Biography
I-Karl Orf yimvumi yaseJamani kunye nomqambi, abo babhali-mbali babiza amava e-bavarian. Imisebenzi yombhali ihlukile kwaye ilula, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kwaye inomdla. I-Cantata "I-Carmina Burana" ithathelwa ingqalelo eyona ndlela idumileyo ye-orf. Emsebenzini wakhe, umqambi wakhuthaza i-symiosis yomculo kunye nethiyetha. Wayengafuni ukuba umculo wakhe unxibelelane nohlobo olunyulu lwe-opera.
Igalelo elikhulu lemvumi alikho kuphela kwilifa lombhali, liqulathe ubuchule ophumeleleyo. Orc ucinga ngokukhulisa abantu abancinci kwaye wenza ukubheja kuphuhliso lwecala lokuyila lomntu.
Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Munich iba nguMary Orta's yaseKarl. Inkwenkwe yazalwa nge-10 kaJulayi 1895. Wayeyinzala yohlanga lwamaYuda. Imo yemozulu yokuyila isoloko ilawula kwindlu ye-oron. Utata wayenezixhobo zomculo ogqibeleleyo, ngoko ke unyana otyhidiweyo unyana weva ukusuka kwiminyaka encinci. Ukuphuhliswa kobuchule bokuyingela ubuchule obunegalelo kuMama, owakukhathalelayo ukuphakanyiswa koNyana.
Umculo wawunomdla kwiKarl ukusukela ebuntwaneni. Wayekuthanda ukumamela abazali abadlalwa, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe baqalisa ukufunda amanqaku ezixhobo. Xa i-orfacy yayineminyaka emi-4 ubudala, yaqala ukubona ukusebenza kwethiyetha ye-pop. Umntwana wachukumiseka kakhulu kwaye ukusukela emva koko kwakudlalela oonodoli.
Kwiminyaka emi-5 ubudala, waqala wawulawula umdlalo kwipiyano. Wathanda ukuphucula, kwaye igram yomculo yanikwa ngaphandle kobunzima. Inkwenkwana eneminyaka emi-6 ubudala yanika isikolo. Sele esazi indlela yokufunda nokubhala umbulelo kumama, uKarl waphoswa zizifundo, kodwa ngemibongo kunye namabali aqaqambileyo ekhaya. Imisebenzi emibini yombhali oselula yaye yaprinta kwimagazini yabantwana.
Inkanuko yethiatha yethippepe yenyuka. UKarl waqalisa ukubeka i-homemade onsey, etsala udade omncinci. Wayethetha nguMbhali womculo, izicatshulwa kunye neziqwenga. Nge-14, umfana watyelela i-opera indlu okokuqala. Ukuqhelana 'ne-Deletch "uRichard Wagner, wachukumiseka, waphosa isikolo kwaye wachitha ixesha lepiyano. Kwi-16 uKarl waphosa indawo yokuzivocavoca kwaye waqalisa ukulungiselela abazali bakhe ukuba bafundisise kwiZiko loMculo. Umfana weza ngo-1912.
Inkqubo yeNkampani ye-Academy ayisebenzi kwi-orpha ukuba inyuse. Wangena ngomsebenzi kaClaude Jumbeus kwaye wayefuna ukuya eParis ukuze afunde eSol, kodwa abazali banxamnye nabo. Emva kokugqiba ngo-1914, uKarl waba ngumphathi wekonisathi kwindlu ye-opera kwaye waqhubeka nokuthatha izifundo kwi-Herman Tsilhera.
Ngo-1916 wafumana isikhundla sekammerisuser kwi "Kamersshil" ithiyetha. Ulonwabo lwe-novice Plateser yayilifutshane: Waphazamisa imfazwe. Umfana wangena kwiMpuma ngaphambili, yenzekala kwaye wajongwa kwaye wabuyela ngasemva. Waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe weqonga i-Mannheim Theatre, emva koko wafudukela eMunich.
