Biography
Ukumkanikazi wase-England Maria Tuddor, okwabizwa ngokuba nguMaria igazi, kunxulunyaniswa nokugculelwa kwePolynomiatic, ngenxa yoko kwazalwa igama lakhe lesibini. Wayehlala neziganeko ebomini, enomdla apho engaphelelanga unanamhla. Ngapha koko, wayengengobubi, ikamva lakhe lityebile kwiintlekele ezilusizi, nto leyo eya kuthi kamva ichaphazele abantu abaninzi abamsulwa.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UMaria ITydor wazalwa ngoFebruwari 1516 eGreenwich, ngelo xesha wayeyindawo yaseMzantsi mpuma yeLondon, kwaye namhlanje sisithili sakhe sembali. Umama - inkosazana encinci yaseSpareya Aragonskaya, kwaye uBawo ngukumkani waseNgilani Henry VIII. Indoda yayingumlawuli wesibini wombuso onxulumene ne-tudor doynyy.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyIntombazana yaza yaba ngumntwana wokuqala owaziqondayo kaCatherine. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umfazi wayekhulelwe amaxesha ama-6, kodwa yonke imizamo yokunika iqabane lakho indlalifa aliphumelelanga. Utata wayengadaniswa kukubonakala kukaMariya ekukhanyeni, kuba wayekholelwa ukuba umkakhe usenokuba uzalayo unyana. Wayeyithanda intombi yakhe, ebizwa ngokuba yiPearl kwaye wancoma umlinganiswa oqinileyo nothintelayo.
Ukumkanikazi wexesha elizayo ebuntwaneni bekunzulu, yayinoxanduva lwemicimbi. Ihlala imamele ngenyameko kootitshala, kwaye ke kwakusekuqaleni wathatha umGrike nesiLatin ngaphandle kweengxaki, wayenobuchule, edlalwe kwi-claresis kunye nomdaniso. Intombi kaHenry VIII ifundisisa uncwadi lwamaKristu, kwaye ngokuzibophelela lanikwa ukufunda amabali malunga nabafazi bamandulo - ababulali bamandulo kunye nemfazwe. Ukukhula, wayebandakanyeka kwihashe ukukhwela kunye nokuzingela i-falcon.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNjengokuphela komntwana kaHeinrich, uMaria wayenamathuba onke ukuba avuke etroneni, ukuba le ndoda ingabonakali de ivukele ikhule. Ukumkani de kwanethemba lokuzalwa kwenkwenkwe, emva koko uCatherine wayekwinyanga yokugqibela yokukhulelwa. Kodwa iphupha lokumkani alizange laqaphele, umntwana wazalwa efile, ke intombi yakhe yaqhubeka nokuhlala kuphela komceli wentloko ye-England.
Ngo-1519, isikhundla esikhulu sentombazana sashukunyiswa, njengokuba umthandi kakumkani uElizabhete wazala inkwenkwe kuye. Kwaye nangona yayingumntwana ongekho mthethweni, wayesohlwaywa, enemvelaphi yasebukhosini. Kwinkwenkwe nakabeka iliso kwaye lamisela izihloko ezihambelanayo.
Ibhunga lolawulo
Ngexesha lezifundo ezininzi kunye neeklasi, i-tudor yathatha iilwimi ezimbini, zaphuhliswa ngokungekhoyo ngonyaka, kodwa enye ekukhuliseni kwakhe. Akukho mntu ufundisayo uMaria ukulawula ilizwe. Kwangelo xesha, uHeinrich waqalisa ukucinga, oya kuba yinkosi elandelayo okanye ukumkanikazi waseNgilani. Ngeli xesha, wayesele eqonda ukuba uCatherine wayengazale unyana, kwaye ngenxa yoko yayilixesha lokuthatha izigqibo.Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyUkugwetywa kuka-Kings-Karl Tiulas wanikwa kwangoko kunentombi yakhe, ke uMaria waba yinkosazana waya kubunini obutsha. Ngelo xesha, amaWales wayengekabi yinxalenye ye-england, kodwa yayiyintsimi yayo. Ngo-1525, ngokuqokelela ii-geners ezininzi kunye nabasebenzi, i-tuddor ihamba kwindawo entsha yokuhlala kwaye yahlala kwibhotwe lasebukhosini. Imisebenzi yentombazana yeza kulawula umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphakathi, ukudala ubulungisa kwaye ibambe umsitho, kwaye akukho mntu uneentloni kancinane.
