Biography
Esona sixeko sikhulu se-USA - eNew York - sabemi abazizigidi ezingama-20, kunye ne-troy, i-hudson, i-albany kunye negama lomlambo i-Meavigator enye. Yaziwa njengomphandi wemimandla yamantla-ntle empuma yeMelika kunye neCanada yanamhlanje. Ukongeza emlanjeni, ukuzukisa iBritane enkulu yaseBritane, i-strait ne-bay, i-bay, isikali sezokugqibela sidlula kuLwandle lweBaltic. Ukuze unikelwe kwityala endizithandayo, uMrin Henry Hudson uhlawule ubomi bakhe nonyana wakhe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Ababhali-mbali kunye nabathandekayo beNavigator joke ukuba umlambo akasayi kubiza hudson, kodwa i-Hudson, ngenxa yokuba i-hudson ye-hudson, i-hudson ye-hudson, i-hostess yelo hlaselo kwiSitrato esiseBoker. Kodwa ukuguqulelwa kweRussia kuguquke iHenry hudson ukuya eHenry hudson.
I-biography yomphengululi sisiqingatha se-ova elivela kwiindawo ezimhlophe, ezingayothusi, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, uSir Henry wayehlala kwinkulungwane ye-XIGE. Kukholelwa ukuba wazalelwa eLondon ngoSeptemba 1570, kwaye indlela yaseSeigavia yayiqala ukubizwa.
Yayingoobani abazali baseHudson, ibali lithe cwaka, njengoko anguye kuphela losapho olusapho okanye elakhula kwiqela labazalwana noodade. Kuyathunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe: Ukususela ekuseni kakhulu kunye nakwiintsuku zakutshanje, ubomi bukaHelry banxulumana nolwandle. I-Jung Doros ukuya eKapteni, yafaka igama layo kwimbali yabahambi ngeeleta zegolide.
Uhambo kunye noPhando
Iminyaka eselula ka-Inzzon Coincheding ngokukhangela okusebenzayo kwabaseYurophu ngokuhamba eMelika ukusuka emantla kwi-arctic ye-Arctic ukuya e-Ania. Umqobo ongenakuthintelwa kwindlela ye-ciby yayingamaqhuqhuva kunye ne-ice bouds. Kodwa abaphezulu bayakholelwa ukuba ilanga, elingazange lisishiya isibhakabhaka samantla eenyanga ezi-3, sinyibilike i-ice, kunye nemilambo yamachibi kunye nemilambo ingena ngaphakathi kwi-Eamerican yendawo enokubakho kwi Ipacific Ocean.
Ngo-1607, emnyango wenkampani yokuthengisa yaseBritane, eyayinelungelo lokurhweba ngeRussia, i-37 i-37-oneminyaka engama-37 ubudala i-Henry Gudson ivele. Ishishini, elibizwa ngokuba yiNkampani yeMoscow, yenye yabambalwa abanokuqhayisa iidiploma zasebukhosini kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali oluqinileyo. U-Hudson uthe uyazi ukuba ufika njani eJapan, unciphise indlela kwi-North Pole.
ELondon, igama lomphathi alizange lithethe nto ngaloo nto, kodwa uSir Henry wayesazi indlela yokukholisa. Inkampani iphakamise isivumelwano esinesibindi esivela phantsi kokubonakaliswa kwayo kwangoko. Kodwa kwesi "ububele" weNkampani ziphela: I-Hudson ye-8-ton bary "ithemba" ("ithemba"), intle kakhulu kunxweme lwaseMntla Merika, kunye neqela labantu abayi-12.
Inqanawa ekhokelwa ngu hudzon, ngoMeyi 1607 idini eliphantsi elunxwemeni, kwaye phakathi kuJuni yafika kwiGreenland. Iveki yeHenry yathunyelwa ngaselunxwemeni, yaza yafikelela kwi-80 yedigri ye-50 ye-intanethi, yaguqukela empumalanga kwaye ukuphela kukaJuni wabona i-Svalbard Archiper. Emva kweeveki ezimbini, inqanawa yamiswa: I-ice shirms emnandi iqhuma ngaphambi kokuba kuphele. Embindini kaSeptemba, i-HOSWELLLL ibuyele kwi-niker yamadini akhe.
UHenry Hudson akazange avume ukungena okuyingozi: Ngentwasahlobo ye-1608 wakhokela 'ngethemba elilungileyo "kwakhona ehamba endleleni. Ngeli xesha umKapteni wayefuna indinyana kwimpuma-mpuma, ucwangcisa ukudlula emantla e-Eurasia. Emva kokuhamba kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-Epreli kwaye ukoyisa i-2.5 yamawaka eekhilomitha, ngoJulayi, inqanawa yafikelela kwi-roripelago emhlabeni omtsha. Kodwa phakathi kwehlobo, ice i-arctic ayizange ibuye. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, "ithemba elihle" okwesibini babuyela kwizibuko elinalo.
