Biography
I-biegraphy ye-biography ye-SLAVIC ye-SLAVIC kunye nezenzululwazi ye-Francis Storne inxulunyaniswa nobuchule, iyeza, intanda-bulumko kunye neelwimi. Omnye wabameli be-Belarus ebalaseleyo yokuphela kwe-XV-ukuqala kwe-XVI kwiinkulungwane ezishiyiweyo kwilityeli ngohlobo lwebhayibhile eguqulelwe kulwimi lwecawa yaseSlavonic. Okwangoku, ubuntu bomntu oluntu lwe-epoch edlulileyo nihlonitshwa ngabantu abaninzi baseSlavic. Igama lakhe libizwa ngokuba libizwe ngokweyunivesithi nakwizitrato, kunye ne-odolo kunye ne-megali enikezwe i-properis kwicandelo lezenzululwazi, ubugcisa kunye nemisebenzi yezentlalo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UFrancis Lukich wazalelwa nge-1470 kwisixeko sasePoloksk, omaxesha amandulo wayephakathi kwemida yentloko yaseGithuthethe.
Ukukhankanywa kwabazali ababizwa ngokuba nguLukian noMargarita bagcinwe kwincwadi yeZikhalazo ze-Polilir IV ye-IV ye-IV ye-IV ye-rubleky yexabiso le-velikuks. Kwaye nangona ubuchule bobugcisa kunye nenqanaba lentlalontle lukaTata nomama lwahlala lwaziwa, izazinzulu zathi, Iingcali ziphakamise ukuba babenemali eyaneleyo yokufundisa uNyana kwiSikolo soNxibeya seBernadresines.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka eli-1500, umfana, owasiqondayo iDiploma neLatin, wangena eKrakow. Ukufunda ubugcisa obukhululekileyo obungama-7, phakathi kwefilosofi, ekunene, amayeza kunye nethiyensi, uFrancis wafumana isidanga se-bachelor, kwaye emva koko wafaka isicelo seDyunivesithi yase-Italian kwiPadua.
Ulwazi lwe-diactichlo kunye ne-raitoric yanceda izazinzulu eziqinisekisa izazinzulu ze-aristocrats ukuba zimamele umfana ohluphekayo kwinkosazana. NgoNovemba 9, 1512 phambi kwabaphulaphuli abaphezulu abaphulaphuli abaphezulu, yena ngembeko emi-2 kwaye waba ngugqirha wezayensi zonyango.
Kwaye nangona uFrancis akakaze ufunde kwiziko lemfundo eliphambili leRiphabhlikhi yaseVenetian, embindini wenkulungwane yama-20, umzobo wakhe womqulu wegalari waBafundi abaphumeleleyo.
Emva koko, ulwazi lwezonyango lwe-skorpgin isebenza kwinkonzo yokuveliswa ngokungekho semthethweni i-Porlish uKigissund endandifundele i-Itali kwi-bishop ye-lithuanian e-Liilna.
Iincwadi
Kwenzeka ntoni kwi-skirne nge-1512-1517, ihlala iyimfihlakalo, kodwa ngoku le ngcaciso ilandelayo, yalishiya amayeza kwaye yaba nomdla kwiTypography.
Ukuhlalisa ePrague, uFrancis waqokelela i-typography kwaye waqala ukudluliselwa kweencwadi ezivela kulwimi lwecawa ukuya kwi-East Slavic. Ukuzama itekhnoloji enkulu kumkhuluzelo, kwakuthathela ingqalelo i-Belaria yokuqala eprintiweyo, i-polotsk yokuqala yazisa inzala yeencwadi ezingama-23 zeenguqulelo ezingama-23 zeenguqulelo zeBhayibhile kwaye zenza igalelo elikhulu kwinkcubeko yehlabathi.
Abaphandi baphikisana ixesha elide malunga nolwimi lweencwadi zenkolo etyibilika, kuba i-CLAVIC yeCawa yagcinwa kubo ngamazwi kunye namagama aphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, bagqiba kwelokuba iincwadi zeprinta yayiyibhodi yokuhlela yeklasi, yenziwe lula, eyaziswa kwaye ihlengahlengiswa kwinyani.
