Biography
UAlexander Triorponovich Tvardovsky - uMeeviet Umbhali, owamiselwa ukuba wenze umfanekiso ongafiyo wejosi vasily vatken. Kubomi bakhe bokudala bekukho iziganeko ezininzi ezenze imbongi kunye noloyiso, kwaye woyisa.Izenzo zeTROWSKY njengomthetho-mthethweni womhleli weMagazini "iLizwe elitsha" labangela ukungoneliseki kwecandelo eliphambili kuncwadi nokupapasha izindlu ze-USSR. Wahamba ngokuchasene nembono. Ngoku okubizwa ngokuba zibizwa ngokuba zii-Anthes, kwaye uAlexander Postinovich, ngokutshutshiswa:
"Uncwadi oluhanjisiweyo lwabantu abanobuchule kwi-Devielges, apho babeqhutywa yimbali, ixesha, iimeko."Ubuntwana noLutsha
Umbhali wazalwa nge-21 kaJuni, 1910 kwifama iZagorne, kwi-pochingovsky yesithili sommandla weSmolensk. Ngokukhuseleka kukatata, umhlaba kwathiwa yifama yeFlosisha Podlosovo. Lo mhlaba, intloko yeTronon Gorordeevich Intsapho ifunyenwe ngeBhanki ngezelelo. Wayengumntu oqaqambileyo, kodwa wayefuna ukuzinikela kwezolimo. Umama wembongi uMaria MitDanovna wayezibambile kwiyadi yodidi kwaye wayenengxaki ekhaya.
Ngokutsho kweenkumbulo ze-Alexander Prifonovich, usapho lwaluphila lube nzima, nangona sele kukho ulwazi olunenkqubela. Intsapho yayilawula intshabalalo ekhethekileyo, eyayinefuthe kwimbono yobomi bukaSasha. Umama unokuchukumisa iinyembezi zeengoma ezazicula entsimini, okanye umbono womthi onesizungu. Ungene kuwo wonke umphefumlo unembono yendalo kwaye akakwazanga ukubingelela ngevumba lamayeza asandul 'ukwenziwa kunye nomhlaba omanzi emva kwemvula.
Utata ngokuhlwa wafunda abantwana beencwadi. Kwi-autobiography yakhe, i-Tardordovsky ibhala ngale ndlela wadibana nomsebenzi ka-Alexander Puykin, Mikhail Lermontov, eNikolai Golstoy. UTrion GordEeevich wangqele kakuhle kwaye wayewazi imibongo emininzi ngentliziyo. Indinyana yokuqala ye-TROVVSKY TROVKSKY YAYIPHILA XA AKUKHO BUKA KUFANELEKILEYO. Uxelele ukuba ayinayo "i-lada, akukho mqolo."
"Ndikhumbula ngokucacileyo ukuba kukho inkanuko, eshushu ngaphambi kokuzala kwentliziyo, umnqweno wokuzala ukukhanya kwaye ngokukhawuleza, umbono, utshilo uAlexander Trifich.Abazali baphatha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhala uNyana. Umama wazisola kwaye unexhala, ngokungathi uyaziva ingcinga ebuhlungu yekamva. Kwaye utata wakhe wayenekratshi, kodwa kwiincwadi awayeziqhele ukuba umsebenzi wokubhala awuzisi mali inkulu. Enye kubadali kwaye bahlala bengabenzi kwaye bahlupheke.
Nge-13, uAlexander ubonakalisa umbongo ngutitshala. Uqala ukugxeka: awunakubhala ukuze yonke into icacile kwangoko. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kuncwadi lwale mihla kubalulekile ukuba yonke into ifanelekile kwaye ayiqondakali. Kwaye njengobungqina bamazwi akhe banika inkwenkwe ukuba ifunde imibongo yakudala yama-20s. Imbongi encinci yayinamathandabuzo malunga nobuchule babo.
Ngo-1924, uqala ukubhala amanqaku amaphephandaba eSmolensk ngenxa yezihloko eziphambili - iibhulorho ezinesiphene, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamagosa. Kwifama, abahlali beza kuye kwaye bahlala bebhenela kwi-Komsomol Tvardovsky enezikhalazo zokubhala malunga nomohlwayo.
Ngeli xesha, uAlexander ubuyela ekubhalweni kwemibongo. Kwiphephandaba "I-Smolenskaya iLali" ipapashwa ivesi "i-Izba". Uye kwiSmolensk, kwi-ofisi yoHlelo lwephephandaba "lokusebenza", apho aqhelene ne-mingail makakovsky.
