IPlayck Max-Ifoto, Biography, Ubomi bobuqu, isizathu sokuFa, i-physics

Biography

Igama elipheleleyo leSayensi yaseJamani yi-max carl erst ludwig cerck. Kwiminyaka emininzi ngokulandelelana, wayengomnye weenkokeli zoluntu lwaseJamani. Ungumnikazi wokuvulwa kwe-qrathem hypothesis. Ugqirha ufundele i-thermodynamics, ithiyori ye-blowa kunye ne-thermal radiation. Umsebenzi wenzululwazi wenza ukuba abe ngumsunguli we pro fisics. Omnye wabambalwa abanomdla wokukhusela amaJuda ngexesha le-nizesm eJamani. Kude kube sekupheleni kwemihla, yahlala iSayensi ethembekileyo kwaye yakwenza kwada kwavunyelwa impilo.

Ubuntwana noLutsha

Iplanga iMax ivele ngo-Epreli 23, 1858 kwiSixeko saseKiel. Ookhokho bakhe babevela kumandla amadala. Utat'omkhulu wakhe (i-Hotliellieb Jakob Cilckick) efundise imfundiso kwiDyunivesithi yaseGötten.

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I-max wilhelm chaceque utata nonjingalwazi kunye nonjingalwazi womthetho kwiYunivesithi yaseKiel. Wayetshatile kabini. Abantwana ababini babonakala emtshatweni wokuqala. Okwesibini watshata umama uMax Max Emma Pettig, emtshatweni owazalwa kuwo abantwana abahlanu. Wayevela kwintsapho yomoya kwaye waya kwintlanganiso enoWilhelm, icebo elalihlala kwisixeko saseGeifuld.

Ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka eli-10, uMax wayehlala eKiel. Ngo-1867, utata wakhe ufumana isimemo sokusebenzisa uburhulumente kwiYunivesithi yaseMunich, kwaye usapho luye kwikomkhulu le-bavaria. Apha inkwenkwe inikwa ukuba i-maximilian gymnasium, apho idweliswe kwindawo yabafundi abagqibeleleyo beklasi.

Impembelelo enkulu kwiClack Clikick ibonelela ngotitshala weMathematics Herman Muller. Uya kufunda kuye okwesihlandlo sokuqala ukuba ngubani umthetho wokulondolozwa kwamandla. UMax ubonakalisa idatha eqaqambileyo yemathematics. Iiklasi kwi-Gymnasium ikhuseleke kuyo inzala kwisayensi, ngakumbi ekufundeni imithetho yendalo.

Omnye umnqweno wabantwana weplanga yayingumculo. Wayecula kwi-choir yamakhwenkwe, edlala izixhobo ezininzi kwaye wasebenza kakhulu kwipiyano. Ngasihlandlo sithile wafunda ithiyori yomculo kwaye wazama ukuqamba, kodwa kwafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba umqambi awuyi kusebenza. Ngokuphumelela, iplanga sele lenze iziyobisi.

Kwasebutsheni bakhe, wayefuna ukuzinikela kumculo, ukuba ngumdlali wepiyano. Wayephupha ngefiloglogy, ebonisa umdla omkhulu kwi-physics nakwimathematics. Ngenxa yoko, uMax ukhethe iSayensi echanekileyo kwaye wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseMunich. Ukuba ngumfundi, akayeki umculo. Wayebonakala ebonakala emgceni kwilungu lecawa yomfundi. Wakhokela ikwayara encinci kwaye waqhutywa yi-orchestra.

Utata ucebisa uMax ukuya kuNjingalwazi Philippe von zholly ukuba amncede abhaptize ekufundeni uphononongo lwe-theoretic. Unjingalwazi wacenga umfundi ukuba avume le mbono, njengoko, ngokoluvo lwakhe, esi sayensi sisondele ekugqityweni. Ngokutsho kwakhe, akukho zifunyenwe zintsha sele zilinde, kwenziwa uphando oluphambili.

Nangona kunjalo, i-placker ayinikezeli. Akadingi izinto ezifunyenweyo, ufuna ukwazisa iziseko zethiyori yasemzimbeni kwaye angathanda ukubakhubekisa ukuba kunokwenzeka. Umfundi uqalisa ukuya kwizifundo kwi-wilichel wilihelm von bez. Ngokudibeneyo noProfesa Philip, i-von zhoy iqhuba isifundo malunga nokungqinwa kweplatinam eshushu ye-hydrogen. UMax unokubonwa kumagumbi okufundisela kubaphulaphuli-nxaxha ye-profiles -athile i-Ludwig u-Lindel noGustav Bauer.