Imisebenzi eyavela kumatshini we-skirne yayiyimpumelelo eyodwa yelo xesha. Ixhaswe ziindlela ezimiselwe kwangaphambili kunye nezimvo, bafumana isimilo sehlabathi kwaye basibonisa iSibhalo salo naliphi na inqanaba. Ukongeza, umshicileli wenza kugxilwe ekubeniluleka kwemfundo, ngaphambi kokuba ivele kwimisebenzi yentanda-bulumko yabantu baseYurophu kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Uyilo lweencwadi, unqaba onqabileyo wenziwe ngokuzimeleyo, iiforagram kunye nezinye izinto zokuhombisa. Ngenxa yoko, iinguqulelo zantlandlolo azizange zixabiseke kuphela iincwadi, kodwa nemisebenzi yobugcisa obufanelekileyo.
Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-1520, imeko ePrague iphumile ukuba ibe yinto entle, kwaye uFrancis wayeka indlu yokuprinta wabuyela emhlabeni wakhe. Ukuqhubeka kwemveliso eBelasus, wakhupha ingqokelela yamabali enkolo nawasehlabathini yokufunda, eyaziwa ngokuba yincwadi ethi "incwadi encinci yokubulisa". Kolu shicilelo, umshicileli wenza umbhali kwaye utitshala owaziwa abaphulaphuli ngeyona gama lezinto zendalo kunye noxolo, exelela ikhalenda, i-Astronomy, iiholide ze-folk kunye nezinye izinto ezinomdla.
Ngentwasahlobo ye-1525 yoomatshini abakwiindibano zocweyo zeWilna, uSkrogin wakhupha indalo yokugqibela yompostile, emva koko waya kuhamba eYurophu.
Abaphandi abasaqinisekanga ngendlela ethathiweyo kwaye abakwazi kubhala iinyani ezinomdla kunye neziganeko ezibalulekileyo. Ngokukodwa, akukho luvo olungagungqiyo kutyelelo lwaseJamani kunye neentlanganiso kunye noMsunguli weProtestanti uMartin Luther, iinjongo zomsebenzi wemfundo eMoscow zihlala zinempikiswano.
Kuyaziwa ukuba kula mazwe oKhuseleko lwe-East Slavic agxothwe kwiimbono ezilahlelayo, kwaye imisebenzi yakhe epapashwe kwiindlela zamaKatolika atshiswa esidlangalaleni.
Emva koko, uSkorin waphantse wabandakanyeka kwi-tytography kwaye wasebenza ePrague kwiNkundla yeKing Fordinand ndiyam kumlimi okanye ugqirha.
Ifilosofi kunye nenkolo
Kwiimeko ezimiselwe kwangaphambili kunye namagqabantshintshi kunqulo, skrogin wazibonisa njengesithandi-sobulumko esinamathele kwimfundo yemfundo yaseNtshona Yurophu yaseNtshona. Wahambelana nokwenziwa kwabantu kwaye wacela ukuphuhliswa kweediploma kunye nezakhono zeeleta.
Njengomntu ophambili kwintloko yeLithuanine, uFrancis walithanda ilizwe lakhe kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba iimbono zakhe zinyanzelekile ukuba zabelane nalo lonke umntu onesidima. Izibhalo ezisebhayibhileni zinegalelo ekusasazeni indawo yokujonga iindaba, ukhathalela imfundo yobuntu, umbutho woluntu kunye nokusekwa kobomi obukhuselekileyo othuliseko emhlabeni.
Akukho zimpawu ngqo zenkolo kunye nokudibana kwenkolo yelali yasePolotsk. Oovimba balondoloze iphepha, ngokuthi gca ekwanokuvela ku-Francis akweyiphi na amahlelo akhoyo, abizwa ngokuba ngu-Czechx obizwa ngokuba ngumwexeki weCzech kunye nekatic.
