Biography
I-Eleanor Garin, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-connoissers yokwenyani ye-PREALSEARS, isaqwalaselwa ngowona umguquleli we-Alber, uRichard De Salrjj ovela kwisiFrentshi nesiNgesi kwanamhlanje.Uncwadi olubhaliweyo kunye nomhleli we-Domanov edumileyo iphuhlise imigaqo yayo yokusebenza kunye nesicatshulwa kwaye ngo-1972 epapasha incwadi ethi "Ilizwi lokufa nokufa elifileyo. (Ukusuka kwi "nkosana encinci" kwi "nqanawa yezidenge") ", ngoku ngoku yincwadi efanelekileyo yokufundisa kwaye ibandakanya iingongoma eziphambili zethiyori yethiyori yethiyori yokuguqula.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Eleanor yakovvlevlevlevna garapen yazalelwa eOdessassa ngo-Epreli 27, 1912 kwintsapho efundisiweyo yaseRussia. Utata kaYakobi u-Yaakiovich, ongumYuda wobuYuda, wayenento ebanzi evumela ukuba ezona zihlobo zisondeleyo ukuba zifudukele eMoscow.
Emva kokubanjwa ngo-1937 nango-1950, indawo engafanelekanga yawa kulo lonke uhlobo lweHalperin, kwaye uMama uFrederica Alessissatit wezemali ahlawula umsebenzi kwiZiko le-MOSCOW kunye nokuPapasha.
Xa iziko lemfundo laxhonywa, uEleanora utshintshela kwiYunivesithi ekhethekileyo, kwaye waluthatha ukufundisisa uncwadi lwangaphandle, ngokuhambelana nokusebenzisa isiNgesi nesiFrentshi.
Ukuyila kwasebuntwaneni kwachukunyiswa nguHalperin, kwaye, njengomfundi wesikolo, wabhala imibongo embalwa. Kwiminyaka yobudala, ukuqhubeka novavanyo loncwadi, le ntombazana yaqala ukubhala iprosesi kwaye i-1930s inokuphuphula umsebenzi wakhe kwiimpapasho ezishicilelweyo.
Kwisikolo samabanga athile, uEleanor wayikhupha i-thesis yakhe, egqunywe yi-biography kunye nobuchule bembongi yaseFransi yaseFransi yaseFrance kwaye kwimo yombhali ofundileyo baqala ukuvela rhoqo kuncwadi lwe-classical noluphambisi.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kweMfazwe yeLizwe eliNgcwele, intombazana ethinjiwe yokusebenzisa i-ALIAY yeNora, iofisi yejenali yejenali "yoncwadi lwasemzini" lokubhala inqaku le-Antone de Saintry " yabantu ". Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ngequbuliso kwabase-Stascists, umsebenzi awupapashwa, kodwa le ntombazana yahlala iphantsi koluvo oluqinileyo lwesifundi kwaye lahlala ngolindelo lweencwadi ezintsha zombhali waseFransi.
Inguqulelo kunye noHlelo
Imeko yayinzima, kwaye ukuze ifumane imali, uNora wasebenza kwiZiko lokuPrinta kwaye waqashelwa kwaye kwiisemina zoncwadi lwangaphandle lwenkulungwane yama-20. Ngexesha lakhe lokuphumla, yena, ngaphandle kokuba abe nobuchule besiPolyglot, funda iincwadi zokuqala aze aziguqulele kwisiRashiya ngesichazi-magama. Akaqinisekanga ngetalente yayo, Gal, engabonisi na le misebenzi nakubani na, kwaye bathula kwibhokisi yetafile ixesha elide.Le meko itshintshile emva kohlobo lwanika incwadi yesiFrentshi "inkosana encinci", uMbhali owakhe wafaka umdla utitshala oselula. Emva kokufunda umsebenzi, i-Gal kwixesha elifutshane lenze iguqulela ebhaliweyo kwaye emva kweeveki ezimbalwa zabonisa uyilo lwentombazana esondeleyo.