Emva kokwazi i-procist edumileyo, iHermann Helmholz, iplanga iyahamba ukuya kwimfundo kwiYunivesithi yaseBerlin. Utyelele iZifundo zeMathematics ye-Karl We Weeilystrass. Ufunda umsebenzi wonjingalwazi we-Helmsholts kunye ne-Gustav Kigoff, ezithatha ngokwazo kwisampuli yokuxelisa ubuchule bokucinezelwa kwezinto ezinzima. Emva kokuziqhelanisa nemisebenzi yaseRudolph uClazius kwithiyori yokufudumala, inyula indlela entsha yophando - i-thermodynamics.

Isayensi

Ngo-1879, iplanga ifumana isidanga sikagqirha emva kokukhusela i-thesis kumgaqo wesibini we-thermodynamics. Emsebenzini wakhe, ugqirha ungqina ukuba ngenkqubo yokuzixhasa, ubushushu abutshitshiswanga kumzimba obandayo ukuya kwi-slomer. Eloo nyaka uzayo, ubhala omnye umsebenzi kwi-Thermodynamics kwaye afumane isithuba somncedisi ongumntu onguJunics kwiYunivesithi yaseMunich.Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-Getty

Ngo-1885, i-placker iba yinjineli yonjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseKiel. Izifundo zakhe sele ziqalisile ukumzisela izabelo ngendlela yokwamkelwa kwehlabathi. Emva kweminyaka emi-3, inzululwazi iyamenywa kwiDyunivesithi yaseBerlin, apho ukwindawo yokujonga unjingalwazi. Ngokudibeneyo kunye nokufumana isikhundla soMlawuli weZiko leFiziksi yethiyori. Ngo-1892, i-max click iba ngumprofesa osemthethweni.

Emva kweminyaka emi-4, inzululwazi iqala ukubandakanyeka kuphando lwe-thermal radiation. Kwithiyori yendiza, imitha ye-elektromagnetic ayinakuqhubeka. Ihamba nge-quayina nganye, ubukhulu bayo buxhomekeke rhoqo. I-max click isusa ifomula yokuhambisa amandla kwi-spectrum yomzimba ogqibeleleyo.

NgoDisemba 1900, ugqirha kwintlanganiso ye-Berlin Academy yeNgxelo zeSayensi malunga nokuvula kwakhe kwaye unika isikhokelo esitsha-ithiyori yenani. Sele kunyaka olandelayo, ngokusekwe kwifomula yeplanga, ixabiso le-boltzmann libaliwe. Ibar ilawulwa ukufumana i-AvoGad RoGagadro-Inani leeatom kwimall enye, kwaye isazinzulu sibeka ixabiso le-echon enomgangatho ophezulu wokuchaneka.

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UAlbert Einstein waba negalelo emva koko ukuqinisa ithiyori.

Ngo-1919, iSayensi yeNzululwazi ifumana i-NOBY IBOUTI ye-1918 yokuvulwa kwe-ACLAA kunye nophuhliso lwefiziksi.

Ngo-1928, uyarhoxa, kodwa uyaqhubeka nokusebenzisana nenkampani ye-Kaiser Science Wilicher Wilheel. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, i-Nobel Liureate iba ngumongameli wakhe.

Inkolo nentanda-bulumko

Isicwangciso samaXesha samiswa kwi-Luthere umoya, kwaye kuye uhlala kwindawo yokuqala yayiyeyona ndlela yenkolo. Ngalo lonke ixesha wathandaza isidlo sasemini. Kuyaziwa ukuba ukusukela ngo-1920 kwaye de kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhonzi njengomPreskeyte.

Inzululwazi yayichasene nokudityaniswa kwesayensi nenkolo. Phantsi kokugxeka kwakhe, ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi, i-theosophy, ngokomoya kunye nezinye iindlela zefashoni zaphela. Kwangelo xesha, wayekholelwa ukuba isayensi kunye nenkolo bezifanelekile ngokubaluleka kwazo.

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Intetho yakhe "Inkolo kunye neSayensi yeNdalo" Ukusukela ngo-1937 yathandwa, eyabonakala kwiimpapasho zayo eziphindaphindiweyo kamva. Isicatshulwa senziwe isibonakaliso seziganeko kwilizwe, elaliphantsi kwegunya lamaFasi.

Iplanga ngekhe ibize igama likaKristu kwaye inyanzelekile ukuba iphikise amadlelane malunga nokutshintsha kokholo lwawo. Inzululwazi igxininise ukuba akakholelwa kuThixo onyanisekileyo, kodwa kuhlala enenkolo.

