Biography
Embindini we-X üstava, i-Gustava, i-Gustart ithathe i-tulgar kwaye ihlanjululwe, yaye namhlanje umbhali waseFransi ithathwa njenge-nkosi yesizwe i-gin kunye ne-gin de balzac. Ukuthandwa kweFlaux kwazisa iincwadi "uNksk Bovari" kunye "nemfundo yemithi", ebhalwe ngohlobo lokwenyani kunye nemvelo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UGustave Flaubert wazalwa ngoDisemba 12, 1821 kwimbali yembali yaseNormandy - Ruang. Ugqirha ugqirha we-surgeen Achille Sleubert no-Anna Jujlin Braurio, intombi kagqirha, abantwana abathathu basweleka e-Güstava entsatsheni: intombazana kunye namakhwenkwe amabini.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyUnoveliso lwexesha elizayo wakhuliswa nomzalwana umkhulu uAchille, owazuza njengelifa nguyise kuphela, kodwa nendawo yokuhlala, ukuba ngugqirha, kwaye owazalwa kwiminyaka emi-3 eGuesestava. Ubuntwana badlula kwimozulu engaphakathi yesibhedlele, apho intloko yentsapho yasebenza khona.
Bathi iFlabert yaba nomdla ngokubhala enye iminyaka eyi-8, ngelixa ufunda kwiKholeji yasebukhosini. Ngo-1832, umfana wangena eLiceum wasePierre Cornelel, apho wadibana khona i-chevavalé, ipolitiki yekamva yaseFrance. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, abahlobo balungelelanisa iphephancwadi elibhalwe ngesandla "" ubugcisa kunye nenkqubela phambili ", apho kwapapashwa khona isicatshulwa sokuqala sikarhulumente.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNgo-1840, i-novelst yexesha elizayo yaya eParis ukuba ifunde ilungelo. Idolophu enkulu yaseFrance yabonakala kwilize, kwaye umsebenzi onyuliweyo uyadinisa, ke emva konyaka umfundi wahamba uhambo ngePyrenees naseCorsica. Eli xesha lebhayiloji yombhali labonakaliswa "kwimemori yobuqhetseba" (1901).
Ebutsheni be-1846, utata kaDlaubert wasweleka, eshiya unyana wamawaka angama-500 francs. Emva koko umfana waqonda ukuba i-Jurisppledence yayingeyondawo yakhe, yaphosa iyunivesithi. Ilifa elinokwenzeka liqinisekisile uBomi obungenabuxoki, nkqu kwimeko yentswela-ngqesho, ngoko wagqiba ngokupheleleyo ukuzinikela ekubhaleni.
Iincwadi
NgoSeptemba 19, 1851, iDlaubert, ephefumlelwe ngabahlobo bakhe iLouis Bui kunye ne-Mucun Duucan, yathatha ubume benoveli "uNkosikazi Barova" (kwezinye iinguqulelo - uMadame Bovarie). Kwiinyanga ezingama-56 kamva, ngoMeyi 1856, incwadi yagqitywa. Uphume nge-1 ka-Okthobha ukuya nge-15 kaDisemba waloo nyaka kwijenali "uphononongo lweParis".Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNgoFebruwari 1857, uMlawuli waseParis Ferris kunye neGustava iFlaubert yatyholwa ngokungahloniphi imeko-zisiko nonqulo. " Umbhali wade wavela phambi kwenkundla 'ye-sulgar kwaye eyoyikisayo yabalinganiswa ", kodwa isohlwayo sasinda. Ukususa izityholo ezingafakwanga nje ekupapashweni kukaNksk Bovarie Incwadi eyahlukileyo, kodwa ikwabonelela nge-splash yokuthandwa.
Embindini weyelenqe - i-Emma Bovarie, engonwabanga kumfazi omtshato. UMadame akanazintloni zokutshintsha iqabane lakhe liyamthanda ngokuqinileyo. Izipho zabafazi abancinci abakhethiweyo, umntu obhinqileyo uchitha imeko yosapho, ngokuhamba kwexesha kuqala ukubeka ubucwebe kunye nepropathi yedwa. Isiphumo sasetyhini sokungoneliseki kubuntu ojikeleze ihlazo kunye nokungasemva kwayo- yile nto ilindelwe ekugqibeleni uNkosazana Bovarie, kunye neqabane lakhe elithembekileyo eliqhubeka nokunxibelelana nabathandi bomfazi wakhe - ibala le-nonder.
