Biography
I-Rography Biography Robert Scott Tragic. NgoJanuwari 1912, uhambo "Terra Nova" wafika kwindawo yendawo, ngaphambili akazange asetyenziswe kwimephu yehlabathi, - isiseko esisezantsi. Abaphandi sele befumene isihloko sabantu, xa saziwa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwe-Anundsegi yaseNorway kwafikelelwa yinjongo. Iqela le-Scott libulewe yi-genive kwi-wind yakhe, kodwa basilela ukufikelela - bonke bafa endleleni kubabanda, indlala, ukungakhathali ngokwasemzimbeni nangokuziphatha.Ubuntwana noLutsha
URobert Favon Scott wazalwa nge-6 kaJuni, malunga no-1868 kwindawo yedatha ye-Naval Devort eNgilani. Ungumfana wokuqala kusapho lukaYohane Edward noHana (eMainn Caming). Lilonke, abantwana abayi-7 bakhuliswa entsatsheni, uRobert ngowesithathu ngokulandelelana. Abantwana bondla i-bowery, bafunyanwa yintloko yentsapho evela kuBawo.
Ikamva likaRobert lalizimisele ngaphambi kokuba ibonakale ngayo ngaphandle kokukhanya - njengotatomkhulu wakhe kunye nabantakwabo noyise, kwafuneka ukuba akhonze kwizithuthi. Inkwenkwe eneminyaka emi-4 iqulunqe izakhiwo zeSayensi yoSuku, emva koko wangena kwisikolo saseSubbington e-Hampshire, apho babelungiselela i-Cadets kwinqanawa ye-HMS Britannia This. Ngo-1881, oneminyaka eli-13 ubudala uScott waqalisa umsebenzi weNaval.
NgoJuni 1883, uRobert washiya inqanawa yemfundo kwinqanaba le-michman (xa kuthelekiswa nemikhosi yomhlaba - i-Ensign). Ngo-Okthobha, wayesendleleni eya eMzantsi Afrika ukuze ajoyine i-HMS BOADICEA-Eyokuqala kwiinqanawa ezininzi, apho iScott yakwazi ukukhonza uMichman.
Kanye kwiBhodi ye-HMS, i-navigator yexesha elizayo yadibana neMarkem Markem, uNobhala woluntu lwasebukhosini. Lo ngumntu odlale indima ebalulekileyo kwi-biography ye-Scogt, obonise umhlaba wolwandle nophando olwenziwe nguMikman oselula.
UMarkem Grezil umbono wokuqokelela iqela lamagosa aselula kwaye ubathumele kuhambo kwi-polar isangqa. I-Scott ikwazile ukufumana inani labafana abanomdla kwi-geographer kuloo nto nge-1 kaMatshi ngo-Matshi 1, 1887 waphumelela ugqatso kwizikhephe phakathi kweCadet, umntu okhupha izinto ezizeleyo. Kunyaka emva koko, uScott waba mncinci, omnye unyaka-uLieutenant. Ngo-1893, wagqiba ikhosi kwiTurpedoing kwi-HMS Vernon.
Ngo-1894, usapho lukaRobert lwalusemodeli eyahlukileyo. Utata uthengise i-bowwery, wafumana ipeni kumanye amaxesha ngamashishini. Emva kweminyaka emi-3, uJohn Scott wasweleka. Umhlolokazi kunye neentombi zakhe ezimbini ezingatshatanga zathunyelwa kumvuzo weRobert kunye nomntakwabo omncinci noovimba. Ngo-1898, owesibini wasweleka (unobangela wokufa - isisu esiswini), kwaye uxanduva lwezemali losapho lalele ngokupheleleyo emagxeni omnatha.
