Biography
I-American Poet Allen Ginzberg kunye noogxa bakhe kwi-Craft Jack jarouak kwaye uWilliam Berouz uthathwa njengomsunguli wesizukulwana esihle. Imisebenzi yakhe iphawulwa ziimvakalelo zonqulo-zindiso, inkululeko yokucinga, "inkululeko yezonobuthathaka". Iinqobo zokuziphatha, ezenziwe kumbongo we-ginzberg "ikhalela", ngo-1960 wanika impembelelo ekuphuhliseleni ubunyani baseMelika.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Irwin Allen Ginzberg yazalwa nge-3 kaJuni, 1926 eNewpark, eNew Jersey. Utata wakhe uLuis ginzberg, umYuda, wafundisa intanda-bulumko kwaye wabhala imibongo, kwaye umama kaNahomi wasebenza njengomfundisi wesikolo. Abantwana ababini bakhuliswa kusapho - i-Irwin kunye nomntakwabo ka-Eugene (1921 r.).
Umama wamakhwenkwe anengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, eyayibonakaliswa ngendlela yeparanoid. Ke, uNahomi wamangalela ukuba izixhobo zokubulala zifakwe endlwini. Mhlawumbi, uloyiko lwentshutshiso yezopolitiko yaqulunqa imvelaphi yeentlanganiso ezixhaphakileyo kunye namapheli amaphenyane kwiqela lamaKomanisi bamaKomanisi. Ukuqala ukusuka kwiminyaka eyi-7 ubudala, i-Irwin yaya kubo kunye nonina. Emva kwexesha, iinkumbulo zakhe zazenziwe kumbongo "Melika" (1956).
Nje ukuba uNahomi azamile ukuzisa ukusetyenziswa gadalala ngobomi, kwaye wabekwa kwisibhedlele sengqondo. "Ukuvalelwa" komfazi wayo yaba sisizathu sokuqhawula umtshato. Ngo-1950, uLouis wafumana uthando olutsha emntwini weencwadi ze-Edith Cohen, awayephila kulo iminyaka engama-26 ekufeni.
Amava okunxibelelana noMama ongazinzanga sele ephefumlelwe ngokubhala ngokubhala imisebenzi emibini eyintloko: "Ulila" (1961) kunye "noKaddish" (1961).
Ngo-1943, uGinzberg waphumelela kwisikolo sasempuma kwaye wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia kwicandelo lomthetho. Kunyaka wokuqala, uAllen wadibana nomfundi onesithuthuthu, umbhali wexesha elizayo uLurien Karra, owazisa naye kuKeroac kwaye warwit. Ulutsha luyenkene kuba ngamnye wabo wayenexhala ngekamva lolutsha lwaseMelika.
Indalo
UAllen Ginzberg wayedla njengelifa kwi-mesche engazinzanga, eyakhokelela kwisiqendu esingaqhelekanga, kodwa esiphambili kwi-bimography yembongi. Kanye, ukufunda ngokuvakalayo, uWilliam Blake kwindlu yakhe, umfana waliva ilizwi lakhe. Ekuqaleni, uGinzber wabanga ukuba uThixo wathetha naye, ke - ukuba yayigxekile. Ukuva ukuvalelwa okuhamba kunye nembongi kangangeentsuku ezininzi. UGinzberg wamvuma ngokufundisa ukuba abe lilizwi lesizukulwana esitsha kwaye waqala ukuqamba lo mbongo esithi "Ibila" - umsebenzi wakhe obalaseleyo.
Ukubhala i-psychelic, kodwa kuhle kwi-bit-Incwadi incede ukuxhomekeka kwe-ginzberg - ngoncedo lwezinto ezingavumelekanga, imbongi izamile ukubuyisela ilizwi likaBlake. Ngo-1949, indlela yokuphila ye-amoal yakhokelela ekubeninjwa ngenxa yobusela bemoto. Intengo yentolongo yajika i-ginzberg inyanzele unyango kwikliniki yengqondo, apho wadibana noCarmom uSolomon - Indoda Eza Emiselweyo 'kwilila. "
"Ukubhala" kubandakanya iinxalenye ezi-3. Kwi-ginzberg yokuqala, idilesi, oonongogo, abathandana kunye nabalingane bengqondo. Aba bantu, ababegqalwa njengenkunkuma yoluntu, ngo-1950s nowe-1960s, besenza esona sizukulwana, bafuna ukukhulula uluntu. I-ginzberg ibibiza ngokuba ziingcwele, zichazwa ngokweenkcukacha zabo ngokwesondo kunye ne-narcotic, eziya kuthi kamva zibe sisizathu sokuwavala umbongo.
Eyona ndlela iphambili yenxalenye yesibini yi-molor - isithixo, esimvusileyo abantwana. Kwi "I-Carch" Moloch nguMbutho weMfazwe ebandayo, ethiwe sisizukulwana esincinci sikaGinzberg. Imbongi igxeka abantu baseMelika banxanelwe imali kunye nobundlobongela, kwangaxeshanye abashumayela ngenkululeko yokuthetha, iingcinga nothando lwee-hipsters.
