Biography
Eyona misebenzi yakhe ixabisekileyo yeSoviet, kwaye emva koko i-erlipptor yaseRussia ayiziwa eUnited States. Inkosi yalithanda ilizwe lemveli, emva kokufuduka, izikhumbuzo zehlelo ezinje nge "Maskings" e Yekaternburg, ilizwe alizange liyixabise. Igama le-Erstst An An Addul aliqhelananga kuye wonke umntu, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe uqhelekile: Ipremiyamu ye "Tiffi" ikwanika i-starupion ye-orphetus yenziwe ngokwemizobo ye-orcheptor eyenziwe ngokomfanekiso owenziwayo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Ernst Ioisifovich umntu ongaziwayo wazalwa ngo-Epreli 9, ngo-1925 kwi-SVEDLOVGSK (ngoku e-Ekaternburg) kusapho lwe-OtorinolayNgoma i-AJEAREAVNICH kunye neSoviet Poetesess Bellas. Uhlobo lwe-Ernrifovich's labantwana lenzeka ngokuzolileyo, ngaphandle kokuthathwa kwaye kuwa. Wayefunda esikolweni inguNombolo 16 yeSverdlovsk, akazange afumane uqikelelo oluphakamileyo, kunye nophantsi. Konke kuba inkwenkwe ithathe ikhethe ubugcisa, kwaye ayizukubonisa "iiSayensi zeNdalo.
Ngo-1939, umntu ongaziwayo waqala umsebenzi woluntu, othatha inxaxheba kukhuphiswano lwabaManyano lwabantwana bonke. Weza nento entsha ukuze abonakalise unyaka nonyaka kude kufike kwiSikolo soBugcisa esiKondari kwi-All-Russian Academy yobuGcisa boBugcisa bowe-1942.
Ngo-Agasti ka-1942, oneminyaka eli-17 ubudala ongaziwayo wathathwa ukuba afunde kwiSikolo se-Maman-pume yaseTurkmenistan. Unyaka wathatha umfana ukuba aphuhliswe ulwazi olutsha, kwaye ngo-Oktobha 1943 wayehamba ngakwicala elincinci kwiTroops e-Airborne wabumba umphambili we-I-Ukrandar.
Ngo-Matshi 1944, umntu ongaziwayo waba ngumphathi wePlaitoon yeRifle ye-86 ye-Gifley Rifles yomkhosi wesi-5. Umzobo wexesha elizayo wayengahlali kumsele, ebonisa inkalipho nenkalipho ngexesha lokuqhutywa kweqhwithela lweBudapest. Nje ukuba i-erns ioiovich ifumene uxwebhu apho lwathi wabulala abantu abayi-16 kwimfazwe yesandla.
Ndoyikisa, andikhumbuli le nto. Ndikhumbula, ndiye ndacinga: "Kufuneka silwe, kufuneka silwe. Ayikho enye indlela yokuphuma. Luphi na? " Ndikhumbule ukungafi, "ndakhumbula nephephandaba elingangeneleli kudliwanondlebe.Sele kulandelelana kweMfazwe yeLizwe leMfazwe enkulu, umntu ongaziwayo ufumana ukwenzakala okunzima kwaye waphantse wahlukana nobomi. Nge-22 ka-Epreli ngo-1945, kwiintsuku ezili-17 ngaphambi konikezo lweJamani yamaNazi, i-bowwer yexesha elizayo yayikwitheyibhile yokusebenza eOstriya. Yayine-3 i-interverteibrals, kwaye i-cavity ye-peral yayizele ngumoya.
Umfana wasinda kwii-Diaphragm, ukugalelwa ngokupheleleyo kwemiphunga, kodwa ngenxa yoko wabhengezwa. Inkalipho eboniswe edabini, engaziwayo "ngeposi" inikwe i-odolo yenkanyezi ebomvu (yeliphi na iminyaka engama-25) kunye nemodi "ngesibindi."
Ubomi bejoni encinci basindisa ugqirha wasentsimini owaphawula ukuba i-erch ioifolovich iphefumla. Emva kwenani lemisebenzi entsonkothileyo, imeko yesigulana izinzile. Kuyinyani, enye iminyaka emi-3 emva kwemfazwe, ongaziwa ngawo kwii-crutches, ekuhleni ihamba nomqolo ophazamisekileyo, onamava atyhafisa i-morphine kuphela, ityhidiwe. Nangona kunjalo, nale ndlela yokulimala obubi ayinakwenzeka kulutsha olwahlukene nobugcisa.