Ukususela ngoku, iScott icinge kuphela malunga nokukhuthaza, eqinisekiswe ingeniso eyongezelelweyo. Kwithuba lokukhula kwamakhondo omsebenzi lalilinganiselwe. NgoJuni 1899, ukuba sekhefini eLondon, uRobert wadibana neMarkem, ngoku i-Knight nomongameli woluntu lwasebukhosini. Le ndoda yathetha malunga nohambo olucwangcisiweyo kwi-polar isangqa kwaye wanika iScott ukuba ikhulule. Nge-11 kaJuni kuvunyelwene.
Uhambo kunye noPhando
Ukukhutshwa "Ukufunyanwa" - iprojekthi edibeneyo yoluntu lwasebukhosini lwendawo kunye neLondon Royal Society yokuphuhliswa kolwazi lwendalo. Eli qela lalinokuba livela kumatheko omkhosi wenqanawa, njengoko uMarket wayenqwenela. I-London Society inyanzelise ukuba isazivezi kufuneka sikhokele ekuhambeni, kunye nomkhosi - kuphela ukuba silawule inqanawa. Nangona kunjalo, i-blanche kunye nesihloko somphathi wasifumana ngokuchanekileyo.
Inyaniso enomdla: Usuku olungaphambi kokumkani wase-Edward VII, ebonisa umdla wokufunyanwa, watyelela inqanawa. Njengesipho, wenza i-scott enelungu le-Royal Virtorian. I-cadet yangaphambili yaya kwindlela ye-knight.
Nge-6 ka-Agasti, ngo-1901, ukufunyanwa kwasekwa ikhosi kwiAntarctica. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba akukho malungu angama-50 abasebenzi, kubandakanya nomphathi we-Scott, wayengenazo imibono yokuqubha kumanzi emkhenkce kwaye yeyiphi umhlaba oza kuyehla. NgoMatshi 11, 1902, ukungalungisi kweqela kukhokelele ekufeni komnye wabaphandi - watyibilika enzonzobileni.
Ukukhutshwa "ekufumaneni" iinjongo zesayensi kunye nophando. Elokugqibela kwaquka uhambo olude ukuya kwiPole esemazantsi. I-Marsh Pelt, eyenziwa nguScott, uErnest Sheklton no-Edward Wilson, igcwele i-850 km ukusuka kwindawo esemazantsi. Endleleni ebuyayo, imikhosi yaseSheklton yayikumda, kwaye wayephakathi kwamalungu eqela ali-10 phambi kweshedyuli ebuya eNgilane.
Kuyatshiwo ukuba imbambano yomphathi iye yaba sisizathu sokwenyani sokuphinda-phinda iSheklton: I-Chemed Scott yayingafuni ukwahlulahlula izilumkiso. Kunyaka wesibini, ukukhutshwa "ekufumaneni" ukufunyanwa "kwenza impumelelo- kwavula iPlata yePotelau, edlula ngaphezulu kwe-400 km kwi pole. Kwidayari Scott yabhala:
"Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukukhanya kwemozulu engaqhelekanga kunye nobunye ubunzima, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungapheleli: Sele sifikelele kwezona zinto zininzi."Kuthathe iinqanawa ezimbini zokuhlangula kunye neziqhushumbisi zokukhulula "ukufunyanwa" kumkhenkce. Inqanawa yaphosa ibala, inyamezele ngamanzi anzulu, kodwa ngoSeptemba 1904, amalungu abasebenzi ababuyela eNgilani. I-Scott, njengentloko yohambo, yanikwa amabhaso amaninzi kunye neembasa ezininzi, kubandakanya uEdward VII kwi-Ofisi yoMyalelo weVictoria eVictoria orcimian. Kwimifanekiso kamva, isifuba somhambi, sihombisa zombini ii-odolo zeVictorian.
Ebutsheni be-1906, uScott wabuza uluntu lwasebukhosini lwendawo ekuxhaseni ukuphinda iphinde ixhase kwakhona ilizwe. Yajika i-Sheklton sele icwangcise uhambo. Wayefuna ukuthumela iqela ngesiseko seMcMordo, ethi ngo-1901st sahlulahlula abathathi-nxaxheba bokufunyanwa.
