Imbali yomlinganiswa
Isincoko sikaNikolai Nekrasov "ophila kakuhle eRussia" ubhaliwe ngaphezulu kwenkulungwane eyadlulayo. Lo mbongo unika uphawu oluqaqambileyo lweengxaki kunye neemvavanyo apho abantu baseRussia kwakufuneka bahambe, kwaye betsalela ulonwabo olufana namadoda aqhelekileyo. Umsebenzi unelungelo lombuzo ongapheliyo, ukutyhubela iinkulungwane apho sithuthunjiswa ngawo ngamnye wethu.Ibali linika umfundi ukuba baziqhelanise nebali lokuqala. Abalinganiswa bayo abaphambili baba ngabalingane, baqokelele ukumisela ipropathi apho ahlala khona umntu owonwabileyo. Ngokuhlalutya zonke izikhundla, amadoda awaziwa amabali abalinganiswa, owonwabileyo phakathi kweyona nto iphambili kwi-rigoral. Ixabiso le-her yegama kule meko ibalulekile. Ulonwabo lomfundi wayengengabi mpilo-ntle, uxolo noxolo nakuloxolo kumazwe anazwe nentlalo-ntle yabantu.
Imbali yendalo
Lo mbongo wadalwa kwixesha ukusuka ngo-1863 ukuya kwi-1877, kwaye ngexesha lomsebenzi, abalinganiswa kunye nemibono yesakhiwo batshintshwa rhoqo. Umsebenzi awugqitywanga, njengoko umbhali wasweleka ngo-1877, kodwa "umntu waseRussia waphila kakuhle" uthathwa njenge-opis eqinileyo.
I-nekrasov idume ngesikhundla soluntu esicacileyo kunye neentetho ngokuchasene nokungabikho kokusesikweni kwezentlalo. Uphinda waphakamisa iingxaki emsebenzini, ephazamisa uPesantry Russian. Umbhali wagwebela isibongozo sabanini bomhlaba ngeesethi, ukusebenza kwabasetyhini kunye nokunyanzelwa kwabantwana ukuba basebenze. Emva kokurhoxiswa kwe-Serfdom ngo-1861, ulonwabo olulindelwe lwabantu abaphumeleleyo lwabantu abaqhelekileyo abafikanga. Ingxaki engasimahla yatshintshwa yile minye imiba enxulumene nethemba lokuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo ubomi obuqinisekileyo.
Imifanekiso yehle kombongo inceda ukufaka ubunzulu boMbuzo obu ebuzwe ngumbhali. I-nekrasov ibonisa umahluko phakathi kolonwabo ekuqondeni komnini-mhlaba kunye nendoda elula. Izityebi ziqinisekile ukuba eyona nto iphambili ebomini impilo-ntle yenyama, kwaye ihlwempu linqula ukungabi naloo ntlungu. Ubumoya babantu abachazwa ngu-Ermagi Gigin noGrisha Dobrozlon, ophuphayo ngomxholo wendalo iphela.
I-nekrasov in Ukholelwa ukuba, uqonda ukuba yintoni ulonwabo lokwenene, onke amaqhawe omsebenzi aya kwenza imizamo yokufezekisa.
Umbongo "ophila kakuhle eRussia"
Matrain titofeevna korchagin-ubuso obusebenzayo emsebenzini. Ebutsheni bakhe, wayenoyolo ngokwenene, kuba eli xesha lobomi bakhe lalikhathalela ngokwenene. Bazali babeyithanda intombazana, kwaye wafuna ukunceda usapho lwakhe kuyo yonke into. Njengabanye abantwana abahlengiweyo, uMatrena wafunda kwangoko ukusebenza. Imidlalo yayikhutshelwe ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nexhala lekhaya kunye neengxaki, kodwa intombazana ekhulayo ayizange ilibale ngokuzonwabisa.
Olu hlaselo lusebenza nzima kwaye luyasebenza. Inkangeleko yakhe yavuya ngamehlo omnyama oqingqiweyo noRussia. Uninzi lwabafana lube neentlobo zentombazana, kwaye kanye xa sele isusiwe. Kubo bomi abancinci nobonwabisayo ngaphambi kokuba umtshato uhambe esiphelweni. Intando ithathelwe indawo yindlela, ulawula kwintsapho yomnye umntu, abazali bakaMatric Avutha. Umama wentombazana, eqonda ukuba umyeni wakhe awuyi kuhlala eyikhusela intombi yakhe, usilela ikamva lakhe.
Ubomi kwindlu entsha kwaye nyani azibuzi kwangoko. I-Zolovka kunye nabazali bomlingane benza uMarrena basebenza kakhulu kwaye bengalixhasi i-gookalk yakhe. Ukuphela kovuyo lwezinto ezintle yayiyi-slick handkerchichief yanikela nomyeni wakhe kwaye ihamba ngendlela.
Ulwalamano emtshatweni aluzange lubizelwe lubhetyebhetye, kuba ngelo xesha amadoda ahlala ebabetha abafazi bakhe, kwaye amantombazana ayengekho kubani ukuba afune uncedo kunye nokhuseleko. Ngosuku lweveki uMatrena yayingwevu kwaye i-monotonous, igcwele abasebenzi abasebenzi kunye nezalamane ze-pop-up. Emva kokwenza umntu obalaseleyo kaGravyanka, le ntombazana yayikupheliseni lonke ikamva kwaye yabonisa umonde onamandla.