Inxalenye yokugqibela ngumhobe waseKarl, ongenatyala lowo msulwa, akafi, kwaye akafanele afe ngokundenza ngokunzulu kwingqondo. " Kwiivesi, i-ginzberg ibalisa ibali malunga nomhlobo wakhe, obandezeleka kuxinzelelo lwekliniki kwaye wayefuna ukuzibulala, kodwa hayi ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Ngesinye isihlandlo, uSolomon weza kwikliniki yengqondo kwaye wacela ukuba enze i-Lobotostomy - ikamva, eliqondwe ngunina waseGinzberg. I-Sanitare yasala, ukuhambisa endaweni yezinto ezininzi zonyango ukusuka kunyango ngokunyathela kwegumbi lokuvalwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvalelwe.
Okokuqala ngqa, i-Guinzberg yazisa "isikhalo" ukuya kwi-morades ngo-1955 ukufundwa kwigalari ezintandathu eSan Francisco. Olo suku lubonakalisiwe emsebenzini we-Jack Keroaca "DHMA TRAMPS". Ngokwentsomi yobugcisa ye-hipster, abaphulaphuli abahamba kunye nokufunda kuka-Inzzberg ngokutshayela ukukhangela izikhalo, kwaye ukusuka kwinqanaba elikhutshwe phantsi kwebhutyulo ye-bulky. Kwiinyanga ezi-6 emva kweziganeko, uAllen washiya ikowuteshini yekratshi kwidayari- "Ndiyimbongi enkulu yaseMelika," kwaye kamva makabe ngoyena mkhulu. "
Ngo-1957, kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva kokupapashwa "ukukhwaza", kwabakho iikopi ezingama-520 zabanjwa kwindlu yokuprinta eLondon. Kwangelo xesha, le ndoda yabanjwa eSan Francisco, eyathengisa lo mbongo kwigosa lamapolisa, kunye nomphathi wendlu yokupapasha isibane sedolophu saseLawrencettti. Bagwetywa ngokusasazwa kombongo 'ongamarhabaxa ".
Igunya elibuyiselayo eyona ncwadi ibalaseleyo yesizukulwana esikhulu kwizikhundla zemisebenzi yokubhalwa, yabeka phantsi ifilimu "I-Cartat" (2010). Indima ye-Allen Ginzberg yenza ukuba iJames Franco.
Ngokukhawuleza emva kwesiphumo esinetyala letyala, i-ginzberg yafudukela eParis. Ecaleni kwembongi yayinguMthandi Worlovski, i-Hipster Gregory Corso, William Garrow kunye nabanye. Kweli xesha linemveliso, i-Guinzberg yaqala ukubhala i-Epic Poem "I-Kaddish", iCordo equbethe "ibhombu" kunye "nomtshato", quare "ukusuka kwindinyana ezibhaliweyo ngaphambili.
Eyona mpembelelo iphambili ye-ginzberg ibisoloko ingumbono wokuba "probenaous prose" prose "jack keroaca" jack Keroaca, owathi uncwadi olo, obanga ukuba uncwadi luphele ngokusuka entliziyweni, ngaphandle kwezithintelo ezikhoyo. Imibongo yaseMelika yi-alloy yendawo yokuhlala, i-thando, i-jazz kunye neBuddhism. Inqaku lokugqibela lijongiwe ngokukhethekileyo kwingqokelela ye "Deiries zaseIndiya" kunye "Umzobo wesiTshayina" (1970), obhalwe phantsi kwembonakalo yohambo oluya eIndiya ngo-1962-1933.
Umsebenzi wamva nje we-binzberg, epapashwe ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe, yayingumbongo wentsimbi "(1973), nto leyo echaza indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu kuloliwe.
Ubomi Buqu
I-Allen Ginzberg yaqonda ukuba ifumane isifundo sakhe sesondo esingaqhelekanga ebomini bakhe. UGregory Corso waba ngumdla wokuqala wokuqalisa - imbongi kunye nomculi, omnye wabameli abaphambili besizukulwana esithile. UCordo, owayehleli entolongweni ngenxa yentolongo kangangeminyaka emi-3, eqonda ubufanasini, kodwa yena "waye" yindalo ", ngoko ke ulwalamano phakathi kwabantu abancinci aluzange lusebenze. UCorso noWinzberg bahlala zizihlobo ezininzi.Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNgo-1954, eSan Francisco Ginzberg badibana noPeter Orlovski, imbongi. Kubuhlanga bokuqala ngokuhlwa, amadoda afungayo ngothando olungapheliyo, olwalungakhange acinge ngokunyaniseka - bobabini bahlala betshintsha amaqabane. I-Orlovski ayizange icele ukuba ichithe ixesha kunye nabafazi abahambayo iGinzberg. Ngaphandle kuka "nenkululeko yesini", iimbongi zaphila kunye iminyaka engama-43, ukuya ekufeni kuka-Allen ngo-1997.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyUGinzberg wayethandana noLucien Carr, umqhubi wakhe kwiLizwe loNcwadi. Kwifilimu "Babulala Abantu Obathandayo" (2013) nkqu zibonisa ukwanga kweembongi ezenziwe nguDaniel Radcliffe naseDina Dekhana. Ebomini, ubudlelwane babantu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku: I-Carr yayibhekisa kwi-UNIDS efanayo emva ko-1944 waxhela umfani kaDavide Kamaryer.
