Biography
U-Eduard Avrosievich uShevardhla nguMongameli waseGeorgia. Ubukho benkqubo yezopolitiko yeSoviet, eyakwazi ukwakha umsebenzi ophantsi kwaye ukhwela kwiOlimpiki yezopolitiko. Umsebenzi wakhe uvavanywa yinzala ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo - umntu okholelwa ukuba wasindisa iGeorgia ngexesha lokuqulunqwa kwelizwe emva kokuchithwa kwemanyano.Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyAbanye bayigxeka into awayiphosayo xa wayesiya kubacebisi baseMelika abaceba ukwamkela "ihlazo le-rose" kunye nenkokeli yakhe uMikhail Saangashvili kwaye uyala amandla. Ngayiphi na imeko, i-Eduard Amprosievich ngumgcini omkhulu kwimbali yeGeorgia yanamhlanje. Kwindlela yezopolitiko i-shevadonadze ibizwa ngokuba sisilivere impungutye.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
Wazalwa nge-25 kaJanuwari, ngo-1928 kwilali yaseMatima LanceHetky yesithili se-Georgia SSR. Ngobuzwe, amaGeorgians. Utata wakhe wasebenza njengomfundisi wolwimi lwaseRussia noncwadi, uMama - inkosikazi yendlu. Intsapho yayiqhelene ngakumbi, kwaye amagama abantwana engaqhelekanga ukuba iGeorgia. Umzalwana umfundi wabizwa ngokuba yi-EPERGraf, okulandelayo, udade unegama leVesus.
"Yiyo yonke le nto ilungelwa ngunyokweni wethu kuYise. Wayenelungelo ukunika amagama abantwana. Uchithwe, efundiswe kwaye ethanda amagama athile, "uAuserd Avrosievich wachaza kudliwanondlebe.NguMzalwan 'uAkaki kuphela ofumana igama lemveli laseGeorgia. Ke yena efundisa, umakhulu wakhe wambiza naye. Utata wosapho waphantse wawa phantsi kwengcinezelo. Wayelumkisiwe ngomnye wabafundi, kwaye imvumi yanyanzelwa ukuba ifihle. Ngethamsanqa, kwintsapho enkulu, yonke into iphelele kakuhle.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyKuyaziwa ukuba umzalwana okhulileyo kaShevardedodze Akaki wasweleka kwiminyaka engama-20 xa ekhusela inqaba enqabileyo ngoJuni 22 ngo-1941.
Ukususela kwiminyaka eli-10, uEduard uqala ukunceda abazali kwaye enze ngeposi. Umama notata babephupha ukuba ngunyana ukuba abe ngugqirha. KwiCaucasus nabazali abayi kuphikisana, kwaye uEduard washiywa eTsilisi. Apha wangena kweyona ndlela yonyango, ephumelele ngembeko. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuphumelela, isikhundla sentloko yeSebe leKomsomol lamkelwe.
Ebutsheni bakhe, uShevabdonuze uzibonakalisa nge-Komsomol enamandla, ehlala echasa ulutsha lwaseGeorgia ngentetho engathandekiyo. Iiqabane eziphezulu kwiqela, amaKomanisi, phawula umfana onyanisekileyo kwaye uqalise ukukhuthaza kwiqela. Sele kwiminyaka engama-25, uEduard uba ngunobhala wokuqala we-komsomol gorm e kutaisi.
Kufanelekile ukuba isimangalisi sokuba umama kaShevadonhla akanakumxolela unyana de kuphele ubomi bakhe, ukuba uphefumla abazali bakhe kwaye waya kubo. Uthathele ingqalelo ezopolitiko ishishini elingenanto.
"Kungangcono ukuba ufunde ukulungiselela ukubandezeleka kwam," utshilo u-Eduard.Ubomi osebenzayo bopolitiko khange bamphazamise ekufumaneni imfundo ephezulu. UneDiploma ye-Kutais Pedagogical Institute egama linguAlexander Tsulukidze.
Umsebenzi wezopolitiko
Ngo-1956, amaKomanisi ahlanganisana eMoscow kwi-XX yeCongress Congress (Umbutho wamaKomanisi weSoviet Union), apho uNikita Khrushchev uyaphikisana nokulinywa kobuntu baseStalin. Emva koko, amaqhinga amaninzi aqala eTsilisi, apho abantu abaselula babandakanyeka ngenkuthalo.Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNgenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, abantu abangama-21 bafa emkhosini. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yale kutaisi ibonakala ngathi sisiqithi sokuzola - kukho indawo esizinzileyo. Ababhali-mbali abanakho ukuphikisana ngokuthe ngqo ukuba le yayiyimfihlo yonobhala wokuqala wedolophu yaseKomsomol Shevardeda, kodwa ufumana idinga elitsha - iposti yoxanduva lonobhala we-SKSM ye-SKSM ye-SKSM ye-SKSR ye-SKSR ye-SKSR ye-SKSR ye-SKSR ye-SKSR iphathisiwe. Ngeli xesha, kwi-xiiing congress yombutho weKomsomol, isiganeko somhlaba senzeka-siyazi nge-mikhail gorbachev.
