Biography
I-Alphonse Bhli-Ibhabha yeCzech kunye neshedyuli, yaqalwa kwicala lokuhombisa kwaye lisebenzise ubugcisa. Wayephakathi kwabo basunguli bohlobo olutsha - i-nouveau, okanye yale mihla. Imisebenzi yeempukane zahlulahlulwe kukunqongophala kwemigca ethe ngqo kunye nokuthanda i-bends uqoqosho lwendalo. Umkhwa omtsha wabafundiswa ngabalandeli phakathi kwamagcisa, iigrafu kunye nezixhobo.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-Alphonse ibhabha yazalwa ngoJulayi 24, 1860 eMoravia, eIvanchitsa, kwintsapho yegosa lezomthetho nentombi ye-Melnik. Inkwenkwe ibonakalise umnqweno wobuchule bokudala ukusuka kwiminyaka encinci. Wayekuthanda ukucula nokuzoba. Uphumelele ngempumelelo izakhono esikolweni. Emva kokuphumelela kwi-Gymnasium, ii-AllFon zagqiba ekubeni zingene kwi-Prague Acadey Academy yobugcisa. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba baphumelele kwiimviwo okokuqala komfana oselula, ngoko ke utata wam wamchaza njengombhali enkundleni.
Umsebenzi kaMoya Jr. udityaniswe nomdla kwiholo yemidlalo yeqonga. Ekuqaleni wazama njengomlingisi, kodwa wakhawuleza waqonda ukuba umphefumlo wakhe unobulumko obubonakalayo, kwaye waqala ukubandakanyeka kwimizobo. Ngeli xesha, iiposta zokuqala zavela phantsi kwentsimbi yeealfons. Wayesebenza njengomhlobili wethiyetha kwaye wacingisisa malunga neliphi ishishini afuna ukulibopha le bhayoloji yakhe.
Ngomhla we-1879, umzobi wafumana umsebenzi kwindibano yocweyo ye-bittical Fines "kautsky-Brioši-Burkhat". Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, watshisa ngomlilo, kwaye i-alphose yafudukela kwidolophu encinci yaseMikulov. Ingozi eyonwabileyo yayisisizathu sokumenywa kweempukane ukuba zibale iCong-Belassi. I-Weljet iyalele ukuba ipeyinti yeendonga kwaye yavuyela italente yomlindi. Ke ialphof yafumana i-patron eyathembisa ukuhlawula izifundo kwi-Munich Academy yobugcisa.
Ndibukele iminyaka emi-2, umfana oselula wagqiba kwelaseParis, eye yaba yindawo yokuxinana kwababhali abaqaqambileyo abanetalente. Apha wacwangcisa ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe kwaye wangena kwi-Academy yeJulien, nakwiingcali zeKolassi.
Ngo-1889th, i-polyssote, ixhasa iimfuno zeealfons, kwaye wahlala engenabomi. Ukubhala imifanekiso ifuna imali, kuba iibrashi kunye neepeyinti zazifanele kakhulu. Ii-Alfons zagqiba ekubeni ziqale ukufunyanwa ngokuzimeleyo kwaye ziqale ekwenzeni kweemveliso zokuprinta: iikhalenda, iiposta, iiposta kunye nezimemo. Waba ngumyili.
Ukupeyinta
Enye yeeposti ezicwangcisiweyo zaduma. Umzobi wenza i-odolo ye-odolo ye-French yaseFrance uSara Bernard. I-Alfonso yadala iposta kwi "Zhismond" idlala. Umdlali weqonga wawusenziwa, wamncoma njengomhlobiso wolawulo lwemidlalo yeRenaissance, kwaye kulo mzuzu uMyisi woMyiki awuzange womile.
Ukongeza kwiiposta, iiposta kunye neempawu, mpla zibhale imifanekiso. Ngeli xesha, wakwazi ukulungiselela ezakhe imiboniso. Eyokuqala yenzeka ngo-1897. I-Bernard Muee emva koko yadala inani leeposta kwimveliso "yenenekazi ne-fumellias", "i-hamlet", "ubomi babantu", "Ubomi babantu ".
Impukane ibambe inani leeverice eParis naseYurophu, esebenzisa ukuthandwa okukhulayo. Ngo-1898, wazisa uGeorge Fuka, indlalifa kwi-helller. Isiphumo sobuhlobo babo yayiyingqokelela yokuhamba ngokudibeneyo ye-chielry. Impumelelo ijika ifumane ivalensi, kwaye uFuka wayalela uyilo lwe-face yekhaya lekhaya, kunye nokwenza indawo yangaphakathi kwivenkile.
