Biography
Kwimbali yeHlabathi, ukumkanikazi wokuqala waseSpain Isabella I-Istilskaya ishiye umkhondo njengomlawuli onempembelelo, ogqwesileyo nomlawuli onzima. Walawula ilizwe ngoTandem nenkosikazi yakhe uFerdinand Aragon, ngenxa yoko le nto yabizwa ngokuba yiBhodi yookumkani. Eli xesha liphawulwe linani lotshintsho kunye nezinto ezintsha ezibaluleke ngokubaluleka kwehlabathi.
Okokuqala, amaqabane e-Spain, esenza umtshato onobukroti. Ukuba ngumKatolika onenzondelelo, uIsabella womeleza i-Spanition yaseSpain ukwenzela ukomeleza ubunyulu benkolo yamaKatolika, ukuqhuba amawaka amawaka angaphandle kweli lizwe. Inkosikazi yamabhongo isikelela ngokusasazwa kweChristopher Columbus ijikeleze umhlaba, kwaye ukuvulwa kwelizwekazi laseMelika yayikukuqalisa kobukumkani kumazwe amatsha de kube phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-XID.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Isabella I-Isvissaya wazalwa ngo-Epreli 22, 1451. Utata-Juan II, Kumkani wase-Ballile, umama u-Isabla Portuguese avela kwi-Aviane Debyty, eyayimi kwitrone ye-tethouguese kwinkulungwane ye-XIV. Wayeneminyaka eli-19 ubudala xa umhlolokazi oneminyaka engama-42 oneminyaka engama-42 oneminyaka engama-42 omhlolokazi wawuthatha umfazi wayo.
Ukuzalwa kuka-Isabella wabeka phantsi impilo yentliziyo. Ndifumana uxinzelelo lwe-postPartum, wakhwaza kwaye ehedy. Ngo-1453, ukumkanikazi wazala i-Huan II Yo unyana Alfonso. Kodwa unkosikazi akanaxesha lokuvuya ngenxa yendlalifa elincinci, ngelo xesha wayenxibe impilo, ezweni emva koko wasweleka.
Ukusweleka kweqabane inyama yanyamalala i-Isabla Portuguese ukuya kwimeko ye-melancholy emnyama. Olona nyana lusindayo kaJuan II weza kwiRostilinian I-Creastian Frone Umtshato wokuqala e-Enrique IV waqukumbela umthendeleko obantwana - uIsabella noAlfonso-Arrowalo Covenele.
Ubuntwana boKumkanikazi bexesha elizayo ngaphambili babanjwe apha. Ufumene ukhule kunye nemfundo ebeka kuwo onke amantombazana alolo xesha. Umntu oselula ufundise idiploma ye-SINTNARE, inaliti, ukuthobela izithethe zonqulo. Intombazana eyonakalisayo yehlabathi ithandwayo yokufumana amanqaku kwikona emnyama yethala leencwadi kwaye ufunde iincwadi kwimibhalo yabantu abaninzi abantu abakhulu.
Kwiminyaka eli-10 eyekile ukuba kufutshane. I-Alfonso yathetha nokudakumba kukamama kwaye yazisa enkundleni. Isisombululo esinjalo sasichaziwe yimvelaphi yezopolitiko. UKumkani uEnrique, ngaphandle komtshato wesibini, wayesele engenamntwana, kuba abantu babengenantsingiselo. Kuyinyani, okwesibini iqabane lesibini iqabane laseJuan Portuguese lazala intombi kaHuan, kodwa ngenxa yokunxibelelana nokumkanikazi kunye ne-Aristocral yaseBeltera De La Cueva, ngokungapheliyo uJuan Beltrane.
Ukungabikho kwendlalifa ethe ngqo, eyakhe yanyanzela ukuba inkosi ingekuko ngaphandle kokunceda indlalifa kumntakwabo omncinci kuBawo Alfonso. U-Enrique wacwangcisa ukutshata kwintombazana yakhe uJuan, kodwa i-alfonso ibuhlungu iyafa kwiminyaka eli-14. Ekuphela kwenzala yeJuan II ihlala i-Isabla.
Ukhula ngokuhlonela uThixo uThixo kwaye uvaliwe, ufunda kakhulu, uchitha ixesha emithandazweni nangamaphupha obuntu obuqu. Ubuchule bezopolitiko bungakhathazeki, kwaye u-Isabla uyala ukuveza amalungelo kwitrone.