Iziganeko ezenzeka kwiminyaka emi-2 zajika ubomi bukaMariya. Emva komtshato wexesha elide, uHeinrich oxhaphaze ubudlelwane kunye ne-catherine, kwaye i-tuudor iyamkelwa ngokuzenzekelayo yintombazana yayo esemthethweni, esongela ilahleko yamalungelo kwitrone. Kodwa umfazi wangaphambili wentloko ye-England akazange ayamkele ukungasebenzi kakuhle komtshato, le ndoda kwafuneka imoyikise ngempangelo nentombi yakhe. Esi sibini sibandakanyeka ngokuzithandela kwimbambano yentsapho yokuphela komntwana.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyUbomi bukaMariya buye baba mbi ngakumbi emva kokuba uYise waqalisa abafazi abatsha. Ekuqaleni yayingu-Anna Boolein (wazala intombi kaElizabeth), kodwa emva kokubulawa kwenkani yomtshato, watshintsha uJane Seymour. Wamnika ukumkani wonyana wokuqala osemthethweni-indlalifa ende yexesha elide, kwaye emva kwalo msitho wabulawa ziingxaki zeposi. UHeintrich watshisa ngokufutshane kwaye watshata uAna Klevskaya, nasemva koko amaqabane omlawuli, i-Ekaterina Hoard kunye ne-Ekaterina Parrere yaba.
Ukuba nomzalwana wakhe wemveli uEsaary kumgca katata, oneminyaka engama-9 wathatha itrone, iBanjwa laliyinto yesibini kwisithsaba sesithsaba. Inkwenkwe evela kokuzalwa yayibuthathaka, ihlala igula, yayisoyikeka kwimibuzo yakhe, eyathi ukuba udade wokumkani uza kutshata, emva koko azame ukumtshabalalisa, athabathe itrone.
Kwaye ke bahlala beyimisa umfana ukuba ngokuchasene nomfazi, inkuthazo yoku kukuthobela ibhinqa kubuKatolika, kuba uEdward washumayela ukholo lwamaProtestanti. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, wabizwa ngokuba nguMaria Katolika.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyI-regent yoyika, kungekudala inkwenkwe yafumana iimpawu zesifo sephepha, ezazibususa esiphelweni. Ngaphambi kokuba afe kaEduard anyanzele ukuba atyobele umthetho, ngokuthile owalandelwa nguJane Grey, kunye nommeli wohlobo lwe-tudoor. Kwangaxeshanye, uMaria noElizabhete (udadewabo onguyise) wahluthwa ithuba lokuba ngumqendu.
Ke intombazana eneminyaka eli-16 ubudala iwela kulawulo lweNgilani, olubangela ingqumbo yabantu kunye nokugxothwa kwayo kwitrone ngeentsuku ezili-9. Ke kwizizathu ezisemthethweni zesithsaba uMary Pass. Ngexesha lolawulo lwabemi, ilizwe lehlile kakhulu. ETenyrich, watshabalalisa uninzi lwamabandla kunye neeoyile, kwaye e-Edward, eqokelelene nobudala bokumkani, waphanga ubuncwane, ngoku eli bhinqa kwakufuneka livule indlala.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyI-biography kaMariya andiyibonakali njengomntu okhohlakeleyo, nangona kunjalo, iimeko zangoku zenza ukuba i-kumkani iphinde yenze. Eyokuqala yokubetha uJane Grey Grey noGilford Dudley, kunye noyise wentombazana kunye nebhiti. Akazange athathele isigqibo sokuthumela izalamane ixesha elide kwaye wayefuna ukubhoboza abantu abancinci, kodwa emva kovukelo luka-Uyetta ngo-1554, ukuba akukho lukhetho.
Kakhulu kwimbali yebhodi yayo kunye neziganeko ezihle. Ukuba ngukumkani, waqalisa ukulungisa oonongendi kwaye ubuyisele ukholo lwamaKatolika eNgilani. Kodwa neli xesha libizwa ngokuba yeyona nto iphambili ngenxa yokubulawa kwabantu. Ngexesha lendawo kaMariya etroneni, abantu abangama-300 baphulukana nobomi babo, la yayingamaProtestanti.
Ubomi Buqu
Umkhwenyana weNkosikazi wexesha elizayo wathathwa ukuba akhethe ubuntwana. Kwaye ke, xa uMariya waphelisa iminyaka emi-2 ubudala, uBawo ugqiba isifundo sokuzibandakanya ne-Frey Dofi, unyana kaFrancis I, kodwa emva kwexesha ichithwe. Kwiminyaka eyi-6, utata wakhe waphinda avumelane nomtshato wentombi yakhe kunye nomlawuli woBukhosi baseRoma uKarl V Habsburg, umdala kuneminyaka eli-16 ubudala.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyInyaniso enomdla kukuba uKarl wayewuqonde umtshato wabo wexesha elizayo njengenyathelo lesikolo, kodwa uMariya ngokwakhe wazibona iimvakalelo zothando kuye, ngale ndoda wayenokuba nobomi bobuqu. Kodwa oku akumiselwanga ukuzaliseka. Ngo-1527, uHeinrich wahlaziya isimo sengqondo malunga neRoma, kwaye ke uthando lwakhe nge-Karla Dubebed. Ukuphucula imeko yomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle, le ndoda yaqalisa ukukhupha intombi yomntu ophuma eFrance eFrance, yayinokuba yiFrancis mna nonyana wakhe.