Ngo-1910, impukane iphinde yafika kwiRiphabliki yaseCzech. Apha wagqiba kwelokuba aqonde iphupha lakhe elikhulu kwaye waqalisa umsebenzi kumjikelo wepeyinti "slavic Epic". Ngelo xesha, umzobi watyelele uMoscow noSt. Petersburg, ophefumlelwe ukuba adale amatyala aseRussia kolu ngcelele. Umsebenzi wemisebenzi uthathe iminyaka eli-18 kwaye wagqitywa ngo-1928. Iimpukane ezifanayo zisebenze ngaphezulu kwee-odolo.
Umbhali unikelwe kwi-Czech abantu abayi-20 yokupeyinta kwimbali yeziSlavs. EPrague, kwakungekho ndawo apho kugcinwa khona amanqindi amakhulu. Imfesane yabo igcinwe ebhotwe, enye yeenqaba, ngo-1963 kwadalwa umzobo wonke, ukuba abone. Le projekthi yenye yezona ngcinga ziphambili ze-Aluthone fly, kodwa imisebenzi yakhe '' yamatye anqabileyo ", uZodiac nabanye bajika bafunwa luluntu.
Ngo-1918, emva kokwenziwa kweRiphabhlikhi yaseCzechoslovakia, urhulumente wabhenela kumculi wokwenza uyilo lweendleko zemali, ii-brands, idyasi ye-Counciane. Ukongeza, kule minyaka le bhabha yenziwa i-sched yeglasi ye-st'vita ePrague.
Impukane yanikezela bonke ubomi bakhe kubuchule. Imisebenzi yombhali ifakwe ngaphandle kothando kunye nexesha eliphuphayo. Amagorha akhe anjenge-nymph, ababamba abaphulaphuli ngexesha lombandezelo okanye i-coquet. Umsebenzi weshedyuli ixesha elide wahlala enemfuno, kodwa emva kweminyaka yoo-1930s yokuthandwa komculi ayakwazi ukwehla. IXESHA LENZA IMICIMBI YABASEBENZI. Ekuqaleni kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, umbuhlungu wawa kwi-Onal Reich Reich, yabandakanywa kuluhlu lweentshaba kwaye wavalelwa njengomrhanelwa kwi-Anti-Fascist kunye nemicimbi yobuzwe.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukufudukela eParis kwiminyaka eqolileyo, impukane yathandana neCzech yaseMaria Chieiel. Umahluko ophakathi kwabo wayeneminyaka engama-20. Kodwa ayizange ihlaze intombazana, ibe yaba ngumfazi womculi. Umtshato wenzeka ngo-1906. Emtshatweni, amaqabane anabantwana ababini: intombi nonyana. Ngokudibeneyo nosapho luka-Alphose Muka, kangangexesha elithile bahlala eUnited States, apho wabhala khona imizobo kwaye edale iiposta. Wayenoyolo ebomini bakhe obuqu, kodwa waphupha ngokubuyela kwilizwe lakhe, okwenzekileyo kamva.
Inomdla wokwazi ukuba inzala yomculi yaya emanyathelweni akhe. Intombazana kunye nabazukulwana baqashwa kubugcisa obusetyenzisiweyo. Yarmila, umzukulwana weshedyuli, wenza iprojekthi, apho izinto zokuhombisa zenziwe ngokwe-Ealbatoni. Unyana womthendeleko waba yintatheli.
Ukufa
Ukulandela nokungabanjwa kwakufuneka kusinde umbhali, owayedla ngokuhlamba ethandwa ngabathandekayo betalente yakhe, echaphazelekayo. Ngo-1939, uMuha wasweleka. Unobangela wokufa kwakhe wakhonza inyumonia. Ngaphambi kokuba bafe, ii-Alfons zikwazile ukupapasha iimemo.Ingcwaba lomzobo odumileyo kwindawo yamangcwaba e-vigiserad kwiRiphabliki yaseCzech. EPrague ukusukela ngo-1998, kukho imyuziyam yanikezelwa kumsebenzi womculi kunye nomyili. Kwinkumbulo ye-Alphonse, impukane yahlala umsebenzi wakhe kunye neefoto ezininzi ezenziwe ebomini.
Ukupeyinta
- Ngo-1891 - "Inkosikazi ejikelezwe ziintyatyambo"
- Ngo-1896 - "I-Salamambo"
- Ngo-1898 - "I-Medea"
- 1897 - "Iziqhamo"
- 1897 - "Ikhalenda yeChampagne"
- Ngo-1898 - "Lily"
- Ngo-1899- "Bawo wethu"
- I-1900 - "Topaz"
- I-1902 - "I-Cloak Red"
- Ngo-1920 - "Fate"
- Ngo-1938 - "Ubudala bothando"