Iinzame ngokubanzi zomfazi zazihlelwe ziijenali zoncwadi ezikhokelayo, kodwa ngaphambi kowe-1959 akukho mntu wayefuna ukuprinta umsebenzi wase-Eleanora. Kuphela kusemva kokuba umguquleli oguqulwe ngumntu wase-USSR ngoncedo lwayo lokufunda incwadi yesiNgesi, i-American kunye nababhali baseFransi, "inkosana encinci" yapapashwa, ithathela ingqalelo zonke iimfuno kunye neminqweno yomngxunya.
Ixesha elingaphezulu, umbhali oqeqeshiweyo ngokwakhe waqalisa ukukhetha imisebenzi kwaye wayeka ii-odolo zokwenza iincwadi zabavakalisi beencwadi, amaphephandaba nakwimagazini. Ukukhetha umsebenzi wale mihla kunye nebali elichulumancisayo, kuguqulelwe amabali oMdali odumileyo "Ngaphezulu kwepayi" iJerome D. I-Sallinger, i-Sallinger, i-Doulting ye-Specking yababhali bamanye amazwe.
Ewe kunjalo, ayingawo wonke umsebenzi wabapapashi abashicileli kwangoko, ezinye iinoveli zothuli lwexesha elide kwiishelufa phambi kokuba abantu baseSoviet bafumana ithuba lokuba bazifundele. Ilixesha elinjalo lafumana "inqanawa yezidenge" uCatherine Ann Porter, "krysolova" uNevila uvaliwe, "uyazithanda iiBrahms?" I-Francoise Sagan kunye "neeDasi" Roman Rirollan.
Kwakungcono kakhulu malunga necala ngeencwadi zabantwana kunye nabantu abadala, apho i-GAT isebenzise imigaqo-siseko yokuhlela. Abapapashi bakhulule ngovuyo iinoveli zika-Alexander Duma, uTheodore Dier, ophambili kwiRodert kunye ne-Herbert Wells, eyadlula ezandleni zomguquleli obalaseleyo.
Amava aqokelelweyo e-Nora ahlalutye phantsi kohlalutyo lwentlungu kwaye ngo-1972 agqibile ukusebenza ngokusebenza kwethiyori, esaziwa ngokuba "lizwi lokuphila nokufa". Kuyo, uEncianor ukhokele imizekelo yomsebenzi ofanelekileyo kunye nongafanelekanga kunye nezinto zolwimi kwaye wakrokrela ngokuchasene nokusetyenziswa kweOfisi kunye namagama angafanelekanga angafanelekanga.
Ushicilelo lokuqala lwaluxhaphake kwaye lwaprintwe kwinxalenye yejenali "yenzululwazi nobomi". Nangona kunjalo, ayizange iyeke ukusebenza kwaye ngo-1979 yazisa abafundi uhlobo olutsha, lungenwe yintloko 'ye-Wizards "isahluko" se-Wizards "isahluko" se-Wizards "isahluko" se-Wizards "isahluko" se-Wizards "isahluko" se-Wizards "isahluko" samabali ". Ukujonga iinguqulelo ezenziwe ngu-Matrai uncwadi lweMatria Davydovna Kavshnikova, Natalia Albertovna upoln, nina leonidovna daurosas, nina, umbhali ugxininise ukuba "athetha" izibizo ezibonisa ukuba "zithetha" izibizo ezibonisa.
Ngenxa yoko, le ncwadi yaba sisibonelelo sedesktop kubaguquli abaqalayo kwaye saphinda saphinda saphinda saphinda saphinda saphinda sabhada. Kukhetho olutsha, kuvela ukongezwa okutsha, kwaye inqaku laliqukwe emsebenzini we-Julian's "Cami", ehlalutya amava encwadi kaHalperina, kunye ne-biographical fihlo oblon, owaziwa ngobomi bomntu kunye nomsebenzi we Umbhali ophambili.