Nje ukuba uMaria ukhule ukuze akwazi ukuya kwiibhola, ubuyela eLondon. Kodwa ayimncedisanga ukuba akhe ulonwabo, kuba ukumkani waphazamisa umtshato nonina, kwaye intombazana yanyanzelwa ukuba ihambe nabafazi abatsha beHeinrich. Kwaye emva kokusweleka kukayise (wayeneminyaka engama-31 ubudala, umfazi wayengatshatanga.
Ngo-1554, iTordor isatshata. Inyusi yawo yayinguKumkani waseSpain evela kwindlu ye-habsburgs Philip II. Phambi komtshato, umyeni wexesha elizayo utyikitye isivumelwano esibophelelayo ukuba ungaphazamisi ukuphathwa kweNgilani, kwaye kwimeko yokusweleka kwangoko kukubuyela kwilizwe labo. Kwangelo xesha, abantwana abazalwa emtshatweni ngokuzenzekelayo basebenza kwitrone yesiNgesi.
Kungekudala emva komtshato, ukumkanikazi wabhengeza ukuba ulindele umntwana. Umlingane wavuyela ezi ndaba kwaye wayejonge phambili ekubonakalisweni kwendlalifa. Kwaye xa lafika eli gama, wonke umntu wayelinde ukumangaliswa okungathandekiyo.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyInkosikazi ibhengeze ukuba inokuba iphosakele ukubala okanye ididekile umhla wokukhulelwa. Kule mihla, le meko ichazwa njengokukhulelwa kwesixoki. Ngokweengcinga, ibhinqa labenomhlaza okanye u-Ovarian, ngenxa yoko, uMaria wasiva ukugula okuthathe ukukhulelwa kwakhe.
Abantu babengayithandi indoda yokumkanikazi, ekufikeni kweli lizwe, enekratshi elikhulu, wayekhukhumala, kunye nokuziphatha kwakhe esiziphethe kakuhle, esasihlala sisinyabi seSpaniards kunye neBritane . UPhilip akazange azifihle ukuba akawathandi uMaria, wayenomdla ngakumbi kudade wabo uElizabeki. Wayenethemba lokuba isithsaba sasiya kuye, kwaye ke yaxhasa ubudlelwane nentombazana.
Ukufa
Ekupheleni kwe-1550s, iYurophu yahlala ixesha elide usulelo lwentsholongwane), olunokubangela ukufa kwenani elikhulu labantu. ENgilani, esi sifo sangena ngo-1558, uyavuza ixesha elide, kwaye abantu abagula abantu bengazange balazi. UMaria wagula ngo-Agasti wonyaka omnye, kwaye ngo-Okthobha bendiqonda ukuba andizukuphila. Kwaye ukufudukela eSt. Ibhotwe laseSt Jalace alizange lincedise ukumkanikazi, njengomyeni wakhe ebandakanyeke kumngcwabo kase. Ubomi bendoda baphatha isifo esinye.Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyUMaria wayeyazi ubunzulu besi sifo kwaye unexhala ngekamva lelizwe. Amandla akhe ahamba, kodwa lo mfazi ukwazile ukuwahlula amaqabane awo onke amalungelo eNgilani aze abhale ukuthanda kukaElitsion, ukuba abe nguElizabhete. Ukumkanikazi waseNgilani wasweleka ngoNovemba 17, 1558, unobangela wokufa yayingumkhuhlane, owazange uncume uMaria.
Imemori
Ukugweba imbonakalo yomsondlongo kunokuba ngumzobo kuphela, obhalwe ngamagcisa adumileyo kule minyaka. Kwinkalo nganye yobuso yahlukile, kodwa phantse konke kubonakaliswa kwimpahla yasebukhosini, kunye nokujonga okungathandekiyo kunye nokwahlula imilebe yomlomo. Oku kuthetha ngeentlungu zokomoya zomfazi, kuba wasinda kakhulu, ukumkanikazi akazange akhe ubomi bentsapho obonwabisayo.
Kwi-cinematography, inzala kuhlobo lweTudoroV yaqala yavela ngo-1935, kodwa emva kweminyaka emi-6 itshatisiwe. Okungakumbi malunga neli xesha laba kumkani kwakugqunywe ngo-1953 ukuya ku-1972, nangona kunjalo, kukho abalinganiswa abaziintloko baseHeinrich VIII, uMaria Stewart tuddor. Kwaye emva kwekhefu elide ngo-1998, ukukhanya kwabona ityhefu "uElizabhete", kule filimu uMaria wadlala umbambi ka-Katie Katie Berver.
Kwakukho ezinye iirialhes kunye neeribhoni ezininzi, kodwa umlinganiswa ophambili kakumkanikazi waseNgilani wayeneminyaka emithathu kuphela. Ababini kubo babizwa - "uMaria Tudad" (i-sudamed ngo-1912 nango-1966), yaye owesithathu ebizwa ngokuba "yiMiranda Frenc kwindima ekhokelayo.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi yoncwadi kubhiyozelwa yidrama yothando "i-maria tudord" viktor huto. Lo mdlalo wadinwa ngabantu abaninzi, nangona iyelenqe liyintsomi apho, kwaye uninzi lwamaqhawe alunazo iiprototypes zembali.