Umculo
Ukufuna ukungena kumxholo weenkcukacha, i-orf yaba nomdla kwi-pedagogy. Wayebandakanyekile ekutsaleni, ukunxibelelana neemvumi eziceba ukungena kwiZiko loMculo, umxholo okholwayo awuzange oneliswe. Ngo-1923, kunye nomtshato omtsha, umthambo, uGüntre, uKarl wavula iSikolo seMipu yaseGunirhule noMculo, apho waba ngutitshala. Iphawula ukuqala kokuyilwa kwendlela yakhe yemfundo yomculo. Umbhali uchaza umbono wakhe kwincwadi ebizwa ngokuba ngu "schulversk". Uphume ngo-1932.
I-synthesis yentshukumo, umculo kunye namagama zibekwe entliziyweni yomgaqo we-orph. Iindlela "zomculo wabantwana" zibandakanya ukubhengezwa kobuchule bokuyila komntwana ngokuphucula umsebenzi kwelinye okanye kwelinye icala.
Umqambi wanika imfundo ngokufunda umdlalo kwizixhobo zomculo. Uye waphuhlisa "ukuhlelwa kwenqanaba elibalulekileyo", ukudibanisa yonke inkqubo ngekota eqhelekileyo. Imvumi ide ilungiselele izixhobo, ngokuxhomekeke ekutshintsheni, zihlala zihambelana nokuphucula abantwana kunye nabantwana.
Ngokuthe ngcembe, umqambi utshintsha izinto eziphambili kwaye wangena ekudaleni umculo kwakhona. Isidalwa sakhe esidumileyo sithathwa njenge- "Carmpaya Burana" ("I-Carmpaya Burana"). Umsebenzi wawusekwe kwibali "iingoma zikaFoyurin", ezifumaneka ngonyaka we-1802 kwi-monastery. Imibhalo yezandla yayigcina lo mbongo weGoliradov, owabhala umculo apho ubhalwe nguKarl. Izihloko eziphakanyiswe ngababhali benkulungwane ye-13 yenkulungwane ye-20.
Umbhalo obhaliweyo wayengumzobo wevili lethamsanqa, elalisebenza njengesiseko sokuqulunqwa. Ivili lijikeleza, kwaye imeko itshintshwe imeko, imeko yengqondo. "I-carmina burana" yaba yinxalenye ye-1 ye-trilogy, kunye ne-caulli carmina kunye ne-trionfo dis aff-aff-afffodite-elandelayo elandelayo. Umthi obizwa ngokuba yingqondo yakhe umthendeleko wokuvumelana nomoya womntu, ukulinganisa phakathi kwenyama nezokomoya.
I-Preiere ye-cantita yenzeka ngo-1937. Umsebenzi waphumelela kakhulu phakathi kwamaNazi abeza emandleni. I-Goebbels kunye noHitler babengabalandeli bakhe. Impumelelo yesincoko i-essay iqaphelwe yonke ithamsanqa le-orph. Ingoma ethi "O Fortu" uqhelene nezo zabomeleleyo kwi-Opera.
Igunya leKarl Orfa laliphakame kakhulu. Unikwe igunya lokudala umculo ukuba uvelise "ukulala ngobusuku behlobo". Ukudalwa kukaFelix Mendelssohh ngoko ke kuvalwa eJamani, kunye nesinye isisombululo somqambi sabonakala. I-Orf ihlala imcaphukisa umsebenzi wayo kwaye iphinda iphinde isebenze umsebenzi. Ngenxa yoku, i-Premeere yavalelwa kude kube ngo-1964.
Okothusayo kukuba phambi kweengcambu zamaYuda, imvumi ikwazile ukuphumelela indawo karhulumente waseJamani. Kwisiphelo semfazwe, wadweliswa kuluhlu lwabantsundu lwemboniso yomlomo kaHitler, kodwa ingxaki yayimjikeleza ngabahlobo kunye noKurt Huber. Ke i-orf ifumene ithuba lokubuyela kwi-Pedagogy kunye nomculo. Ngo-1955, umqambi uzinze kwi-dissene-in-Ammesee, kamva efudukele eSalbourg. Apho wakhokelwa ziziko apho kusetyenziswa khona inkqubo yokufunda ye-orm-schulverk yakhe.