Kuba yena efumana ihlo. Ngo-1468, xa i-Isabelle yayineminyaka eli-17 ubudala, wabhengeza i-heress yetrone yaseCastilian, eyakhiwa inkosazana yenkosazana. Ulondolozo lomntakwabo lomkhulula endala kwinkosikazi ezayo wayethetha ukuba kufuneka avumelane nomtshato wakhe. UIsabella wayegadwe kwaye, egadwe e-Enrique, ngokufihlakeleyo utshatile iPrince Ferdinand Aragon.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukusuka ecaleni, umtshato onjalo ubonakala usenziwa luthando kwaye unxibe indalo yothando. Nangona kunjalo, ukugweba ngento yokuba uMtshakazi nomtshakazi baqala ukudibana kwiVallanga, lo mtshato wawukhethekileyo kwizilangazelelo zezopolitiko.
UKing Aragon-uTata uFerdinanda-wabona ngalo mbono ukuba adibane ne-Ballsle. Kwaye u-Isabella yakhe ngokwakhe, engafuni ukuba ngumlingi weqabane elinamava kwezopolitiko (yayingabaviwa bam omnika umtshato kunye nomntakwabo wesibini - nenkosana yokuhlala eNiles, Beka imithetho yelizwe kwaye ungathathi nasiphi na isisombululo ngaphandle kolwazi lokumkanikazi.
Umtshato oyimfihlo wagqitywa nge-19 ka-Okthobha, 1469. I-ferdinand's resinand yayikufanele ukuba ifumane i-incognito, ifuduselwe ngabathengisi, uIsabella washiya ibhotwe elivela kwibhotwe eliphantsi kolwandiso lokutyelela umama ogulayo.
YEZIGANEKO Chaza umzobo womtshakazi oselula: Amehlo aluhlaza-luhlaza-golide kunye nolusu olumhlophe, umzimba awuhlukile kubuchwephesha kunye nobabalo. UIsabella waye ngaphezu kweqabane lakho. UFerdinand, ukuba ungaphantsi komfazi wakhe ngonyaka, ugqibelele kuye: Mnyama njengabalusizi smt, ulusu olumnyama, amehlo amdaka. Indoda ebhengezelweyo, wayenabo abantwana aba-2 abangekho mthethweni ngaphambi komtshato, wayebolekwe emtshatweni noIsabella.
Kumanyano lwasemthethweni, abantwana abayi-10 bazalelwa eFerinand no-Isabella. Kwezi, zineentombi ezi-4 kuphela nonyana 1 -u-Astuan Asturia, naye ongahlali kwitrone, wabhubha.
Iintombi zikaIsabella Destilsk zashiya uphawu lwembali. Bobane baba ziingqameko. Isabella Asturia Asturiaskaya kunye noMaria Aragonian batshata nenkosi ther Portugal Manuel I (OVDOV, watshata udadewabo omncinci). I-Ekaterina encinci Aragoneneskaya yaba ngumfazi wentsomi yesiNgesi uHenry Viii Tudor. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ugadakazi kaJuan, awayehamba nge-Castlilian itrone, yayingumfazi wakhe woKumkani waseSpanip.
Ukuphela kwetrone kunye nebhodi
U-Isabella wakhawuleza waya etroneni waza waxela ukumkanikazi wase-Ballle noLeon ngoDisemba 14, 1474, emva kokusweleka kukaMzalwan 'uEnrique. Ukumkani ngaphambi kokufa waxolela umoya wodade wabo waza wamvuma umtshato wakhe ngoFerdinand. Ngapha koko, le manyano, edibanisa i-Bally kunye ne-Aragon, yadala uBukumkani baseSpain (umanyano lwezopolitiko olupheleleyo lwenzekile nokufikeleleka kweNavarre ngo-1512).
Abaxhasi bakaJuan Bellrunha baqalisa ukuqhankqalaza ngokuchasene nokulawulwa kwe-Isabla ukuya esweni ezim ngqo. Ukumkani wasePortugal Afonus wasebenzisa eli meko: watshata noJuan (ukuba ngumalume) kwaye ahlasele indyebo yokubuyisa amalungelo omfazi wakhe ngetrone yakhe. Lo mzabalazo waqhubeka de kwaneminyaka eli-1479, ngenxa yoko, omabini amacala agqibe ihlabathi.
Ukutshixa imigca yelizwe, ukumkanikazi wenza ilungiselelo langaphakathi: ufake i-odolo kunye noqeqesho kwibhotwe, elalingeyiyo eyadi i-enrique iv, yazisa inani lezindlu kunye nolawulo lomthetho.
E-Isabelle, eNgcwele uErmmandada wabonakala - i-Deeseds exhobileyo ngokhuseleko loku-oda, oku kulinganiselwe kurhulumente kaJaji waseSpain yaseSpain namaCort. Amandla obukumkani, ngokuchaseneyo, baphakama ngakumbi, bafumana igunya elipheleleyo.