I-Scott kwiileta zikaSheklton zavuma ukuba intsimi ejikeleze iMc Reullso yeyakhe, kwaye ke umphenguli kufuneka afumane enye indawo ukuba iyeke. Ixhaswa ngumphathi kunye neqela ". Ngenxa yoko, uSheklton wavuma ukuya kwicala elingasempuma, hayi kwiNtshona-Ntshona iQela leScott.
Ukufika eAntarctica, umhambi waqonda ukuba akukho ndawo yokwaphula inkampu, kwaye wazinza kumhlaba weMcmordo. Izenzo zakhe zayigxeka ngokunzulu uluntu lwasebukhosini. Abo bacinga ukuba uShekdelson akazange akhethe.
Ngo-1909, uSheklton, ngaphandle kokufikelela kwiinjongo ze-180 kuphela i-180 kuphela km, ebuyele eNgilani. Emva koko i-Scott, ukulibala ngobomi bakhe bobuqu kunye nomntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa, waqala ukucwangcisa iphulo lakhe kwinqanawa "Tera Nova". Umhambi wabeka phambi kwakhe umsebenzi "ukufezekisa i-Pole esemazantsi kunye nokubonelela ngobukumkani baseBritane ukuba baqhubele le mpumelelo." UMarkem wathi crarade yakhe "ulunyule i-Mania ye-Mania."
Eli xesha i-Scott lasondela amalungiselelo onke. Uthenge izinja kunye neepnies, kunye ne-analogue yeqhwa. Indawo yokuhlala yasebukhosini neLondon ayizange ithathe inxaxheba kwintlangano yokuphuma, kwaye inqanawa yabonelelwa ngenkcitho yemali yabucala neminikelo.
Nge-15 kaJuni, 1910, inqanawa "Terra Nova" yahamba ngesikhombisi seWales, ifakwe 'kwiPolari ": IPole yaseMazantsi": I-South Pole yayihlala kuphela kwindawo yemephu yehlabathi. IsiFrentshi, amaJapan, amaJamani, amaBelgians, amaBelgians, ababandakanyiwe kukhuphiswano lwenzululwazi, kodwa nguNorwegian Rulia Anulia Anullia wamela isoyikiso. Ngo-Okthobha 1910, uScott wafumana i-telegraph:
"Ndinembeko yokwazisa:" I-fram "iya eAntarctica. I-Anundsen "(" FRAM "- Schogian Scholonker, Yenzelwe ngokukodwa kuphando lwezenzululwazi).Ukufika kwilizwekazi, iqela le-Scott lafumanisa ukuba i-Anundsen ixabisa i-100 km isondele kwiPole. Unemikhosi yezinja ezinganyangekiyo, kwaye ipony ene "Terra Nova" ayizange ichaze umthwalo. Kodwa uScott akazange aphulukane nobukho boMoya, nge-2 ka-Agasti ka-1911 ngokubhala kwidayari:
"Ndiqinisekile: Sisondele kwinjongo, ngaphezulu kunangaphambili."
UScott uthathe isigqibo sokwahlulahlula iqela laba ngamaqela ama-3. I-Auxilias ezimbini ifanele ibe sezinja, iiponies kunye neyakhawuleza ukuqhubela phambili ukulungiselela imizobo yokutya ngeenjongo zokufikelela kwiPole esemazantsi. Ukuphosa i-pole yayikukuwenzela i-Scot, u-Edward Wilson, u-Orrence Evans kunye noHenry Bawe (nangona iimveliso ezikwisigulo zibaliwe kwisine).