Isibindi, imbali yendalo yaseGustava iFlaubert itshiswe ukuze iphile kuphela i-Frenser Frence kuphela yaseFrance kuphela, kodwa nezalathisi ze-XX kunye ne-XXI kwiinkulungwane. Ifilimu yokuqala kwinoveli "Nksks Borkov" yadutyulwa ngo-1933 ngombhali we-Pleatrit, emva koko iJamani, iAmerican, isiRashiya kunye neBritani yefilimu yalandelwa.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyIsincoko esilandelayo seFlaubert sahlukile kuNksk Bovari - I-Novari yeMbali "Imbali" malunga neMfazwe yeLibthage, engekho phantsi kwe-240-238 ngaphambili. NS. Utshintsho kwisitayile sengxelo kunye nokukhethwa komxholo kungenxa yokuba umbhali uziqwalasele "umntu wokugqibela othandekayo", ngelixa incwadi malunga ne-Slituer ixhonywa kuye isitampu sendalo.
I-Salamo Flaunder isondela noxanduva olupheleleyo - wafunda malunga ne-100 imiqulu malunga ne-carthage kunye neziganeko zelo xesha, watyelela i-tunisia. Emva kweminyaka emihlanu, abasebenzi abagulayo, ngo-1862, inoveli yazalwa. Umbutho waseFransi waqonda intsomi yentsomi, ediniwe yimisebenzi yokwenyani. Ukuqulunqwa kwakuthandwa naseRussia - i-Russia ivele ivele kwi-1862 kwijenali ethi "amanqaku esidlangalala".
Yeyona nto inzima i-flaubert inzima ukuba ibhale inoveli "yemfundo yabadala" (okanye "imfundo yokwenyani"). Uqale waqalisa imbali ye-Autobiographical ngoFebruwari 1843. Isizathu sokubhala yayiyintlanganiso yombhali kunye noEli Schlolessinger - umfazi osele i-flaubert yathandana nothando.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyIsibakala sokuba saphuma phantsi kovavanyo lomnye umbhali ongenamava, kwisangqa sababhali, kulisiko elibizwa ngokuba "yimfundo yokuqala" yokuqala yeemvakalelo ". Inguqulelo ye-Debut yagqitywa ngo-1845, yaye yapapashwa emva kokufa kukaFlaubert - ngo-1910. Inyaniso enomdla: Le ncwadi ayinanto yakwenza nomsebenzi oprintiweyo phantsi kwegama elifanayo ngonyaka we-1869.
Kwi "Mdala", inguqulelo yokugqibela ye "imfundo yoMkhosi" we-1869, i-protagonist frederick moro eluthandweni, nenekazi lomtshato le-balzakovsky. Ngenxa yeengcinga malunga nonyulo, iMoro ayinakho ukumisela ubudlelwane nabanye abantu basetyhini, zikhokelela ekubhiyozeleni indlela yokuphila kunye nokuqengqeleka ezantsi. Emva kweminyaka engama-27, ubuso bukaMoro no-Arna ngokungacwangciswanga kwaye baqonde ukuba lonke eli xesha bathandana kwaye, nangona babengenakonwabanga, bonwabile. Bayahlukana, banelisekile kukuqonda.
"Ukukhuliswa kweemvakalelo" kubangele ingxelo engalunganga kubagxeki noogxa bakhe ePeru, kodwa wonke umntu waphawula i-autobiographical moudeographical yomsebenzi. UGi de Mavessan uthe "uninzi lolufumanayo kwaye luxinzelela phantsi luxinekile kule noveli", i-Emil Zola ebizwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi we "Cavert yobuqu. I-Tomerit Mooeemer ithi "uFrederick Moro yinxalenye yomfanekiso weflabert ofletsani, owabona umbhali."
Ngaphandle kwempilo ebalekayo kwaye ihlaselwa rhoqo kwi-Ecelepy, ngoAprili 1874, uGustive Flaubert wapapasha ingxelo yokugqibela yombongo wesitso se-St-Anthony ". Umbono womsebenzi wazalwa emva ngo-1845, xa umbhali wabona umfanekiso kaPeter uBreygel egama linye - omncinci. Iqhawe lombongo ka-Anthony, njengo-Goln Wolf Wolf Wolf voeke, unyanzelekile ukuba aqhubeke nezilingo zedemon ngobomi obumnandi.
Ngo-Matshi wonyaka omnye, ukuqokelelwa "kovavanyo oluqhelekileyo" uphume, olubandakanya "umphefumlo olulula", "imbali ye-julian eNgcwele" kunye ne "Irodia". Le misebenzi yeFlaubert ithathele ingqalelo ukuphumla phakathi kokudalwa komsebenzi wokugqibela-Inoveli "Buwar kunye neBeiysha". Ngenxa yokwamkelwa kombhali, ukudala nganye kwezi zikhokelela kwiinyanga ezintandathu.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyIncwadi ye-satirical "Bwwar noBeiyosha", ekubhaleni kukaBeubert apho kwaqala khona nge-1872, engabekwalelo ukuba afikelele - impilo esenza buthathaka yombhali wenza ukungaphumeleli. Inoveli yapapashwa ichaphazeleka ngo-1881.