Ukuyila kukaKarl Orla kuyaziwa nakwimisebenzi enjalo 'yinyanga "," krelekrele ", ebizwa ngokuba nguMbhali we-Operaus," Antigon "no-Edip". Imvumi ifumene ingqalelo enkulu kwixabiso lesingqisho, kwaye izixhobo azithandayo zezona zigreyitha.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yokugqibela yomqambi - umdlalo ongacacanga "uGqirha ekupheleni kwamaxesha", wadala ngo-1973. Isetyenziswe kwifilimu "zomhlaba ochithisiweyo" kunye "nothando lokwenene". Ukususela ngo-1975, i-Orc ibibandakanyekile ekupapashweni kwezinto ezivela kwindawo yakhe yogcino.
Ubomi Buqu
UKarl Orf wayenandipha ingqalelo yabafazi. Wayetshatile okokuqala kwiminyaka engama-25. Inkosi yomqambi yayiyimculi ye-opera alyer. Umfazi wazala intombi ebizwa ngokuba yi-theresibheli. Intombazana yayikuphela kwendlalifa ye-orfa. Eminye imitshato yayingamzisi abantwana. Ubomi bukaKarl noAlice khange bubekele. Emva kweminyaka emi-5, uqhawulo-mtshato lwenzekile, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1925 ukuya ku-1939 kwanikwa imvumelwano.
Uthando lwesibini lwe-orphi lwaba ngugqirha uGertrud Wallert Walalart. Intombazana yayingaphantsi kweminyaka eli-19 ubudala kwaye ayikwazanga ukumelana naye iminyaka engaphezu kwe-4. Ngo-1954, uCarl wadityaniswa nomtshato nombhali onguLouise Rizer, kodwa lo mbanjwa wayebuthathaka. Kwiminyaka engama-65, umqambi otshatileyo uLiseartete Schmitz, osebenza njengonobhala. Le ntombazana yayincinci kunaye Lowo unyuliweyo waza waba lingqina lokufa kwakhe. Ngo-1982, iqabane lesine lemvumi ladala isiseko segama lakhe kwaye lalawula umbutho de kwango-2012.
Ukufa
Ibhayiloji ye-Karl Orfa igcwele izibakala ezinomdla ezingqina ukuba ikamva lintle kuye. Waphelela ubomi bokugqibela, waba yilungu leDyunivesithi yaseRegensburg, i-Nuremberg Academmy yezoBugcisa, i-Academy yeBavaria yeBantaria kunye neSantaria yaseRoma. Ukongeza, imvumi yaba ngugqirha weDyunivesithi yaseTubingen naseMunich University of Ludwig-Maximilian.
I-Karl Orf ifumene amabhaso okuphindaphindiweyo njengoko eqonda igalelo lakhe kubugcisa nenkcubeko yaseJamani. Ngo-1975, waziswa yimeko yommi wase-Mudich waseMunich, kwaye ngo-2001, oosomazinzululwazi bakwa i-Asteroid igama lakhe.
I-Orc ibandezelekile kwi-pancreatic umhlaza. Esi sifo sihamba kancinci sathatha impilo yomqambi kwaye yabangela ukufa. UKarl Orf wasweleka kunyaka wama-87 wobomi, ngo-Matshi 29, 1982. Uthuli lwaKho lwangcwatyelwa kwiCawe ye-Andex Monastery kufutshane neMunich.
Imisebenzi yomculo
- Ngo-1937 - "i-carmina burana"
- Ngo-1937 - "inyanga"
- Ngo-1942 - "Katulli Carmina"
- Ngo-1943 - "I-Ijemssis
- Ngo-1943-1945 - "Bernaurerin"
- Ngo-1947 - "Antigona"
- Ngo-1950- "Aphrodite uloyisoph '
- Ngo-1957 - "Tsar dip"
- Ngo-1963 - "promeleto"
- Ngo-1972 - "Iimfihlakalo zokuphela"