Kwimbali ephantse ibe yiminyaka engama-30 yolawulo lukaKumkanikazi u-Isaabella, ubuncinci ziziganeko ezi-3 eziphambili eziphembelela ikhosi yembali yehlabathi yenzekile. Eyokuqala sisiphelo sabafanelekayo, imfazwe engcwele, ebhengezwe ngamaKristu okuhlasela kunye nokutyala kwenkolo yamaSilamsi kuyo yonke iPeninsula. Kude kube nge-1492, iGranada yayihlala phantsi kolawulo lwama-Arabhu. Ukuthatha imikhosi ka-Isabella kunye noFerdinand wesi sixeko kuthetha ukuphela kwempikiswano ephantse ibe yinkulungwane ye-7.
U-Isabella uyayalela eSpain onke ama-Arabhu namaYuda ukuze kulwe nobunyulu benkolo yamaKatolika. I-Beviera kufuneka ishiye ilizwe okanye ithathe ubuKatolika. Lowo ke wayezuze ukholo olutsha, wajonga ngokufihlakeleyo izithethe ezindala, watshisa kwi-Ofisi kaMbuyekezo. Emva koko, ngelishwa saqala ukuhlala kwiikota ezahlukeneyo ezibizwa ngokuba yiGhetto.
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, inyathelo lesithathu lika-Isaabella, owaba libali, sisixhobo sokugxothwa kolwandle uChristopher Columbus, isiphumo saso safunyanwa ngamazwe aseYurophu ngexesha ukusuka kwi-1492 ukuya kwi-1504.
Ukufa
Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, impilo yeKumkanikazi iye yabuthathaka: Ukuzalwa komntwana kunye nezithuba zenkolo ezilahlekileyo zenze umsebenzi wazo. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-50, waguqukela ekubeni achebe ngakumbi, onikele iintombi ezizahlela ukutshata kwezinye izikumkani.
Ukubetha kokugqibela kuka-Isabella kwaba yinyaniso eyoyikekayo: Ibhinqa elifundile ukuba intombi yakhe kaJuan yayiyeyona intle kwaye inesibindi - njengoninakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, ukumkanikazi wenza ukuba wakhe awuthandayo wetrone yetrone, kodwa kwiyonke ichaza ukuba kwintombi engentsingiselo, utata wakhe uFerdinand unyulwe regent. NgoNovemba 1504, u-Isabella wasweleka kwi-medina del cam popo yesizathu sokugula okude. Ingcwaba leMonarch ikwindawo yasebukhosini eGranada.
Ngo-1515, umyeni wakhe uFrirdinanda wangcwatywa ecaleni kwenkosikazi. Wasinda kwiqabane lakho kangangeminyaka eli-11, apho walawula urhulumente kwaye washiya isithsaba somzukulwana weKarl Habsburg-unyana kaJuan Gaman noFilipu babahle.
Imemori
I-biography yebhinqa elinje ngalo lonke ixesha litsalele ababhali, izalathiso kunye namagcisa. Ubuntu bukaIsabella Destilian tyhunga i-bowlow. Indlela yakhe yobomi isebenzisa iinoveli zaseLorez Shunovier ", K. Kalliatkaya", iVictoria Holtkaya "kunye" neSpain yookumkani. "
I-Optious Mores edumileyo ye-USABLARLA KWI-Cinema: Slourn Shover "(1992: I-christopher Coloway" (1992), uRachel Ward Cowumbus Columbus : Ukuphuculwa kweMelika "(1992), iFloncence Eledridge kwiSizwe" Christopher Columbus "(1949).
U-Isabella I-Deastilskaya iyabonakala nakwiintsana zeTurkey Turkish Turkish "yenkulungwane entle". Iincwadi zeempendulo zeza nebali lemigca, ukuba i-cartairs ye-corsanars ifakwe kuwo, kwaye ukumkanikazi wexesha elizayo ubanjwa nguSultan Suleman. Nangona kunjalo, iziganeko ezichazwe kolu ngcelele azinanto yakwenza nembali yembali.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- UKumkanikazi wamkela i-Chess, kwaye ngokuhlonela "ukumkanikazi" waqalisa ukubizwa ngokuba ngukumkanikazi.
- Kukho inqaku elikungqinga le-Granada Isabella lalinika iZaveri ukuba ingashiyi de sawa isixeko. Ixesha elingaphezulu, impahla yakhe yangaphantsi yafumana uluhlu lwe-tyheli, apho amaSpanish namhlanje abizwa ngokuba yi "Isabel".
- UKumkanikazi wamkela iiNquma, kodwa kuphela njengedessert, ngokolungelelwano lwakhe, abapheki benkundla babeneziqhamo zobusi.
- Kwizixhobo zokuhamba-hamba, ukumkanikazi uCalmumbus uIsabella wade wabeka ubucwebe bakhe, kodwa oku akuzange kubekho kwanele inkxaso epheleleyo yohambo. UMartin Alonso Pinson wanceda umntu oqinisekileyo wezezimali - i-shipowner etyebileyo.