Indalo
Ngo-1946 ukuya ku-1947, ukungaziwa ngokungaziwa kwaqulunqwa luqondiswe yimfazwe kwi-Academy yobugcisa eRiga, emva koko kwangena kwiZiko le-ARTE. V. I. surikova. Apha, umntu ongaziwayo wafumana iodolo yokuqala-uyilo lokuchazwa kwiMyuziyam yeSikhumbuzo yeMyu. M. Sverdlova (ngoku - iMyuziyam yase-Yekaternburg). Lo mboniso, umfundi wenza i-burner "yakov Sverdlov ifuna kubasebenzi be-Ural ukuya kwi-oral ivukele" kunye nokuqulunqwa "kwe-yakov sverdlov iLenin kunye neStalin."
Imisebenzi eyenziweyo kuhlobo lwendalo yabandakanywa nomboniso, kwaye ngo-1970s bazama ukulahla. Ukuba abasebenzi bemyuziyam abakhange bawufihle imifanekiso yezokhuseleko ukuze bangabinamsebenzi. Ukusukela ngo-2009, ezi misebenzi zi-2 zihambelana nomboniso woMyuziyam woRhulumente we-Yekaternburg.
Italente yejoni langaphambili ngo-1950 yaxabisa igalari yeTortykov, kwaye unyaka we-5 wehashe lokwakha iKresin wanyulwa kwibhaso laseStalin, efunyenwe kamva yimyuziyam yaseRussia.
Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1950s, umntu ongaziwayo, exovula ezothusayo zemfazwe enkulu, edale umjikelo "we-Apoee", engu-Apogee wayo yayingumkuqhophololo "(1957). Lo mfanekiso ugalelwe i-bronze sisidima esinezidenge, phantse ubuso obutshintsho, izithuba zenxeba esifubeni, kodwa inqindi lenziwa luphawu lwejoni laseRussia.
"Ijoni elifileyo" ngumzobo omncinci, kodwa kule minyaka abangaziwayo baqala ukuqalisa amanani engumxabisekileyo. Uqaqambile umbono we-albhamu, eyabizwa ngokuba yi "Giantabah, okanye imfazwe ye-giants".
Umgodi ongaziwayo wayecinga "umthi wobomi", umsebenzi owaqala ngo-1956 kwaye waqhubeka nokufuduka. Ngokutsho kombono womfumba, isikhumbuzo esibekwe yintliziyo sasimele ukuba yiMebius eguqukayo, "ngaphakathi" yayiya kuzaliswa ngamanani abantwana kunye nabantu abadala, izinto kunye neempawu.
Ukusukela ngo-1998, umntu ongaziwayo otyalwe "kuMthi woBomi" malunga ne-800 yamawaka ruble. Kwipokotho yakho. Ukubeka i-moument uSodolophu waseMoscow, uYuri Luzhkov, malunga nobunzima bezakhiwo zoononxibelelwano kwiBhunga loNxibelelwano lwezoQoqsho kwi-Arbat eNtsha. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-2004, "umthi wobomi" ubehombisa iziko lempahla nezinto zokuzonwabisa "I-Comredge" Ingqumbo ". Kwisikrweqe, uYuri Gagarin kunye ne-Buddha, iTape yaseMöbius, emnqamlezweni, iiplani zokugxothwa ukusuka kwiParadesi ziqikelele kwiParadesi.
UNYAKA emva konyaka, umntu ongaziwayo waveza imizobo, engathandeki emsebenzini we-Soviet: "Ukuzibulala" ("62), "Indoda Engu-1961-196) . Amanani ngelishwa ngokuhambelana nomfanekiso ohambelana nalo mboniso u-Avane-Gardies eMoscow, osinikelwe kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-30 yesebe laseMoscow le-MsRR le-USSR. Phakathi kweendwendwe ezihlonitshwayo yayinguNikita Khrushchev.
Inkokeli yeSoviet Union Ukuyila kweSoviet of Avent-gads khange ixabise. Kwiempawu ezinamachaphaza, i-oriuga kunye ne-estst engaziwayo, ebiza umsebenzi wakhe "ochithekileyo".