Inkampani yala ihambo yesithathu eyayinyanzelisa umphandi. Ke ngoko, kwi-1609th Sir Henry yatshintsha indawo yomsebenzi ngokuseta kwiNtaba ye-East India eneDatshi. Batshiswa nomnqweno wokungena kwinkqubo ye-Asia emfutshane, nge-Arctic. UHudson waphula imithetho yelizwe lakhe, ethintele abaphathi beBritani ukuba basebenze kwiinkampani zangaphandle. UHenry wagqiba kwelona nqanaba lixabisekileyo, kuba wayengakholelwa kwilizwe lakhe.
I-Britane ikhuphe inqanawa encinci "i-halve maen" ("i-crescent"), engafanelekanga ukuba i-hikes kwimozulu ye-arch. Inqanawa yasekhohlo ye-Amsterdam ye-Apripdam ye-Epreli kwaye izamile ukusuka emantla ukuya kubetha umhlaba omtsha. Iqela labasebenzi, behlala ebambeleleni, eRopal: Ukubhoboza umoya ngekhephu, kuqhubile igumbi ababehlala kuyo oomatiloshe. Umphathi wacebisa ngokutshintsha ikhosi ngokuguqukela kunxweme lwaseMelika: Apho uHudson wabalwa ukuba afumane indinyana kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki.
Embindini wehlobo, "I-Crescent" ifikelela kwi-Newfoundland, emva koko yahambahamba i-Nad Advance, apho umphandi wakhubeka kwichibi elibanzi, apho wakhawuleza waya emantla. Emva kokuba edlulile kuyo i-150 yeekhilomitha, uHenry Hudson ngoko akafumani indlela yokuphuma kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki.
I-valendla esiza ikwisimo sanyanzela umphathi kunye nabasebenzi ababuyela kwizibuko lezeminye. Endleleni eya e-Amsterdam Sir Henry wajonga eNgilane. Kodwa, ukuya eDartmouth, wawela kumgibe: I-Britane eyaphula umthetho yayinqatshelwe ukushiya ilizwe, isoyikisa inkundla kwinkampani yaseDatshi. Ukufundisisa ukuba inqanawa yeqela lenkampani enkulu, amaBritane ayaliwe.
Ngo-1610, amaDatshi aveze amalungelo okuvula i-Hudson emlonyeni woMlambo uMhlaba, ukuhlaliswa kwendawo yokuhlala apha. Kungekudala, ukuthengisa nabameli bezizwe zaseIndiya, izibhengezo kunye nezibuko zawo zatshintshwa zizifuba zikaBobrov kwizibuko. Kodwa, ukuqala ngezikhumba, yonke iSiqithi iphinde yahlangabeza sonke isiqithi sempahla eyahlukileyo. Ukuba siguqulela iindleko zeempahla zangoku amaxabiso akhoyo, iindleko zomhlaba ezifunyenweyo ze- $ 700. Impumelelo yentengiselwano ithi ixabiso lomhlaba wesiqithi saseManhattan namhlanje: $ 49 bhiliyoni
Ekuqaleni, isiDatshi kunye nomlambo, kunye nesi siqithi sibizwa ngokuba yiMannata. Ngexesha lexesha kunye nendawo yokuhamba, kunye noxinzelelo, kwaye umlambo wafumana igama leNavigator, kwaye esi siqithi saba nguMattan. Emva kwe-200, iJules verne ichazwe kwenye yeenoveli, uhambo lukaKapteni Gattera kwi-North Pole, kodwa ke lo msebenzi wawujongwa njengentsomi, ngenxa yokuba iphoso le-pole yahlala iphupha.
Iqhawe elikhathazekileyo le-gattera ye-gattera yaseGattera yaseGattera's Nortel enamandla angakhuselekanga, okufanayo nakumanyano eHudzon. Kwi-1610 yeLondon RedCarcation efakwe kwiphulo "lokufumanisa" ("ukuvula"). Umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuba umphathi ome okufanayo: ukufumana isicatshulwa kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki ukusuka emantla-ntshona. Indlela yenqanawa ifune ukutyhileka kwizibuko laseLondon ngo-Epreli, layaleka kwi-Greenland Coast. NgoJulayi, uHenry Hudson wenza igalelo kwisayensi, ukufumana ezo zinto zixineneyo, emva kwaye inqanawa yakhe yeya entshonalanga.
"Ukufunyanwa", ukoyisa i-triit, kwafumana i-spile. Kodwa andikwazanga ukufumana indinyana yamanzi ePasifiki. Namhlanje, ukujonga imephu, abantu bexesha elidlulileyo baya kuqiniseka ukuba akunakwenzeka ukufumana ukuphuma kulwandle, kuba akunjalo. Kodwa uSam Henry wafumanisa malunga nayo, ehlola i-bay. Lo msebenzi uthathe ixesha elininzi, inqanawa yalibaziseka kwaye yaguquka yaba ngumgibe. Iqela labasebenzi lafika elunxwemeni, laphula ubusika kufutshane neSiqithi seLabrador.
Iqela lasinda kubukhali ubusika, ngethemba lokuba kwintwasahlobo ukubuyela ekhaya. Kodwa umphathi wanyanzelisa ukuqhubeka kohambo. Kwabakho i-riot malunga nokufunyanwa.