Ubomi Buqu

Okokuqala ngqa, iplanga yamaxuke itshatile Umhlobo wobuntwana uMary Merk ngo-1885. Abathathu abantwana bazalwa emtshatweni: oonyana ababini namawele amawele. Wayeyithanda intsapho yakhe, wayengumyeni notata onenkathalo. Ngo-1909, inkosikazi yakhe iyafa. Emva kweminyaka emi-2, inzululwazi izama ukucwangcisa ubomi bakhe buqu okwesibini kwaye yenza isigqibo esiya kwi-niece von heslin heslin. Ibhinqa linika uMax omnye unyana.

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Kwibhayiloji yenzululwazi kuza kubakho umtya omnyama. Owona mkhulu usweleke kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala, ngo-1916, neentombi ezizaliswa ngumntwana ngo-1917 nango-1918. Unyana wesibini kumtshato wokuqala wabulawa ekuqaleni kowe-1945 ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwiyelenqe ngalo uHitler, ngaphandle kwesikhalazo sikatata osaziwayo.

AmaNazi ayesazi malunga neembono zikaMax. Ngexesha lokutyelelwa kwakhe eHitler, xa ugqirha wezandla ekhokelwa nguMbutho weKayer esisiseko uNahesher Wilihelm Wilhelm, waguqukela kuye ukuba angatshutshise abafundi abangamaYuda. UHitler unomsindo kuye ebusweni bakhe oveze yonke into ayicingela ngohlanga lwamaYuda. Emva koko, iplanga lathi cwaka lazama ukubanjwa kwiingcinga zakhe.

Ebusika, ngo-1944, emva kwempumlo yomkhosi wamahlakani, indlu kasosayensi itshisiwe ngokupheleleyo. Kwimililo etshabalalisayo, needayari, iincwadi. Uye kwi-carl yomhlobo usaya kufikelela phantsi kwe-magdeburg.

Ngo-1945, ngexesha lentetho eKassel, unjingalwazi phantse wasweleka phantsi kwebhombu. Ngo-Epreli, indlu yethutyana yamaqabane eplanga ichithwe phantsi kwenqwelomoya. Inzululwazi nomfazi baya ehlathini, baphile ngobisi. Impilo yePlank iye yasebenza - isifo samathambo somqolo sasingqungqa, kwaye wayehamba nobunzima obukhulu.

Kwisicelo soNjingalwazi Robert Frobert Fields, i-American South American ye-Nobel Laureate kwaye ithathe kwi-Hetgegegegen ekhuselekileyo. Kwiiveki ezintlanu, ukwibhedi yesibhedlele, emva koko, emva koko, oko kuqala ukusebenza: Ufunda iintetho.

Ukufa

NgoJulayi ngo-1946, indoda yayisiya eNgilani ngenxa yokubhiyozela isikhumbuzo sikaIsaac Newton. Inyaniso enomdla: Inzululwazi yayikumsitho kuphela omele kuphela eJamani. Kwakufutshane nje ngaphambi kokuba i-physics, i-Kaiser Wilhelm Society i-remed ye-max ye-max, ngaloo ndlela iphawula igalelo lakhe kwisayensi.

Uqhubeka ethetha nezifundo. Kwi-bonn, inzululwazi yesayensi yagula ngokuvunywa kwemiphunga, kodwa ikwazi ukoyisa isifo. Ngo-Matshi 1947, wagqibela kubonakala kubafundi. Ngo-Oktobha kwangaloo nyaka, imeko ye-MCCA Plaltiad yawola kakhulu, wasweleka. Unobangela wokufa uyabetha. Akazange aphile kwisikhumbuzo sakhe seminyaka engama-90. Ingcwaba lengcwangu le-Nobel Laureate ikwingcwaba laseGötten.

Emva kwam, inzululwazi yashiya umbhalo obhaliweyo, iincwadi, iifoto - zelifa leMveli, eziqhubeka ixabisekileyo kwaye iyaqhubeka nokuthwala inkonzo engaqinisekanga.

Amabhaso kunye nebhaso

• Ngo-1914 - i-hardmholts megal
• Ngo-1915-I-odolo "ye-prorit kwinzululwazi nobugcisa"
• Ngo-1918 - ibhaso likaNobel kwi-physics
• Ngo-1927 - I-Loresyz Imbasa
• Ngo-1927 - i-franklin's mendolin
• Ngo-1928 - Adlerchild Deutschen Recres
• Ngo-1929 - Max Plalck megal
• Ngo-1929 - Imbasa
• Ngo-1932 - I-Gutrei Deal kunye neBhaso
• Ngo-1933 - IMediga Garnaca
• Ngo-1945 - I-Götte Prize