NgoJanuwari 4, 1912, iqela le-Scott lahambela phambili. Kwindawo ethe tyaba yayingeyonto ibonakalayo ye-Anundsen. Kumgama we-32 km, abahambi babona ukulandela inja kwaye, begweba ngokubhala kwidayari yaseScott, "bayiqonda yonke into: amaNquba phambili afikelela kwingxowa." I-Britane yoyisa isukelo lwabo nge-17 kaJanuwari, kwiintsuku ezingama-34 kamva iqela le-Anundsen. Kwangelo xesha, ophumeleleyo washiya inqaku ngesicelo sokunika ingxelo malunga nokufezekisa inkosi yaseNorway, ukuba abahambi bafumana ukufa kwindlela ebuyayo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1907, iRobert Scott, sele idume, yadibana neKatlin Bruce, scolptor kwisidlo sangokuhlwa sabucala. Umhambi wayekude ne-fan kuphela.
Khange kube negalelo kuphuhliso lobudlelwane kunye nephulo lolwandle lwaseScott. Nangona kunjalo, ngoSeptemba 2, 1908, uBruce waba ngumfazi wakhe. Kunyaka kamva, ngoSeptemba 14, 1909, amaqabane azalwa kuphela konyana kuphela kuphela uPeter Sketm Scott.
Ukufa
NgoJanuwari 18, 1912, iqela le-Scott labuyela kwindlela ebuyayo. Nge-17 kaFebrun, uEvans wasweleka, abanye bebesele behlelwa yindlala, ubumfama bekhephu kunye nokudinwa ngokwasemzimbeni. Ngomhla we-15 ku-Matshi 15, i-UTOS, ongenakuqhubeka indlela ngenxa yeflosti yemilenze, ngokuzithandela enganxibanga zihlangu endle. Umzimba wakhe awuyifumana.
Ngomhla we-21 kaMatshi kunye neekhilomitha ezimbini ezivela kwinkampu elandelayo. Indlela yavalwa nguBuran. I-therizon ayizange ibonakale i-harness yenja, eyavunywa kwangaphambili, yayiza kuthumela kubaphandi.
Ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesibhozo ku-Matshi, i-terra entsha yorhwebo yenze ukungena kokugqibela kwidayari:
"Siya kunyamezela kude kube sekupheleni, kodwa sibuthathaka, nokufa, kunjalo, sisondele. Yimfesane, kodwa andicingi ukuba ndingabhala okwangoku. "
Ngemini enye okanye ngoMatshi 30, 1912, uScott wasweleka, mhlawumbi okokugqibela - ezandleni zakhe bafumana amanye amanqanaba amanye amalungu eqela. Imizimba efumaneka ngoNovemba 12 kunyaka omnye.
Indawo yeqela lokugqibela lenkampu "terra nova" yayiyingcwaba le-Scott kunye namaqabane akhe. Ngoku kukho umnqamlezo phezu kwayo ngamagama abafi kunye nomgca ovela kumbongo we-Alfred Tennin "Ulysses":
"Yilwa kwaye ujongeFumana kwaye unganikezeli. "
Imemori
Xa iindaba zokufa kukaRobert Scott beza eNgilane, umhambi wabhengeza iqhawe lesizwe. Malunga ne-18 lamawaka abemi beza kuthandaza, umbutho wahlisela iiflegi.
Kwisithuba seminyaka eli-10 emva kwentlekele, kuphela e-UK kwizikhumbuzo ezingaphezu kwama-30 kuye kwaphelelwa yiScott kunye neqela lakhe. ICambridge ineziko lophando elali-polar elibizwa emva kweScott. Ukuzukisa umhambi, i-asteroid, i-checkers ezimbini, i-crater kwi-pole esemazantsi eNyanga, kwaye ikwayinxalenye ye-United States kwi-South Scole, igama elithi "i-Anundsen - Scott" .
Kuyamangalisa ukuba, i-filt enye kuphela "i-Scott esuka kwiAntarctic" (1948) kunye noluhlu olunye "emhlabeni" (1985) zasuswa ngokwembali enkulu. Ngo-2013, ukudubula kwefilimu "ugqatso kwiPole yaseMazantsi" yamiswa nge-cagy gromeck njengeScott.