Ukonwaba ngemisebenzi ebhaliweyo kwiikomshini zamaKatolika, uSkrogin unokuba ngumlandeli weCawa yamaKristu yaseYurophu yaseYurophu, owacinga ngokwakhe ophethe inyaniso emhlabeni.
Ngenxa yoku, iinguqulelo "zeMizekeliso ngoTsar Solomon" kunye "neeNgoma", ezazigxekwa zatshiswa nguOrthodox Moscow phakathi kwe-1530s.
Ukongeza, isalamane sabashicileli uJohn Carrysans, ngokwembali yamaxwebhu embali, yayingumKatolika onenzondelelo kunye ne-polotsky ye-polotsky. Oku kunika ilungelo lokucinga ukuba bonke abantwana bohlobo lwesikhuni baphakama elukholweni olunye kwaye babhaptizwa kwizithethe, oko kudala kwamiselwa ngamaPontiffs yaseRoma.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho uluvo lokuba uFrancis ngokupheleleyo unokuvuma kuOrthodoxy. Oku kuthiwa kolu upapasho lwe-1522-1525, apho iphiko lemilinganiselo yokufundisa yemKristu ibonakalise: i-Flavic Slavic Slavic eNgcwele ISibhalo.
Ukongeza, izazinzulu zafumanisa ukuba emva koviwo kwiPadua Skorina yafumana iDiploma kwiSakhiwo seYunivesithi, kwaye ingekho etempileni, njengabanye abafundi abangamaKatolika.
Okwesithathu kwaye uninzi lwenkolo luye lwafunyanwa nguSkirne luthathwa njengezingamaProtestanti. Ngenxa yoku, ubudlelwane kunye nabaHlaziyi kunye nomsunguli weLuthere, kunye nenkonzo ye-Königsberg Doke Albrecht Bbakh Tabbhh, ikwachazwa.
Ubomi Buqu
Oovimba baphantse baphantse banxulumene nobomi bobuqu nosapho lweFrancis Storne. Ukususela kwinqaku elifutshane kucacile ukuba phakathi phakathi kwe-1520s, umfazi onokukhanya waba ngumhlolokazi owayenguMargarita.
Ukongeza, ulwazi lubandakanyiwe kwizandla zebhayoloji, ngokubhekisele kuMzalwana oMkhulu uIvan Skorne, oshiye ityala elishicilelweyo kunye namabango obolekayo emva kokufa.
Oku kwenzeke ngo-1529, xa uFrancis waphulukana neqabane lakhe waza wamsa unyana omncinci kaSimon kuphela. Imiphumo yayiyintlekele, kuba umyeni notata ngelishwa bafakwa entolongweni kwaye kuphela inkxalabo yomtshanane iRoma ikwazile ukufezekisa ipropathi kunye nokunyaniseka ngokupheleleyo.
Ukufa
Njengoko uninzi lwezibakala ezivela kubomi bukaFrancis Skraryna, owona nobangela wokufa awaziwa.
Izazinzulu zicebisa ukuba oku kwenzeke ePrague malunga ne-1551, kuba kunjalo ngeli xesha inzala yomshicileli okufika kweli dolophu ngokungena kwipropathi yooyise.
Kwinkumbulo yempumelelo ye-lekary, iprinta, isithandi-sobulumko kwaye siyinyikime kwilitye lesikhumbuzo, i-Minsk ifake ifilimu ye-Oleg Yokovsky kwaye ikhuphe ingqekembe ye-rublen ye-ruble.
Imemori
- I-Gymnasium ebizwa emva kweFrancis Skorne eRadoSshkovichi
- I-Central Avenue ebizwa emva kweFrancis Skorne kwi-polotsk
- Iphecana elibhalwe emva kokuba uFrancis Skorina kwi-Mnusk
- Iplanethi encinci №3283 "uFrancis Scarina"
- Ifilimu "I, Francis cumorin ..."
- Izikhumbuzo Francis Storne e Pollotsk, Minek, Lida, Kanalincerad, Prague
- Isidima se-COIN RUBITION 1 i-rubble kwi-500 yezikhumbuzo ze-Francis Storne
- IYunivesithi yaseGomel egama linguFrancis Skorne