Ubomi Buqu
UNora Gal uhlala ixesha elide, kodwa endaweni yoko ubomi bodwa kwaye kuphela yimini enye eyayitshatile. Ikhethiweyo yayiyingcali ye-pilogrist yaseBorifologist yaseBoris Kuzmin, onesifo sokusasazeka ngokwakhe esizibiza ngokuba yinzala ka-Walter Scott.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwemfazwe yokuthand 'izwe, abathandi babhalisa ngokusemthethweni ubudlelwane, kwaye emva kokuba uNora wazala intombi uEdward. Le ntombazana ingaqhelekanga ifumene ngokuhlonela umhlobo osondeleyo wentsapho ka-Edward Kabalevskaya, kwaye uJoke ngoko nangoko wavela uluntu oluhlelwa ngumdala kunye nomncinci onolwazi.
Emva kokusweleka komyeni, wadutyulwa ngabaFasi kwiimfazwe kufutshane neSmolensk ngo-1943, i-GA GOUS ivele umntwana omncinci kwaye wafumana imali ukuba iqhube uqeqesho.
Ukuba ngumguquleli odumileyo, uNora wazihlaliswa kwinkonzo yaseMoscow kunye neminyaka elishumi elinambini ubudala kuphela onokuyifumana indlu yakhe. Impilo-ntle yemali ayizange iphumza umfazi, isasebenza ngentsimbi ye-14 ngosuku ngekhefu lokulala kunye nokuhamba okufutshane.
Intombi, yayize nendoda enjalo, ayikwazanga ukungena ngokukokwa komphefumlo wokukhwela kwaye ukuphela kweZiko leNtlalontle laba ngumhleli, ukugxeka nelungu leqela lephephancwadi lencwadi lencwadi.
Ukufa
UNora akazange abe nguJulayi 23, 1991, nangesicelo sezihlobo, isizathu sokufa kwakhe khange siveziwe.Kwinkumbulo yomguquleli odumileyo, abalingane kunye nabalandeli bakhuphe ingqokelela eneenkumbulo, iileta kunye ne-bibliografi, kwaye ngo-2012 indlalifa yase-Erward, enikezwe kubabhali beyona ilungileyo Inguqulelo yesiRashiya in Russian-Russian ye-ProS-XXI yeenkulungwane.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1935 - "I-Tale yabahlobo"
- Ngo-1936 - "Ukufa kweHero" R. Koldton "(inqaku)
- Ngo-1938 - "iFrance Ellens" (inqaku)
- Ngo-1945 - "Yintoni eyakhutyekiswa nguSonya s.?" (inqaku)
- Ngo-1959 - "Imvakalelo yobambiswano" (inqaku)
- Ngo-1960- "ngaphezulu kweyona" (inqaku)
- Ngo-1963 - UAntoine De-Expepery (inqaku)
- Ngo-1972 - Igama Lihlala Liphile kwaye lifile "
- Ngo-1973 - "kwi-pheny" (inqaku)
- Ngo-1975 - "kwaye malunga neofisi" (inqaku)
- 1991 - "Isikolo seCashkin" (inqaku)
Iinguqulelo
- URay Bradbury "elunxwemeni ekutshoneni kwelanga", "Ikhonkrithi yekhonkrithi"
- UJack London "Pearls Pearlls", "i-adventure kwilwandle yolwandle"
- UCharles Dickens "otyhafileyo, okanye isiporho"
- Herbert iqula "ukutya koothixo"
- I-Edgar Allan kwi "FROG", "Akawe Indlu yeemazi"
- I-Colin McCalow "Ukucula Kumeva"
- I-Catherine Ann Porter "isidenge"
- URichard Durlington "Ukufa kweHero"
- I-Antoine De-Experry "Inkosana encinci", "Iplanethi yabantu"
- UAlbert Cami "Uthuka"