Ukususela ngo-1961, uShevardnaddad uqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe kwizikhundla zeCPU. Unobhala wokuqala wekomiti ephakathi yeqela lamaKomanisi le-vasily mzhavavaze enyule uEdward Avrosievich nguSekela-Mphathiswa Wez Adolo-ntsapho. Uninzi lujongile ukuba alunakuphakanyiswa, kodwa kubhekiselelwe.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNgo-1965, uShevadombaDherdad untloko kwiCandelo lokuKhuselwa kweNkqubo, ngenye yabizwa kamva kubulungiseleli bangaphakathi. Ukunyuka kwakhe kukhuthazwe lusihlalo wonxibelelwano kwi-USSR KGB vladimir seypass. Kula mathuba ukuba afumane igama lesidlaliso le-Fick Free ye-Frey, eyayivele ngelo xesha, kunye nokukwazi ukushiya ezona meko zinzima.
Kwezi ndawo, uShevardnadda waphawula ukuqubha kwezikhundla zeqonga lemicimbi yezangaphandle. Njengoko inkonzo "yabhabha" ii-buspares ezibizwa ngokuba ze-buhodi egxalabeni, ezenziwe zinyova.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNgo-1972, waqeshwa nguNobhala wokuqala wekomiti ephakathi yeqela lamaKomanisi le-Georgia SSR. Kwaoko iphulo lokuchasa urhwaphilizo kunye noqoqosho lwesithunzi luqala. Kwiminyaka enesiqingatha, i-Eduary Avrosievich, uninzi lwabaphathiswa, oonobhala besithili, iidolophu, oomahluko babo baphulukene nezithuba zabo.
Ngo-1978, isikrelemnqa sakhubeka eGeorgia. Kwiprojekthi entsha yomgaqo-siseko weRiphabhlikhi yolwimi lwaseGeorgia ayizange inamathisele imeko yombuso. Uqhankqalazo oluninzi. Ungquzulwano luphazamisa uShevadonhla, owakholosile ubunkokeli belizwe ukwenza abantu baseGeorgia. Amangqina okuzibonela ukuba emva kobizo eMoscow kunye nencoko kunye neGersen Leonid Brezhnev, uEdward Amvrosievich weza kwindimbane yaze wathi:
"Bazalwana, yonke into iya kuba yindlela oyifunayo!".Ngo-1985, uShevardvadze usebenza kwisikhundla soMphathiswa weMicimbi ye-USSR. I-mikhail gorbachev yeza ezweni. Isigqibo sibangela intetho evakalayo-i-Eduard Avvrosievich ayinamava omgaqo-nkqubo welinye ilizwe. Ukongeza, ezo ntlawulo zinjalo zizeziilwimi zasemzini, apho shevadordad ineengxaki. Ngesi sizathu, ekuqaleni iyakhatywa, kodwa iodolo ngumyalelo.
I-Gorbachev njengomenzi wobuchulebala ukuba kukho iqhinga elikhethekileyo lokwakha ubudlelwane nentshona. Ngesicwangciso sakhe, uShevadonadzard ufanele abe bubuso bomgaqo-nkqubo wendlela entsha yokucinga. Kwaye waphumelela. Kudliwanondlebe nenkqubo "ityelele i-DIMMICY GMMGO", ikhokelela kwincwadi yencwadi yase-US uMongameli wase-US URonat Unian, ophendula ngaye 'njengomfundisi weSoviet Union. "
U-Shevarddad wakwazi ukulawula "ukuphinda uqalise" ubudlelwane bamazwe aseNtshona, enkosi apho ixesha elide "lokulwa" ligqityiwe. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwakhe, ukupheliswa komkhosi waseSoviet ukusuka kumhlaba waseAfghanistan wenziwa.
