezibandayo"
- Ngo-1978 - "Enye intsomi ebalaseleyo"
- Ngo-1979 - "Imfazwe yeZhukov kunye neLizards"
- Ngo-1979 - "Umhlaba wamasela"
- Ngo-1980 - "amabali eTavern" slichrn ""
- Ngo-1980 - "Ubungakanani"
- Ngo-1982 - "Imifanekiso yento"
- Ngo-1983 - "IXESHA LOKWENZA
- Ngo-1984 - "Abantu Abantsomi"
- 1990 - "i-rota"
- 1992 - "Shot" Paradesi "
- Ngo-1995 - "Scouts yexesha"
- 2000 - "Ixesha le-rutters"
- Ngo-2008 - "i-dragon imidlalo"