Kubomi bobuqu baseGinzberg yayingabafazi. Kwanangaphambi komntu omaziyo nge-orlovski, wadibana noEliz Cohen, i-hipte ye-poetess. Enkosi kuye, ginzberg wadibana nombhali uCarm uSolomon.
Ukufa
Ngo-1960, uGinzberg wanyangwa kwisifo esishisayo. Kucingelwa ukuba ugqirha wasebenzisa inaliti engafakwanga, kwaye imbongi yasuleleka ngehepatitis. Ugonyo lwakhe lusenze buthathaka ngonaphakade. Wayecaphukisiwe yimeko yezempilo yokutshaya kunye ne-narcotic defeve. UAllen wazama ukuphinda ayeke imikhwa eyenzakalisayo, kodwa uxinzelelo luyanyanzelwa kwakhona ukuba uthathe icuba kunye nezinto ezinqatshelwe.
Ngeminyaka yee-1970, uGinzberg wagculela imivimbo emibini emincinci, ekhokelela kwi-bella gely-kwiifoto kamva inokubonwa ukuba kwelinye icala lemisipha yobuso "iqaqanjelwa", iAperofing.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNgo-1997, uAllen Ginzberg kwelinye kwaye okokugqibela ubuye esibhedlele, apho wayengaphumeleli ekusileleni entliziyweni. Kangangeentsuku, imbongi iguqukele kubahlobo, isitsho kakuhle. Ezinye iincoko zomnxeba, kubandakanya i-Actor Johnny Depp, zazibuhlungu kwaye ziphazanyiswe ziinyembezi, kunye namanye amaqabane, i-ginzberg enzondelelo.
I-ginzberg yasweleka nge-5 ka-Epreli, ngo-1997 ejikelezwe yintsapho kunye nabahlobo. Unobangela wokufa ngumhlaza wesibindi, otyhidiweyo kwi-hepatitis. Umzimba uyatshiswa, kwaye amasalela ahlulekile abe ngamalungu alinganayo. Isinye kwisithathu soMkhenkce senyuka kwicebo lentsapho eNewukela, phakathi kwamangcwaba oBawo kunye nomama wemveli. Inxalenye yesibini ye-Ash yayifanele ukuba ilala ecaleni kukaPeter Orlovski emva kokuba efile, okwenzekileyo ngo-2010. Isithathu esisaseleyo singcwatyelwe eIndiya.
Iikowuti
"NDICINGA, nasemva kwexesha, abantu baya khumbula imigca emininzi kaBob Dilan, ezinye izityholo zikaJohn Lennon. Kodwa phantse yonke imibongo yemfundo iya kulityalwa. "" Sifungile ukuba sibekho ngako, ingqondo yam nayo yonke into endandaziyo, kwaye nayo yonke into awayeyazi nomzimba wakhe; kwaye ukuze sizinike omnye komnye ukuze sibe nomhlobo njengepropathi, kwaye wenze yonke into efunekayo, ngesondo okanye ngokwengqondo, kwaye sifikelele kwi-Mystical "X" apho imiphefumlo yethu inayo ndidityanisiwe ... "." Ndonwabile ngento endiyiphefumlayo. "I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1956 - "ukucelela"
- Ngo-1961 - "Kaddish"
- Ngo-1961 - "isibuko esingenanto: imibongo yokuqala"
- Ngo-1963 - "Inyani yeSandwich"
- Ngo-1968 - "Iindaba zePlanethi"
- Ngo-1970 - "Iidayari zaseIndiya"
- Ngo-1972 - "Isango leGitata: Imibongo 1948-1951"
- Ngo-1973 - "Ukuhamba kwe-Melika: Iivesi zala mazwe"
- Ngo-1973 - "Ihashe lentsimbi"
- Ngo-1978 - "Ukuphefumla kwengqondo"
- Ngo-1981 - "UPlinonic Oda: Imibongo 1977-1980"
- Ngo-1986 - "Imithombo emhlophe ye-Drowbyby: 1980-1985"
- Ngo-1994 - "I-Cosmopolitan Yamkela Imibongo: 1986-1993"
- Ngo-1996 - "Iivesi eziKhanya"
- Ngo-1999 - "Ukufa nozuko: Iivesi 1993-1997"