Unyana ozelwe watyhila uMatreus kwicala elitsha. Umama onothando, unika umntwana wakhe lonke ubushushu obukrelekrele bawo. Ulonwabo lwentombazana lwalumfutshane. Uzamile ukuchitha umntwana kangangexesha elininzi, kodwa umsebenzi wathabatha yonke imizuzu, kwaye umntwana wayengumthwalo. Utatomkhulu wothiwa unyana kaMatrena kwaye kwake kupheka. Umntwana wafa. I-cum yakhe iye yaba yintlekele kunyoko. Ngezo ntsuku, amatyala anjalo kwenzeka rhoqo, kodwa yaba luvavanyo olumangalisayo kubafazi.
Amapolisa eza endlwini, ukuvuza kunye nesakuvuza kwabelana ngoko uMatiin ekuhleni ngotatomkhulu wakhe, owayekhoboka langaphambili, owona mntwana. Kwagqitywa kwelokuba kuthathwe i-autopsy ukumisela oonobangela bokufa kwenkwenkwe. Kwintombazana, iba lusizi olukhulu, kuba ngoku umntwana akanakungcwatywa ngaphandle kwesityalo.
Umfanekiso weMatringa ngumzobo webhinqa laseRussia, irakhi, ukuthanda ukutya kunye nomonde. Abafazi abangakwaziyo ukwaphula ubomi bezinto eziphezulu. Emva kwexesha, uMatriya waphinda wafumana abantwana. Uyazithanda kwaye ubakhusele, ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ukuze kuxhamle usapho lwakhe.
UMama Matrena timofeevna womelele kangangokuba ngenxa ye-heroine abantwana bakulungele yonke into. Igxininisa isiqephu xa uNyana eFondos wayefuna ukohlwaya umnini-mhlaba. Umfazi osasesakwa-ndoda wawela phantsi kwenyuka, wazinikela endaweni yomntwana wakhe. Ngenzondelelo efanayo, ijoyina umyeni wakhe, afuna ukufuna ukufunyanwa. I-folk yokuthatha inika usindiso losapho lwaseMatriya.
Ubomi bombhexeshi olulula bunzima kwaye bugcwele lusizi. Wasinda engeyiyo omnye elambileyo, waphulukana nonyana wakhe, wayehlala enexhala lentliziyo yabantu. Lonke ubukho bukaMatrada Timofeevvna bubekwa kukujongana nobubi, bema ngendlela yakhe. Ubunzima obuwela kwisabelo sayo bunokwaphula umoya. Amabhinqa amaninzi njengoMatriry asweleke kwangoko ngenxa yomthwalo kunye nengxaki. Kodwa abo babephila besenza ikratshi nentlonelo. Umfanekiso womfazi waseRussia ebusweni beMatriya Chas Nekrasov.
Umbhali ubona indlela anxibileyo kwaye enomonde, amandla nothando olungakanani ogcina umphefumlo wakhe, indlela enokucinga ngayo kunokuba ngumfazi olula olula. Akathambekele ekutsaleni i-heroine eyonwabileyo, kodwa iyazingca ngokuba ayilahleki, kodwa ijika iphumelele kumzabalazo wobomi.
Iikowuti
ETharistast iRussia, ubomi bebhinqa yayinzima kakhulu. Kwiminyaka engama-38, uTimofeev uyakhula, ixhegokazi lalizibiza. Kwakukho iingxaki ezininzi, umntu obhinqileyo lo mfazi wazihlangabezana naye, ngoko ke yena uyakugweba amadoda adiniweyo, ukuba anoyolo phakathi kwabafazi.
"Kwaye inyani yokuba uqalile, hayi ityala - phakathi kokukhangelwa kwenkolelo!"
Ngenxa yokuqina kunye namandla oMoya, iqhawe laqala ukubiza "irhuluneli", kuba ayingawo wonke umntu obhinqileyo kwizenzo zobuqhawe. Inkazana yesidlaliso esitsha ifanelwe ngasekunene, kodwa eli gama alizange lonwabe. Olona lonwabo luphambili lwe-kurchagin ayikho kwiindlela zabantu baseFolk:
"Siye sahlatywa ngovuyo, esibizwa ngokuba yirhuluneli-i-wagonotut ukusukela ngoko ... kulandelayo? Ndilawula ngokufanelekileyo ukuba bagcwele abantwana ... Ngaba kuya kufuneka wazi ngovuyo?Isahluko apho iqhawe livula amehlo akhe kwimpazamo, ebizwa ngokuba ngu "Babhiya umzekeliso". UMatrena Timofeevna uyavuma ukuba akanakho ukuqonda kunye nabanye abahamba ngeenyawo. Zininzi kakhulu izichasi, iimvavanyo, ingqumbo yamashishini, ingqumbo ukusuka ecaleni labayeni bakhe nezalamane, i-chancessigued yekamva. UMatraine uyakholelwa ukuba phakathi kwabafazi akukho bonwabisayo:
"Izitshixo ezivela kulonwabo lwebhinqa, kwi-volochushkit yethu yasimahla, yaphulukana noThixo ngokwakhe!"