Kucingelwa ukuba uNikita Khrushchev akazange agxeke iinkosi, ukuba uyazi ukuba uphuhlile ukhuphiswano lwentsebenzo yoloyiso kwiMfazwe yaseRoma dostoevsky "yolwaphulo-mthetho". Ngamanye amagama, ongaziwayo etyhola ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yabanye abantu abakreqileyo kunye namagcisa. Ngendlela, kamva ukuqhutywa kwe-ernst JeFFOvich kuhombise iincwadi zikaData kunye noSamuel Beckett.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ingcwaba likaNikita KHrushchev libonisa ityeya elifakelweyo kwaye likhutshiwe ngento engaziwayo kwisicelo sezalamane zentloko ye-USSR.
Ukususela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960 ngaphambi kokufuduka ngo-1976, umntu ongaziwayo owenze malunga nemifanekiso engama-850 - "ukwenziwa kwamanye amagqwirha", "ukwakhiwa kwabantu", "kumbekile". Kwiminyaka eli-15, bekunokwenzeka ukuba uthengise kuphela umsebenzi we-4 kuphela kwele mibi.
Umntu ongaziwayo wayengafuni ukushiya iSoviet Union, kodwa amandla "ayekhutshiwe" yena. NgoJuni ngo-1973, amaxwebhu e-sclolptor afakwa amaxwebhu kumfuduko kwaSirayeli, kwaye ngo-Matshi 1976, emva kweminyaka emi-3 kwiimpazamo, wahamba eSwitzerland eUnited States. Ngo-1977 ngokuhlala eNew York.
Owona msebenzi mkhulu wokwazi okungaziwayo ekufudukeni yayililitye lesikhumbuzo kwixhoba lengcinezelo ye-stalinist. Umsikisi wayezibuza ukuba enze "unxantathu wentlungu" - uPatrictych kwizikhumbuzo eMagadan, yeHeternburg naseVorkuta. Imbono yayenzelwe inxenye. Ilitye le-15 leemitha "imaski yosizi" yavela eMagadan ngo-1996. Sele emva kokusweleka komntu ongaziwayo, ngo-2017, imaski yesi-3 i-Europe - eYurophu yase-Europe-Asia "ivuliwe kakhulu xa ithelekiswa ne-sketch yokuqala. Uhambo olungazange longeze ilitye lesikhumbuzo eVorkuta.
Ubomi Buqu
I-ERANSANA engaziwa ukuba yayinabafazi aba-2. Eyokuqala yi-Ceramist Dina Petrovna Mukhina. Intombi ye-Oliga yazalelwa emtshatweni, eyaba ngumculi.
Kunyaka wama-70, unyaka wobomi, umqwengisi otshata noAna Graham, umguquleli. Ngokudibeneyo baphakamisa intombi ye-Olivia. Ngokutsho kwento engaziwayo:
"I-NEA ivula elinye icala lobomi, endilizuzi ukuba lingazi: ukuba libe yindoda kwaye libe noxanduva."Ngaphambili, le ndoda ayizange ifumane iimpawu zebhayiloji, njengoko azicebileyo.
Ukufa
I-92 i-Essst Erst engaziwayo ifa nge-9 ka-Agasti, ka-2016, emva kokugula ixesha elide, eNew York. Ukuxelwa konobangela wokusweleka komfanekiso oqingqiweyo kwabangela i-Peresya engathandekiyo ngobomi bakhe: Kutyholwa uAna Gohadi weza kwindoda yakhe ngokukhanya kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Ingcwaba le-elstst alikho kwiSheelton Island eNew York. Umngcwabo wenzeka kwi-Orthodox Nikolsky Catatyral eManhattan. Ngokutsho kukaFelix Komitov, indoda "yacela ukuba akukho zilwanyana zifakwe engcwabeni, kwaye kuphela umnqamlezo we-orthodox." Mhlawumbi umntu wokugqibela ongaziwayo uzalisekisiwe, kodwa ifoto iqinisekisa oku.
Sebenza
- Ngo-1962 - "Ibanga le-Centaur
- Ngo-1966 - "prometheus nabantwana behlabathi"
- Ngo-1971 - "Intyatyambo yeLottus"
- Ngo-1988 - "Eludongeni"
- Ngo-1993 - "Indoda ekhwaza"
- 1994 - Orpheus
- Ngo-1995 - "Mntwana wegolide"
- Ngo-1996 - "Usizi Imaski"
- Ngo-2000 - "Ukuvusa"
- Ngo-2004 - "Umthi woBomi"
- Ngowama-2017 - "SOKSH Sount: EYurophu-Asia"