Ndiyithandile imibongo yewadi. Ewe kunjalo, babengafezekanga, kunye nemibongo yayo nayiphi na imibongo yayo nayiphi na i-novice ye-novice, kodwa kwakungekho nzima ukuqaphela ukuba i-Tvardovsky ibhala njengenye, "Ismokovky yabelwa kwiimemo zakhe.Ngesandla sakhe esikhanyayo kwiphepha lesithathu lapapasha imibongo emibini kunye nomfanekiso wembongi yasemaphandleni. Emva kokuphumelela, ixesha elineminyaka eli-18 ubudala le-TROVSKY le-smolensk. Ayikwazi ukufumana umsebenzi, elambile, iphazamisekile njengoko enako. Kodwa ngenxa yam igqibe kwelokuba ndingathandabuzeki ukuba akunakuba nantetho ngokubuyela kwilali.
Emva kopapasho lwemibongo kwimagazini ka-Oktobha, uAlexander Trifinovich Amagqabi eMoscow, apho ijongene nengxaki efanayo-ukunqongophala kwengqondo kunye nentswela-ngqesho. Ke ngoko, ithatha isigqibo sokubuyela kwi-smolensk. Apha Ungena kwiZiko LeDatha, apho wafunda iminyaka emi-2, kwaye ngo-1936 eqhubeka noqeqesho kwimbali yeMoscow kunye ne-helisosophical.
Indalo
Ngeminyaka yee-1930s, imbongi idala imibongo "yendlela yokuya kwimbuthossism" kunye "nelizwe laseMurai", elichaza i-rangivotion njengesiqalo sobomi obuncinci. Okubangela umdla kukuba, ukuxhasa urhulumente waseStalin, uAlexander, kunye nomntakwabo kunye nabazali, ukungcwaba i-Pelin - ngo-1931 kwafuneka anda kwi-oxaction kunye nekhonkco. Ifama enike ixesha elininzi kunye namandla wamnika utata wembongi, watshabalaliswa ngamanye abantu belali.
Ngo-1939, uAlexander usebenza kwiphephandaba "eligcina ilizwe." Ngeli xesha, iqala ukuqamba lo mbongo "Vasily Torkin". Imele inani leziqendu malunga nemfazwe, eqhagamshelwe kuphela liqhawe eliphambili. UTvardovsky wayekholelwa ukuba unokutshabalala nangaliphi na ixesha okanye umntu ovela kubafundi, ngenxa yoko wakhetha umsebenzi onjalo.
"Ukuwela" yenye yeqhekeza lokuqala lombongo. Imbongi ibone iimfazwe zegazi kwi-Karelian Isthmus ngexesha leMfazwe yaseSoviet-Finnish. Imibongo ipapashwa kwiphephandaba ngaphambili "Krasnoarmeyskaya pravda". Baba yinxalenye yobomi bamajoni angaphambili. Enkosi kwiTurkin, i-tvardovsky iba ngumbhali wemfazwe. Imigca evela kumbongo ibhabha ngaphandle kwezicatshulwa:
Ukulwa kuyangcwele kwaye kulungile.Umlo wokufa awenzelwanga ngenxa yozuko
Ubomi basemhlabeni.
Ngo-1942, i-Tvardovsky ivile ibali lomlo, othatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yetanki elinzima. Ibali lombongo "Takistist" malunga nenkwenkwe, iqhawe elingachazwanga lomkhosi, owanceda abasebenzi ukuba bafikelele kwintsimi yotshaba.
Ngo-1946, uAlexander Trimonovich ubhala umbongo "kwindlu yendlela" malunga neenyanga zokuqala zemfazwe enkulu yemfazwe enkulu. Imibongo emibini "yemigca" "zinikezelwa kwiimpawu ezingenamkhosi ezingenantsingiselo," ndambulala phantsi kweRzev. " Kwandula ke, ngo-1953, kukho umbongo "kumgama-dal". Kuyo, imbongi inika uvavanyo lobuqu lwehlelo likaStalin, libonisa ubomi nokufa.
Ngo-1950, i-tvardovsky yonyule isikhundla somhleli oyintloko weli phephancwadi iMagazini "kwihlabathi elitsha". Kodwa emva kweminyaka emi-4, amagosa akhe asuswa ngokuzama ukuprinta lo mbongo "Törrin kuloo nto" kunye nemisebenzi yabavumisi abangafunekiyo.