Ubomi Buqu
Akukho lwazi malunga nobomi bobuqu beNavigator yeNavigator. Ubukho boNyana awawuthathayo kwi-Expedition icebiso kunye nobukho bomfazi. Kodwa ulwazi malunga naye kunye nentsapho kaHenry hudson ayizange igcinwe. Akukaziwa ukuba wayenabantwana, ngaphandle konyana ofikisayo, waphoswa ngumqeshi weqela elifunyenweyo ngaphezulu kweqela laza lafakwa ekufeni.Ukufa
Ehlotyeni lwe-1611, uHenry Hudson wabhengeza iqela, kunzima ukusinda ebusika kwaye liphupha lokubuyela kwizibuko, elinenjongo yokuqhubeka nokuhlola i-Bay. Abasebenzi bafuna ukubuyela eNgilani kwaye bala ukuthobela umphathi. I-Bunk yaphela iphela nguSir Henry kunye nonyana oneminyaka eli-15 kunye noomatiloshe aba-7 bafika emkhombeni kwaye bemkile elwandle. Kwakukufa okuthembekileyo kufa, kuba amalungiselelo awakanikanga. Ukufunyanwa kwabuyiselwa kwizibuko.
AmaNgqina okufa kukaHenry Menzon Hayi, kwaye malunga nonobangela wokufa kweNavigator kunokuqikelela kuphela. Ngokufanelekileyo, umphandi ononyana kunye namalungu athembekileyo eqela babulawa yindlala kunye nokubanda kwamanzi asentlabeni asentlango. Izixhobo ziye zahamba. Intlekele yaseHudson ephefumlele umkhami woMculi umbala kumfanekiso, ogama lingu "uhambo lokugqibela uHenry Hudzon."
Oko kwabonakala ngathi iBritane Navigator, inokubonwa kumzobo oqikelelweyo we-hudzon ukusuka kwi "Encyclopedia yembali yendalo iphela" yowe-1885. Kodwa i-biographir hudson - uThomas Javane - wabhala:
"Isibakala sokuba le ndoda iboniswe kwikhola ayisiyo hudson, unokuqiniseka."Izibakala ezinomdla ngobomi kunye nemisebenzi yeNavigators kamva. Kwindlela yophando kunye nezincoko zichaziwe ukuba umntu oHenry Green uGreen Green uye waba ngumnxeba wokuntywila ekufumaneni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba i-hudson yangaphambili ikhusele lo mntu kwindlu yakhe yeLondon, emva koko yamkela kwiqela, ivela kwinkampani.
Luhlaza elinethemba ngomsindo kwiCaptain ngenxa yeSurgopuka owasweleka uPungkar, owayeneentlobo. USir Henry Sertk akazange anikezele ukuba waba ngumqhinga wokugqibela womatiloshe, owayesele enamanzi "kwinqanawa". Xa isikhephe sine-Olungile, uNyana wakhe, umncedisi kumncedisi kunye nootiloshe baphosakele ekuqulunqeni, iqela lenqanawa labaleka layikhangela lokutya, sikholelwa ukuba umphathi wawufihlile. Kodwa kwikhabhathi yakhe kwabakho ikhulu lamakhulu amabini eedolophu, umgubo kunye nemibala yebhiya.
Oomatiloshe ababuyele eziblweni bazanywa: eBritani ngenxa yenqanawa, babesoyika ukubanjwa. Kodwa ngenxa yobungqina obudidekileyo babarhanelwa abakhutshwe kwinkululeko. Amagosa olawulo lokuqhuba kwisigqibo esibonisiweyo:
"Ukanti, kukho isizathu esithile sokucinga ukuba (semka enqanaweni) elunxwemeni ngokukhuselekileyo emgqomeni we-Gulf waseGames waseJames, iminyaka emininzi, kwada kwabakho ukufa kubo.I-Skeptics Fowunela le migca izame ukuzivavanya: Akukho mntu kwaye engapheli isikhephe okanye intsalela yaseHudson kunye nabahambi ngeenqanawa ezifunyenweyo.
Ukongeza kwiBritane, uMntla Merika yaphandwa ngu-Itali Kalot, iScot Alexander Mackenzie kunye ne-French Gacques Cardier. Impumelelo yabo yayibalulekile.
Imemori
- Igama le-hudson yindawo yolwandle i-Bay, ivuliwe yi-navigator.
- I-Hoodzonov yaba ngumnyango we-Arctic kuzo zonke iinqanawa ezibandakanyekayo ekukhangeleni ngendlela yasentshona-ntshona ukusuka kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki.
- Ukuhlonitshwa kweHenry Hudzon, ezinye izinto ezise-USA zibizwa ngokuba zibizwa ngokuba yi-USA, umlambo, i-Hudson County kwiNew Jersey, ibhulorho eNew York, isixeko eNew York.
- UHenry Hudson, kunye namanye amalungu abasebenzi abagxothiweyo kwinqanawa, wavela njengomlinganiswa emsebenzini weWashington "van vinkle".