NgoDisemba wowe-1990, kwi-Vi Congress yoManyano lwaBantu, ipolitiki ivakalisa, isizathu sokuba i-mikhail gorbachev iyo. Ubungqina bokuba bubunzulu beenjongo zakhe kukuphuma ngokukhawuleza koluhlu lweqela lamaKomanisi. Emva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, ipolitiki ihlala isembindini wonyango. Ngokuza kwamandla, uBoris Yeltsin malunga nokubuyela kwakhe eMoscow kunye nesikhundla esitsha asiyo kunye nokuthetha.
Umongameli waseGeorgia
Ngo-1992, unikelwe ukuba athathe iBhodi enguMongami waseGeorgia. Uyavumelana, njengokuba iqinisekile ukuba wayengabuyanga, eli lizwe babeza kufela. Kwakuloo nyaka, kuvela imbambano phakathi kweGeorgia neAkhazia, eyavakalisa umnqweno wokwahlukana nelizwe elizimeleyo. Umkhosi waseGeorgia kule ntshutshiso ihlupheka emva kokungcungcutheka kwenqwelomoya. Kwindawo ye-Abkhaz kukho imisebenzi yobuhlanga.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyKunyulo lowe-1995 no-2000, uShevadonada waphumelela kwiimbambo, kodwa akanakuba yinkokeli yabantu baseGeorgia. Ukuzama kabini kuthatha imizamo. Ngo-1995, wenzakala emva kokuqhushumba kwebhombu, kwaye ngo-1998 wayesaphila kwibhokisi "Mercedes".
Ukuwa kuka-2003, ukungavisisani ngenxa yonyulo kwiPalamente kuqalisa elizweni. Inkcaso ithathela ingqalelo iziphumo ze-vols. Ke qalisa "inguquko" ekhokelela ekunikezelweni kweShevadonadze. Ilizwe liphela lazikhusela iifreyimu, njengoko wayenezandla ezinxulumene negumbi lokuhlangana.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyKwibhayiloji, ezopolitiko ziyakhuphisana. Abasemagunyeni abatsha bamthumela kumhlala-phantsi, ubungakanani be- $ 410 ngenyanga. U-Eduary Avvrosievich wakhalaza ukuba ayinayo le mali ukuvala iintlawulo zezixhobo. Waqhubeka ehlala kwindawo ahlala kuyo. Urhulumente wamnika ukuba akhusele, kwaye imoto yazisa ubunkokeli baseJamani.
Indlu yakhe yayifana neMyuziyam. Iindonga zininzi iifoto ezinamaxesha aqaqambileyo zobomi obugcwelekileyo.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukuba kunyango kwi-sanatorium, u-Eduard udibana nentombazana engagungqiyo yeTsugarishvili. Iimvakalelo ezivuthayo phakathi kwabantu abancinci. Kwavela ukuba utata ubekhwele-utshaba lwabantu ababesele bedutyulwe ngelo xesha. Ngaphandle koku, uShevadonadzard uza kuthatha isigqibo sokutshata nentombazana. Wayebangelwa ziingxoxo zothintelo kwikomiti ephakathi, apho bazama ukuchaza ingozi yesenzo esandayo. Kodwa uEdiard akakhali intanda.Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyWonwabile ebomini bakhe. Abantwana ababini bazalwa emtshatweni: unyana welinga nentombi yabaseMana. I-Sheaus Shevardonadda yaya enyamekela kwaye inothando ngotatomkhulu kunye nogogo wabazukulwana abane. Umfazi wabandakanyeka kubuntatheli, wayengabahlobo kunye nonyango oludumileyo juna.
Umlingane u-Edward uShevardhla we-2004 oneminyaka engama-75 ubudala. Unobangela wokufa waba sisifo sentliziyo. Ngaphandle kwentanda, uMongami waseGeorgia wayehlala eminye iminyaka eli-10.
Ukufa
Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bukaEduard Avvrosievich yayigula kakhulu. Umgaqo-nkqubo wokusweleka ufikile nge-7 kaJulayi ngo-2014. NgoJulayi 11, kwaqhutywa ukuba isicaka saseburhulumenteni, kwaye kwiintsuku ezimbini kamva - umngcwabo. Ngokwamyolo, intlawulelo yokugqibela ye-Eduard Avvrosievich uShevardze waba yintendelezo yendlu yakhe yeTnilisi, kufutshane nengcwaba lalikhululekile.
Amabhaso
- Ngo-1981 - iqhawe lomsebenzi wentlalontle
- Ii-odolo ezi-5 ze-lenin
- I-odolo yenguqu ka-Okthobha
- Ngo-1985-I-odolo yemfazwe ye-patriotic ye-1Cegree
- I-odolo yebhendi ebomvu yabasebenzi
- Ngo-1999 - I-odolo yePrince Yaroslav inobulumko