Okwesibini uphethe umhleli weposi wempapasho ngo-1958, apho wasebenza khona de kwangama-1970. Ababhali-mbali banikela ngovavanyo lwelo xesha - ixesha elingahlwayo kwimbali ye "Lihlabathi Elitsha". Ngonobhala wokuqala wekomiti ephambili ye-CPU Nikita Khrushchev, eli phephancwadi laba luphawu lwe-THAW. Yayingumzimba wenkcaso esemthethweni yamandla eSoviet. Xa uvuma i-KHRUSCHEV, i-Alexander Trifich ipapasha "Ngenye imini uvan Denisovich" Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
Emva kokususwa kweKghrushchev, onke amandla e-Colt eyintloko yawa kwijenali. Okokuqala, basekela bomatshini bagxothwa. Beza kuthathela endaweni abantu abathintela uAlexander Prefich ukuba basebenze. Imozulu engakholelekiyo yenziwa. NgoFebruwari 1970, i-tvardovsky kunye nenxalenye yomhleli zishiya eli phephancwadi.
Ubomi Buqu
Uthando lwakhe lobomi bakhe yayinguMaria illarionna gorleov. Bangoontanga, badibana eSmolensk. Le ntombazana ikwafundiswa kwiZiko leDatha, elalingaphumelelanga. NjengoTartovsky, wasebenza njenge "yendlela yokuhlela", epapashwe kwiimagazini "i-novy" ebomvu "phantsi kosapho olukhulu.Emva kokusweleka kombhali, umgxeki kwimagazini "iHlabathi elitsha" Vladimir Lakshshin iya kubiza inkosikazi ye-Alexander Trifinovich "iphiko lesibini" Malunga nobomi bobuqu bolwazi lombhali ayonelanga, kodwa kukho iileta eziya kuMariya iLillionovva kwimfazwe, egcwele imvakalelo yothando.
"Yonke into ibaluleke kakhulu kwihlabathi, sithandwa, loo nto, ndiyacinga, abo bantu bandisa ububele kunye nothando lwabo omnye ngoku, abo banganyamezeleka."UAlexander noMaria basayinwa emva kwemfazwe. Abantwana ababini bazalelwa kwisibini: iintombi zeValentine kunye neOlga.
Ukufa
I-TVARDOVSKy ifumene umgama "wehlabathi elitsha". Impilo echaphazelekayo impilo echaphazelekayo. I-Alexander Trimonovich Transtlers Strooke, emva koko akahambi kwaye akathethi. Imbongi yayilaliswa esibhedlele, oogqirha bafumana umhlaza wemiphunga kwifom eyasungulwe, eyayingunobangela wokufa kukaVasily Turken.
Wasweleka nge-18 kaDisemba ngo-1971. Ndingcwatyelwe kwi-moscow novodevichy amangcwaba. Waziswa engcwabeni lakhe kummandla weSmolensk, apho wayeqhuba khona ubuntwana nobutsha bakhe.
Kwibhayiloji ye-tvardovsky uninzi lweenyani ezinomdla. I-patron yakhe ye-Khrushchev ayikaze ifunde imibongo malunga neVasily Turkin. Ngaphandle kobudlelwane obunzima norhulumente waseSoviet, i-TRORDOVSKY iminyaka emi-5 yadweliswa njengomgqatswa weKomiti yeCPU. Emva kokufa, igama lembongi libizwa ngokuba zizitrato kwizixeko, kwisikolo eMoscow kunye ne-aeroflote yenqwelomoya.
Emva kwakhe, walishiya inzala yenzala yelifa lemveli. Iifoto ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwe-Tvardovsky zibonakalisa imvakalelo kunye nemozulu yexesha lokuhlala leSoviet Union.
Iikowuti
- Ubomi,Ngubani na olungileyo!
- Akukho namaqhawe ngokuzalwa, -
Bazalwe kwiimfazwe.
- I-Kosy, i-braid, ngelixa i-Dew
Ngumbetha phantsi-kwaye silikhaya.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1931 - "Indlela yokuya kwi-Socialism"
- Ngo-1932 - "sisihlalo sedayari"
- Ngo-1934 - "ilizwe laseMurai"
- Ngo-1942 - "I-Vasily Torkin"
- Ngo-1946 - "INdlela yeNdlela"
- Ngo-1947 - "izibonda"
- Ngo-1947 - "Mamandm noAlien"
- Ngo-1951 - "umbongo kunye nemibongo"
- Ngo-1953 - "ye-Dal - Dal"
- Ngo-1963 - "törrin kuloo highnya"
- Ngo-1969 - "ukusuka kwingoma kule minyaka. Ngo-1959 - 1968 "