Embindini weyelenqe - amadoda ngamagama akwaBuwar naseBeiysha, oqhelene nesitrato. Zombini zidibene, kodwa ngokuphupha ngasese ukuhambisa elalini kwaye kuzibandakanya kwezolimo. Abahlobo bagqiba kwelokuba, adled upods ukuba abe yinyani kwaye athenge indlu. Okwesihlandlo sokuqala amadoda athanda ukuloba, ukuloga, ubugcisa, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha bayaqonda ukuba ulonwabo lwabo lokwenene kukuphinda ubhale kwakhona. Ukuphela kwenoveli kwakufanele ukuba yindawo apho i-bwwar kunye ne-beingsha izalisa amaphepha ephepheni phantsi komxholo omnye.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngentwasahlobo ye-1846, iflethi yeminyaka emininzi yaseRoma i-French Poetessess Luiz Coola iqale. Kwiileta eziya kwintanda, eyafikayo kule mini kwaye yapapashwa kwincwadi ethi "Isenzi kunye ne-Musk", umbhali waqiqa ngendima yobuchule, ubudlelwane obuphakathi kwendoda nomfazi. Ileta yokugqibela yomhla kaMatshi 6, 1855.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyUFlaubert wayeneziphatha gazana eBrussels, i-Parsis, iMunich, akazange enzekalisa nabafazi kunye namadoda okuziphatha okulula, kodwa, ngaphandle kobomi bakho bobuqu, umfazi nabantwana bakhe akazange afumane. Esi sikhundla kungenxa yekoteyishini kwileta yeKole kaDisemba 11, 1852:
"Ingcinga yokuzisa umntu emhlabeni uyandizalisa ngenkuthalo. Ngendiziqalekisile ukuba ndiba ngutata. Itshabalalisile inyama yam kunokuba ndenza umntu ohlazelekileyo.Ukufa
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-Gustava ye-gustart iphazanyiswe ngakumbi isifo sentloko. Abahlobo abalibele kunye nokukhanya, ukukhanya kohlobo lwesiFrentshi kwasweleka nge-8 kaMeyi, i-1880 kwilali yaseCroASSSSELET. Unobangela wokufa kukuhenyuza kwingqondo ngexesha lokuhlaselwa okulandelayo.Umngcwabo wenzeka ngoMeyi 11 phambi kwababhali abadumileyo - I-Emil Zola, Gi Maupessant, Edmond de Goncard, Alfons Dodé. Umzimba uphumla kumandla amangcwaba e-rouemen.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyUninzi lwemisebenzi, amakhulu eefilimu, iiyunivesithi kunye nezitrato ezimbizayo igama lihlala likhumbula iflethi. E-Rung, ngo-2008, i-Gustava iFubert yayakhiwe - ibhulorho ephezulu yokuphakamisa eYurophu, iyonke i-91 m, kunye nokuphakamisa okuphezulu kwe-55 m.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngumsebenzi we-Flaubert waphembelela ngakumbi ababhali banamhlanje: Ukuba akunguye "uNksk Borkov," umhlaba awuyi kufunda imisebenzi yeFranz Kanka okanye i-jean-field yendawo yokuhlala. Ababhali baseFrance bafaka i-bibert kwinyathelo elinye lokuyila, njengo-Arthur Rambo noCharles Baudiler, kwaye iinoveli zakhe zangena kumjikelo omtsha wokuthandwa.
Iikowuti
"Yiba sisidenge, i-egost kwaye impilo entle - ezi ziimeko ezintathu eziyimfuneko ukuze wonwabe. Kodwa ukuba owokuqala kubo akonelanga, ke ezinye azinamsebenzi. "Ubuxoki buthintele," Ubuxoki buyimfuneko, i-Mania, iyolo, kwaye ukuba yimfuneko kwicala lasekunene lesitrato, ke kwakuyimfuneko Ukukholelwa ukuba eneneni wayengu "." Awunako ukuchukumisa izithixo: Ukudakumba kuhlala kwiminwe yethu. "I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1838-IZIXHOBO ZOKUGQIBELA "
- Ngo-1842 - "noNovemba"
- 1857 - "Nksk Bovarie"
- I-1862 - "Salambo"
- I-1868 - "imfundo yezinto eziziimvakalelo"
- Ngo-1874 - "ukuhenda kukaSt. Anthony"
- Ngo-1877 - "amabali amathathu"
- 1881 - "I-Buvar kunye nePeky"
- Ngo-1913 - "i-lexicon yeenyaniso ezinkulu"